Rule of Law Report 2024: neiyo 5th edition, EU yakashongedzerwa zvirinani kutarisana nekutonga kwemutemo matambudziko.

Komisheni yakaburitsa yayo yechishanu Wepagore Rule of Law Report, kuongorora hutongi hwemitemo hwakarongeka uye hwakanangana muNyika dzese dziri Nhengo zvakaenzana. Mukuenzanisa neyekutanga chinyorwa cheRule of Law Report yakagamuchirwa muna 2020, Nhengo dzeNyika neEU pamwe chete dzakagadzirira zvirinani kuona, kudzivirira uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kubuda. Izvi zvinobatsira mukusimba kweEuropean democracies uye kuvimbana muEU. Iyo inobatsirawo mukushanda kwakanaka kwemusika mumwe uye inobatsira nharaunda yebhizinesi inosimudzira kukwikwidza uye kukura kwakasimba.

Kubva payakatanga kuburitswa muna 2020, chirevo chave mutyairi wechokwadi wekuchinja kwakanaka: Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu (68%) yezvikumbiro zvakapihwa muna 2023 zvatarwa, zvizere kana kuti zvishoma. Zvakadaro, mune dzimwe nyika dzenhengo kushushikana kwakarongeka kuripo uye zvinhu zvatowedzera kuipa. Zviri kunetsa izvi zvinotariswa muzvisungo zvegwaro regore rino. Iko hakuna kurudziro yenyika dzekuwedzera mushumo iyi sezvo kurudziro yenyika idzi ichipihwa chete mumamiriro epagore Ekuwedzera Package.

Mushumo wegore rino unosanganisira, kekutanga, zvitsauko zvina zvenyika pane zvirikuitika mu Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia neSerbia. Kusanganisira nyika idzi dzekuwedzera muRule of Law Report, dzakanyanya kufambira mberi mukuita izvi, dzichatsigira nhamburiko dzavo, kubatsira zviremera kuti zvifambire mberi mukutora chinzvimbo uye kugadzirira kuenderera mberi kwebasa rekutonga kwemutemo seremangwana. Nhengo yeNyika. 

Kupfuurisa vanomwe pavagari gumi veEU vanobvumirana kuti EU inoita basa rakakosha mukubatsira kuchengetedza mutemo munyika yavo, zvinoenderana na Special Eurobarometer ongororo yakabudiswa nhasi.Padyo ne9 mu10 vagari veEU vanoona zvakakosha kuti vese EU Nhengo dzeNyika dziremekedze misimboti yeEU, pfungwa yakagadzikana kubva 2019. Pamusoro pezvo, kunzwa kwekuziviswa nezvehukoshero hweEU kwakavandudzika zvakanyanya munyika dzakawanda: zvakazara, 51% vagari veEU vanonzwa vaine ruzivo nezvehukoshero hunokosha hweEU mumutemo we43%, zvichienzaniswa ne2019% mutemo.

Chirevo cha2024, segore rega rega, chinosanganisira a kutaurirana kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu muEU yose uye 27 nyika zvitsauko tichitarisa zviitiko zvakakosha munyika imwe neimwe yenhengo. Chirevo ichi chinosanganisirawo ongororo yekurudziro yegore rapfuura uye, pahwaro ihwohwo, inopa, zvakare, zvakananga recommendations inonyorerwa nyika dzese dziri nhengo.

Mushumo inofukidza mbiru ina: hurongwa hwenyika dzehutongi hwejekerere, hurongwa hwekurwisa huwori, rusununguko rwezvenhau uye kuwanda kwezvizhinji pamwe nekumwe kuongorora kwemasangano.

