Makore gumi eEU-Kazakhstan Enhanced Partnership

Kazakhstan neEU dzinopemberera kusvitsa makore gumi kubva pakasainwa Chibvumirano cheEnhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EPCA), chakapera muna Zvita 2015. EPCA yakagadzira hwaro hwemutemo hwakawedzerwa hwehukama hweEU-Kazakhstan.

Ndicho chikonzero Gurukota rezvekunze reKazakh Yermek Kosherbayev (kufananidzwa naKaja Kallas) vakasvika muBrussels ndokusangana naCommissioner Josef Síkela muvhiki yekutanga yaZvita 2025, kuzopindawo musangano wechi22 weKazakhstan-EU Cooperation Council.

Musangano wechimakumi maviri nembiri weKazakhstan-European Union Cooperation Council wakaitwa muBrussels pasi pehusachigaro hweGurukota rezvekunze reKazakh Yermek Kosherbayev uye mumiriri weEU High for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas.

Kubva ipapo, Kazakhstan yave mubatanidzwa wakasimba weEU mudunhu. EU yakasimbisa kuti Kazakhstan yakaratidza kuburikidza nehuwandu hwezviito kuti ishamwari yakakosha kuEurope. Chokwadi, kubatana neEU kunoramba kuri musimboti wemutemo wekunze weKazakhstan. Iyo Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EPCA) inotsigisa hukama hwenyika mbiri hweEU-Kazakhstan, ichipa hwaro hwepamutemo hwekushandira pamwe muzvikamu makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe.

Kudyidzana kuri kukura pakati peKazakhstan neEuropean Union kunobata zvikamu zvakawanda - kubva kushanduko yedhijitari uye kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa kusvika pakutakura, dzidzo, nekudyara.

Ndokusaka, muna Chikumi 2025, Kazakhstan neEuropean Union (EU) vakasimbisa kuzvipira kwavo mukudzika hukama pakati pemusangano wechi22 weKazakhstan-EU Cooperation Committee muPolitical Configuration (CCPC). Musangano uyu wakaitwa pakati paLuc Devigne, Managing Director weEurope neCentral Asia kuEuropean External Action Service, uye Roman Vassilenko, aimbova Mutevedzeri weGurukota reKune dzimwe nyika kuKazakhstan.

"Nhaurirano iyi yakanangana nekuongorora masimba aripo uye kuongorora mikana yeramangwana muhukama hwenyika mbiri, kunyanya kutariswa kunoitwa kweEnhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EPCA) pakati peKazakhstan, European Union, nenyika dzenhengo dzayo," maererano neThe Astana Times.

Kekutanga, European Union yakasaina chibvumirano chakadaro nemudiwa weCentral Asia. EPCA inogonesa EU neNzvimbo dzayo kuti dzifambire mberi nekusimbisa kubatirana pamwe neKazakhstan munzvimbo dzakakosha dzemitemo dzakadai sekusimudzira kutengeserana pamwe nekudyara, kushandira pamwe mukururamisira uye nyaya dzemumba, kudyidzana kwehupfumi nemari, simba, kutakura, nharaunda uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, basa uye nyaya dzemagariro, tsika, dzidzo uye tsvagiridzo, maererano neEuropean External Action Service.

Makore gumi ekubatana kwakasimba, makore makumi maviri nemashanu ehukama hweEU-Kazakhstan.

European Union (EU) neKazakhstan dzakagadzira hukama hwepedyo hwehupfumi nekutengeserana. Iyo EU inoramba iri yeKazakhstan yekutanga investor yekune dzimwe nyika uye mukuru wekutengeserana mubatsiri, achiverengera 32.4% yekutengeserana kwayo kwakazara maererano nedata repamutemo rakapihwa neEuropean External Action Service. Muna 2024, kutengeserana kwenyika mbiri kwakakwira kusvika pamadhora mazana mana nemakumi mana nenomwe emadhora - kuwedzera kwe16.9% kubva muna 2023 - nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kunosvika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nesere. Kutengeserana uku kunosanganisira kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwesimba zviwanikwa uye kutengeswa kunze kwemuchina nemidziyo, sekureva kweEuropean Economic and Social Committee.

Gurukota rezvekune dzimwe nyika Yermek Kosherbayev akasangana neMusoro weNhumwa yeEuropean Union kuRepublic of Kazakhstan, Ambassador Aleška Simkić, vachicherechedza makore gumi ekubatana kwakabatana.

Anopfuura zviuru zvitatu zveEuropean-akabatana mabhizinesi ave kushanda muKazakhstan, achishanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana senge simba, kugadzira, mari, logistics, uye digitalization - kubva kuShell neTotalEnergies kuenda kuSiemens, Airbus neSchneider Electric. Kubva 2005, mari yeEurope muKazakhstan yakapfuura mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora.

Yakakosha Raw Materials: Yakakosha Vector Yekubatana pakati peKazakhstan neEU

Musi wa7 Mbudzi 2022, Mutungamiriri weEuropean Commission Ursula von der Leyen naAlikhan Smailov, Mutungamiriri weKazakhstan, vakasaina Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) pane Strategic Partnership pane Sustainable Raw Materials, Bhatiri, uye Renewable Hydrogen Value Chains.

