Kazakhstan inowedzera manejimendi yemvura yedhijitari sezvo kumanikidzwa kwezviwanikwa kuchikura

Kazakhstan iri kuwedzera kutarisa kwedhijitari, kufanotaura mafashamo uye tsvagiridzo yepasi pevhu sezvo ichitsvaga kuchinja kubva pakutarisira mvura nenzira inoshanda kuenda kune system inogona kufanoona njodzi uye kuteedzera mvura nemazvo. Nyika yeCentral Asia iri kutsvaga kuisa mari mudata riri nani kuti ribatsire kugadzirisa mamwe ematambudziko ayo emvura ari kuramba aripo. Kufambira mberi kwekuchinja uku kwakaongororwa pamusangano wakaitwa musi wa4 Nyamavhuvhu pakati peGurukota rezveMvura neKudiridza reKazakhstan Nurzhan Nurzhigitov nemumiriri weUNDP muKazakhstan Katarzyna Wawiernia, Anonyora Assel Satubaldina.

Mapurojekiti akabatana aya anosanganisira hurongwa hwekuyambira madhamu, kuisa madhijitari mumambure ekudiridza, michina mitsva yebasa renyika remvura uye kudzidza kuti zviitwe sei padhamu riri kumabvazuva kweKazakhstan, yakashuma kudaro bazi iri. Chirongwa chinotsigirwa neJapan chiri kubatsira Kazakhstan kusimbisa dziviriro yemafashamo kuburikidza nekutarisira madhamu kwakarongeka. Chirongwa ichi chinosanganisira hurongwa hwekuyambira hweyambiro yemadhamu, kubatanidzwa kwedata rekutarisa muNational Water Resources Information System uye kugadzirwa kwedhatabhesi yedhijitari yezvivakwa zve hydraulic.

Chirongwa ichi chapedza kugadzira sisitimu yekunyevera, kugadzira dhatabhesi yedhijitari uye kugadzira mamodheru emvura anoyerera mvura yekuisa mvura muzvirongo. Chakaedzawo mamiriro emvura kuti chione nzvimbo dzinogona kufashamirwa nemvura. Kazakhstan iri kuitawo kuti minda nemigero yemvura idiridzwe ive yedhijitari munzvimbo dzeAlmaty, Zhambyl, Kyzylorda, Turkistan neZhetisu ive yedhijitari kuti ivandudze kuverenga kwemvura uye manejimendi. Minda yese yekurima nehafu yemigero yekudiridza munzvimbo shanu yave yedhijitari kusvika pari zvino. Chirongwa ichi chakagadzirawo mamepu ehunyoro hwevhu kuti atsigire kuronga kwakarurama kwekudiridza. Pamusoro pezvo, nyika yakagadzira sisitimu yekufungidzira kudiwa kwemvura nekukurumidza ine sevhisi yedhijitari inobvumira varimi kunyorera mvura yekudiridza, kugovera miganhu yekugovera uye kusaina zvibvumirano zvemagetsi.

Pasi pechikamu chekutanga chechirongwa chemvura chinodzivirira mamiriro ekunze, mapazi edunhu reKazhydrogeology national hydrogeological service ari kugamuchira michina yemazuva ano yekuvandudza tsvakurudzo yemvura yepasi pevhu. Kutenga kwakarongwa kunosanganisira muchina wekuona mvura yepasi pevhu, rabhoritari inofambiswa uye gomba rekuchera. Kazakh Research Institute of Water Management muTaraz ichagamuchirawo michina mitsva nemidziyo. Mayuniti makumi matanhatu nematanhatu anotarisirwa kutengwa. Pasi pechibvumirano chezvikamu zvitatu pakati peUNDP, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation neEurasian Development Bank, nzvimbo yekudzidzisa varimi yedunhu iri kugadzirwa muTurkistan Region kukurudzira matekinoroji ekudiridza anochengetedza mvura.

Vabatsiri vari kukurukura nezvemagadzirirwo ezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvenzvimbo iyi uye zvidzidzo zvinoshanda. UNDP iri kugadzirirawo chidzidzo chekushandisa mvura iri murwizi rweKenderlik muEast Kazakhstan Region sechikamu chechirongwa chakakura chekutsigira kudiridza kunoenderera mberi nekusimudzira mabhizinesi. Kazakhstan neUNDP vari kutangawo chirongwa chitsva chinotsigirwa neGlobal Environment Facility chekuvandudza manejimendi ezvakatipoteredza muchikamu cheKazakhstan cheGungwa reCaspian nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Chirongwa ichi chichasanganisira kumepu yezvakatipoteredza, kuronga nzvimbo, kutarisa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kudzoreredza ivhu rakaora. Chichagadzirisawo kusvibiswa kwegungwa nemarara nekuvandudza masisitimu ekugadzirisa marara uye kuyedza mhinduro itsva munharaunda dziri kumahombekombe.

Kunyangwe paine kufambira mberi kwakaitwa, Kazakhstan iri kuramba ichitarisana nematambudziko ekuchengetedza mvura, kusanganisira kudiwa kwekurima. Sekureva kwenhamba dzakaburitswa pawebhusaiti yeUNDP, kubvira mugore ra2000, huwandu hwehupfumi hunobva pa cubic meter yega yega yemvura hwakwira neanopfuura 160%, kubva pamadhora matatu kusvika pamadhora masere. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kukura kwehupfumi kunogona kuwanikwa pamwe nekushandiswa kwemvura zvakanaka. Kazakhstan inobvisa chikamu chimwe muzvina chezviwanikwa zvayo zvemvura yakachena inogona kushandiswazve, asi kumanikidzwa kwemidziyo kuri kuwedzera. Kushaya mvura kwakawedzera kubva pa29% muna 2000 kusvika pa35% muna 2022, zvichireva kuti marita angangoita makumi matatu nemashanu ikozvino ari kushandiswa pamarita zana emvura yakachena inogona kushandiswa mukurima, maindasitiri nedzimba.

Nhamba idzi, kunyange hazvo dzisati dzasvika padanho rakakosha, dzinoratidza kudiwa kwekutonga kwakasimba kwemvura uye kuronga kwakanaka. Pakati pekuchinja kwazvino kwakaitwa nehurumende paive neMutemo mutsva weMvura pamwe chete neConcept for the Development of the Water Resource Management System kusvika 2030 uye Comprehensive Water Sector Development Plan kusvika 2028. Kazakhstan yakatangawo Coordination Council of Partners for Water Sector Development. Ichitungamirwa pamwe chete nebazi rezvemvura neUNDP, yakaunganidza mari inodarika mamiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora. Kukurukurirana kwekugadzira International Water Organisation pasi peUN, chirongwa chakatangwa neKazakhstan, chakatangawo muna Kubvumbi. Pakutanga kwegore rino Katarzyna Wawiernia akapa hurukuro yakasarudzika kuAT. 

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