Zviwanikwa zvakakosha uye kurudziro

1. Kuvandudzwa kwekururamisira

Shanduko dzeJustice dzakaramba dzichikwira pamusoro pehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika mugore rapfuura, neNyika zhinji dzeNhengo dzichitevera kurudziro dze2023 uye kuita shanduko dzakabvumiranwa mumamiriro eKudzoreredza uye Resilience Facility (RRF). Nyika dzinoverengeka dzeNhengo dzakatanga kana kuenderera mberi ne shanduko dzakakosha kusimbisa rusununguko rwematare. Vaita nhamburiko dzemutemo kusimbisa kusununguka uye kushanda kweKanzuru dzeJudiciary, kuvandudza nzira dzekugadzwa kwevatongi, kusanganisira nezvematare epamusoro-soro, kana kusimbisa kuzvitonga kwemabasa ehutongo. Panguva imwe, kumwe kushushikana kwehurongwa maererano nerusununguko rwekutonga kunoenderera mberi uye zvakananga nyaya dzekuora zvakaonekwa. Nyika dziri nhengo dzakaunzawo matanho ekuvandudza kushanda uye kunaka kwehutongo, pamwe nekuita kuti kururamisira kuve nyore. Zvakadaro, muNyika dzakati wandei, muhoro wevatongi nevachuchisi chinhu chinonetsa uye zvakonzera matambudziko ekutsvagisa vatongi vanokwanisa.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushumo wegore rino unokurudzira kuNhengo dzeNyika kuti dzigadzirise matambudziko akadai se kudiwa kwedziviriro mukugadzwa kwevatongi kune vese vatongi vematare edzimhosva uye pazvinzvimbo zvepamusoro kuzvimiririra kwesevhisi yekuchuchisa kana zvinoda kupa zviwanikwa zvakakwana kumatare edzimhosva, kusanganisira nezvemihoro.

Munyika dzekuwedzera, shanduko dzakakosha, kusanganisira padanho rebumbiro remitemo, zvaitwa kusimbisa kuzvitonga kwematare uye kunaka kwenzira dzekutonga. Zvakadaro, mamwe mabasa anofanirwa kuitwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine chekuita nekushanda kwematare anozvitonga ematare uye pakugadzwa kwevatongi.

2. Anti-corruption frameworks

Huori hunoramba huchinetsa vagari nemabhizinesi muEU, zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro ye2024 Special uye Flash Eurobarometer ongororo pamaonero evagari nevemabhizinesi kune huori muEU.

Migumisiro yeSpecial Eurobarometer inoratidza kuti veEurope vanoramba vachinetseka pamusoro pekuedza kwehurumende dzenyika kugadzirisa uori: 65% yevagari vemo vanotenda kuti nyaya dzehuori dzepamusoro-soro hadzina kuteverwa zvakakwana, uye 30% chete vanofunga kuti kuedza kwehurumende kurwisana nehuori kunoshanda. Saizvozvo, makumi mashanu neshanu muzana emakambani eEU anofunga kuti vanhu kana mabhizinesi ari kuita huwori anobatwa kana kuudzwa kuvakuru. Pamakambani aya, zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvinofunga kuti hukama hwepedyo pakati pebhizinesi nezvematongerwo enyika hunotungamirira kuhuori (51%) uye kuti kurerekera pamwe nehuwori zvinokanganisa makwikwi ebhizinesi (79%). MuEU mose, avhareji ye74% yevagari uye 68% yemakambani ari muEU anoona huwori hwakatekeshera munyika dziri nhengo dzavo.

Kubva gore rapfuura, nyika dzenhengo dzakaita yakagadziridzwa zvavo masangano kuti arwise huwori zviri nani, kusanganisira nekuwedzera zviwanikwa pakukwanisa kwemabasa ekuchengetedza mutemo, zviremera zvekuchuchisa uye vatongi. Panguva imwecheteyo, chimwe chiito chinodiwa kuti kusimbisa maitiro ekudzivirira, senge idzo dzinotonga dzekukurudzira uye kusawirirana kwezvido uye mitemo yekuzivisa midziyo, pamwe neku kuona kuti nyaya dzehuwori dzaferefetwa zvine mutsindo. Izvi zvinoonekwa mumazano egore rino.

Munyika dziri kuwedzera, hurongwa hwemutemo uye hwemasangano hwakasimbiswa, kunyange kuferefetwa uye kupomerwa kwe nyaya dzehuori dzinoda kusimbaradzwa.

3. Rusununguko rweMedia uye ruzhinji

Kubva paMutemo wekupedzisira weMutemo Report, nyika dzinoverengeka dzenhengo dzakaita nhanho dzakasimba kuti kunatsiridza kuchengetedzwa kwevatapi venhau nenzvimbo yekushanda, zvakare muchiedza chezvirongwa zveKomisheni zvakaita se European Media Freedom Act (EMFA), yatove kushanda uye inoshanda zvizere kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 2025, iyo 'Anti-SLAPP' kuraira uye kurudziro uye Kurudziro pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwevatapi venhau.

Uyezve, mabasa uye kugona kwevazhinji vezvenhau vezvenhau vemunyika vawedzerwa uye yakawedzerwa, zvakare nekuda kwekupinda musimba kweEU Digital Services Act, pamwe nekugadzwa kutsva kana kuwedzera kwekunyoresa varidzi vepamhepo.

Zvakadaro, kushushikana kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi munhengo dzenhengo dzinoverengeka maererano nehutongi hwakazvimirira kana kugadzikana kwemari vatepfenyuri venhepfenyuro yeruzhinji, kuve pachena kwevaridzi venhau, kodzero ye kuwana magwaro eruzhinji uye zviri pachena uye zvakanaka kugoverwa kwekushambadzira kwenyika. Komisheni, zvakare, yakapa akati wandei recommendations munzvimbo dzose idzi, kusanganisirawo kuchengetedzwa kwevatori venhau.

Matambudziko aripo kuwedzera nyika, zvikuru maererano nekubuda pachena kwevaridzi venhepfenyuro, kusununguka kwevanodzora kana vezvenhau vanoshandira veruzhinji uye kuchengetedzeka kwevatapi venhau, kunyange shanduko dzakaitwawo mune dzimwe dzacho kugadzirisa zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi.

4. Institutional cheki nemabharanzi

Nhengo dzeNyika dzakaenderera mberi kuvandudza kunaka kwemaitiro avo emitemo uye nekubatanidza vanobatana mumaitiro aya - maitiro akacherechedzwa zvakare mune yapfuura Rule yeMutemo Mishumo. Dzimwe Nhengo dzeNyika dzakatsigira chinzvimbo uye zviwanikwa zveNational Human Rights institution, ombudspersons, uye mamwe masimba akazvimirira. Matanho ekusimbisa hwaro uye kupa mari kumasangano akazvimirira oga akaenderera mberi muNyika dzinoverengeka.

Nekudaro, matambudziko anoramba ari munhengo dzinoverengeka dzenhengo, senge kushandisa zvakanyanya nzira dzinokurumidza kana hunhu hwese hwekuita mutemo, pamwe chete kubvunzana nevanobata. Veruzhinji nevadziviriri vekodzero vakatarisana nematambudziko, zvirambidzo zvemutemo, uye kurwiswa, kusanganisira zvirambidzo zvehurongwa hwekuita kwavo mune dzimwe Nhengo dzeNyika. Iyi inzira inoshungurudza yatocherechedzwa mushumo yapfuura.

Kugadzirisa nyaya dzakaonekwa, Komisheni yakapa mazano ane chekuita nekushanda kwehurongwa hwemitemo, kugadzwa nekushanda kwezviremera zvakazvimirira uye nharaunda inogonesa veruzhinji.

Mu nyika dzekuwedzera, matambudziko achiripo maererano nekutevedza kwakarongeka kurudziro dzeOmbudsperson masangano nemamwe masangano akazvimirira. Matambudziko anocherechedzwa zvakare maererano nemhando yekugadzira mutemo uye kubvunzana kwevanoda.

Matanho anotevera

Komisheni ikozvino inokoka Paramende yeEuropean neKanzuru kuti ienderere mberi nekukakavadzana kwakanangana nenyika pahwaro hweshumo iri, vachishandisawo kurudziro kuti vaongorore kuti kufambira mberi kungaitwa sei. Komisheni inodaidzirawo maParamende enyika, masangano evagari vemunyika, nevamwe vane chekuita nekuita uye vatambi, kuti vaenderere mberi nenhaurirano yenyika pamusoro pehutongi hwemitemo, pamwe neEuropean level, nekuwedzera kwekuita kwevagari. Chekupedzisira, Komisheni inokoka nhengo dzenhengo kuti dzitore nemazvo mikana nematambudziko akaonekwa mumushumo, sezvo yakamira yakagadzirira kuvabatsira mukuedza kwavo kuenderera mberi nekuita kwekurudziro.

Sezvo Mutungamiri von der Leyen akazivisa maari Nhungamiro dzezvematongerwo enyika 2024 - 2029, Komisheni icharamba ichivandudza kuongorora kwayo uye kushuma, uye kusimbisa macheki uye zviyero, kunyanya nekutevera kushandiswa kwezvikumbiro. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mushumo unotarisa nyaya dzese muEurope, chiyero cheMusika Umwechete chichawedzerwa kumushumo. Izvi zvichagadzirisa nyaya dzemitemo inobata makambani, zvikuru madiki neari pakati nepakati (SMEs), anoshanda mhiri kwemiganhu.

Kunyika dziri kuwedzera, Komisheni icharamba ichitevera pamusoro pezvinhu zvakaonekwa, kusanganisira mumishumo yayo yegore rinouya pamusoro pekuwedzera. Dzimwe nyika dzekuwedzera dzichaverengerwa muRule of Law Report kana dzagadzirira.

kumashure

Utongi hwemutemo hwakakosha kune wese mugari uye bhizinesi muEU sezvo chiri chisungo chekuremekedzwa kwezvimwe hunhu. Inovimbisa kuti kodzero dzakakosha dzinosimudzirwa zvinoenderana neseti yetsika dzegutsaruzhinji, inovimbisa kushandiswa kwemutemo weEU, uye inotsigira nzvimbo yebhizinesi inoshamwaridzana nekudyara. Icho chikamu chakakosha chekuzivikanwa chaiko kweEuropean Union.

Gore negore Rule yeMutemo Report mhedzisiro yenhaurirano yepedyo nezviremera zvenyika uye vane chekuita uye inovhara ese Nhengo dzeNyika nenyika ina dzekuwedzera pahwaro hwechinangwa chimwe chete uye nzira dzakajeka, tichiongorora nyaya dzakafanana munyika imwe neimwe. Ongororo yemhando yepamusoro yakaitwa neKomisheni inotarisisa zviitiko zvakakosha kubva pakatambirwa gwaro rechina repagore reRule of Law Report mu. July 2023, tichiramba tichienderana nezviri kuitika.

Chirevo chiri pakati pegore Rule of Law Cycle. Kutenderera kwepagore uku kunodzivirira - kunobatsira kusimudzira mutemo uye chinangwa chekuchengetedza matambudziko kubva pakumuka kana kudzika. Yakaparadzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zviri mu EU's Rule of Law Toolbox uye inozadzisa asi haitsivi nzira dzeChibvumirano dzinobvumira EU kuti ipindure kune zvakakomba mutemo wemitemo une chekuita nenyaya munyika dziri nhengo. Zvishandiso izvi zvinosanganisira kutongwa kwekutyora uye maitiro ekuchengetedza hunhu hwekutanga hweMubatanidzwa pasi peChinyorwa 7 cheChibvumirano cheEuropean Union.

Chinyorwa chechishanu chemushumo chinopa kurudziro yakananga kuNyika dzese dzeNhengo, chiitiko chakatangwa muna 2022. Ongororo iyi inewo ongororo yemhando yepamusoro yebudiriro yakaitwa neNyika dzeNhengo mukuita zvinokurudzirwa muna 2023, tichifunga nezve mamiriro Nyika dzenhengo. Zvichienderana nekufambira mberi kwakaitwa pazvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurudziro imwe neimwe, Komisheni yakapedzisa kuongorora kwayo munyaya imwe neimwe ichishandisa mapoka anotevera kutevera zviri kuitika: hapana kufambira mberi, kumwe kufambira mberi, kufambira mberi kwakakosha uye kushandiswa kwakakwana.

Zvikumbiro zvegore rino zvakagadzirirwa zvichibva pakuongorora kuri muzvitsauko zvenyika uye nhaurirano neNhengo dzeNyika pamwe chete nekuremekedza kwakazara nheyo yekuenzana. Mukupa kurudziro, Komisheni yakanyatso kutarisisa kuti irambe yakatariswa uye yakatsiga muEuropean zviyero uye yakafunga nezvemitemo yenyika. Uye zvakare, kuwirirana uye kuwirirana nemamwe maitiro, akadai seEuropean Semester, iyo bhajeti mamiriro ezvinhu uye iyo Recovery uye Resilience Facility, inovimbiswa. Zvinyorwa zveramangwana zveRule of Law Report zvicharamba zvichitarisa kutevedza kwakapihwa kurudziro dzegore rino. Kurudziro idzi dzinofanirwa kuverengerwa pamwe chete neongororo dziri muzvitsauko zvenyika dzinoongorora zvinonetsa uye dzinoitirwa kutungamira nyika dzenhengo kutora matanho ekuzvigadzirisa.

Kubva 2020, zvirongwa zvitsva zvakawanda zveEU zvakasimudza zviyero zvakafanana munzvimbo dzine hukama hwakananga hwehutongi hwemutemo, zvichitora mhedzisiro yekutarisisa mukati mechirevo ichi. Izvi zvinosanganisira European Media Freedom Act uye Anti-Corruption Package, kusanganisira zvikumbiro zvemitemo mitsva yekurwisa huwori muEU uye kusimbaradza mutemo wekutemesa EU nekuda kwehuwori mune zvekunze kweEU.

Kutevera chiziviso mu 2023 State of the Union Address, kubatanidzwa kwedzimwe nyika dziri kuwedzera muRule of Law Report ya2024, pamwe nenyika dziri nhengo, zvichatsigira nhamburiko dzenyika idzi kuti dzive nekufambira mberi kusingadzoreki pautongi hwezvido zvevanhu uye kutonga kwemutemo pamberi pekugadzwa, uye kuvimbisa mipimo yepamusoro isingaperi mushure mekupinda. Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia neSerbia zvino vanotora chikamu muRule of Law Report exercise, zvichiratidza kufambira mberi kwaitwa mukutora kwavo chinzvimbo, vachitarisa kufambisira mberi kwekutonga kwemutemo. Iyi nzira ichawedzerwa kune dzimwe nyika dzekuwedzera mune ramangwana, zvichienderana nekufambira mberi kwadzo.

More mashoko

2024 Rule of Law Report

2024 Rule of Law Report - mutemo wemutemo mamiriro muEuropean Union

2024 Rule of Law Report - Kurudziro

2024 Rule of Law Report - Nyika Zvitsauko

2024 Rule of Law Report - Nyika Chitsauko Abstracts uye Recommendations

2024 Rule of Law Report - Methodology

Iyo yeGore Rule yeMutemo Cycle - Factsheet

Iyo EU's Rule yeMutemo Toolbox - Factsheet

2024 Rule yeMutemo Chirevo - Mibvunzo neMhinduro

Special Eurobarometer 553 paKutonga kweMutemo

Eurobarometer 584 pamaitiro evagari nezvehuori muEU

Eurobarometer 542 pamaitiro emabhizinesi kune huori muEU

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