Pazuva iro, Mutungamiriri weKomisheni Ursula von der Leyen akati:

"Kupihwa kwakachengeteka uye kwakasimba kwezvinhu zvakagadziridzwa, zvinhu zvakanatswa uye haidhirojeni inogona kudzokororwa chinhu chakakosha chekubatsira kuvaka hwaro hutsva, hwakachena hwehupfumi hwedu, kunyanya patinosimuka kubva pakutsamira kwedu pamafuta ezvicherwa. Kudyidzana uku neKazakhstan kunoratidza kuzvipira kweEurope kushanda nenyika dzatinodyidzana nayo pazvisungo zvedu zvekugoverana kune remangwana rakasvibira uye rakasimba rinoenderana neGlobal Gateway Strategy uye zvinangwa zveREPowerEU Plan. Ndinoda kutenda Mutungamiriri weKazakhstan Smailov nekuedza kwavo uye ndinotarisira kubatana kwedu. "

Kudyidzana kwakatarisana nenzvimbo nhatu dzekubatana:

• Kubatana kwepedyo kwehupfumi uye maindasitiri mumaketani ekukosha kwezvinhu, mabhatiri uye renewable hydrogen;

• Kuwedzera kusimba kwezvinhu, bhatiri uye renewable hydrogen kupa cheni;

• Kudyidzana kwepedyo pakati penyika mbiri pakuvaka kugona, hunyanzvi, uye tsvagiridzo & hunyanzvi, maererano neEuropean Commission.

Kazakhstan zvechokwadi inoita basa rakakosha mune zvakakosha raw materials (CRM). Iyo ine makumi matatu nenhatu kubva kune makumi matatu nemana zvinhu zvakaonekwa muEuropean Commission's Critical Raw Materials Act. Nezviwanikwa zvayo zvezvicherwa zvakawanda uye simba rakasimba musimba rinodzokororwa, Kazakhstan yakanyatsoiswa kutsigira kuedza kweEurope kusimbaradza kusimba kwekutengesa muzvikamu zvetekinoroji yakachena.

Sezvo shanduko yesimba repasi rose ichiwedzera, European Union iri kuwedzera nhamburiko dzekuchengetedza zvicherwa zvakakosha zvakakosha kuhunyanzvi hwegirinhi. Pamwoyo weiyi zano pane Kazakhstan, nyika ine zviwanikwa zveCentral Asia iri kuwedzera kutsvakwa nemasimba ekuMadokero. EU ine, semuenzaniso, yakabatanidza iyo Sarytogan graphite deposit, iri munharaunda yeKaraganda yeKazakhstan, mune runyorwa rwezvirongwa zvehurongwa, sekureva kweBazi reIndasitiri neKuvaka renyika.

Munguva yemisangano yakatevedzana yakaitwa muBrussels muna Zvita gore rapfuura, vamiriri veEU nehurumende yeKazakh vakasimbisa kukosha kuri kukura kwekubatana kwavo mumunda wezvigadzirwa zvemhando. Roman Vakulchuk, Musoro weClimate uye Energy Research Group kuNorway Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), akati:

"Kazakhstan ine dzakasiyana siyana dzezvicherwa zvakachengetwa. Chinoita kuti nyika ive yakasiyana chaizvo nekuva pedyo kwezvicherwa zvakasiyana munharaunda yayo. "

Mukupindura kune chido ichi chiri kukura mumaminerari asingawanzoitiki, European Commission yakaronga Raw Materials Week muBrussels kubva munaDecember 9-13, 2024. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, Embassy yeKazakhstan yakaita misangano miviri nekuda kwebasa rinokosha renyika mukutorwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa. Matura eKazakhstan anofungidzirwa kusvika 230 miriyoni metric toni, nepo pasi rose matura anosvika 570 miriyoni metric toni. Iyo zvakare iri pachishanu pasirese yezvinc reserves uye yechisere kune ore reserves, uye iri pakati penyika makumi maviri epamusoro kune zvakasimbiswa zvakachengetwa zvemhangura, cadmium, uye bauxite.

Semuyenzaniso kutengeserana uye bhizinesi zviga zveEPCA zvinovavarira kuve nechokwadi chekutonga kuri nani kumakambani eEU neKazakh munzvimbo dzakasiyana: kutengeserana mumasevhisi, zvigadzirwa uye simba, uye kodzero yepfuma yeruzivo.

Kudyidzana muMunda weMagetsi

Kazakhstan inoramba ichikwezva kutarisisa nekuda kwezviwanikwa zvayo. Nyika yakapfuma muoiri, gasi rechisikigo, marasha, simbi, uye uranium (inoverengera 40% yezvicherwa zvepasirese). Ndiyo inorema yehupfumi hwedunhu, inobata zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveCentral Asia's GDP, sezvakataurwa muARTE chinyorwa cheCentral Asia: PaCrossroads of the Worlds, iyo inosimbisa kuti Kazakhstan iri kuwedzera kudyidzana kwayo nekusimbisa zvibvumirano zvepasi rose uku ichichengeta hukama hwakaenzana nemativi ese.

Kazakhstan ndiyo zvakare EU inonyanya kupa simba renyukireya, inosangana nepamusoro pe21% yekuda kwayo uranium. Zvichakadaro, veEuropean multinationals vari kubatanidzwa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwehydrocarbon yeKazakhstan. Mafuta eFrance negasi makuru TotalEnergies, British-Dutch Shell, uye Italian Eni pamwe chete vanobata inodarika 50% yezvikamu mumunda weKashagan, imwe neimwe iine 16.81%. Eni zvakare inobata 29.25% chikamu mumunda weKarachaganak, nepo Shell ine 50% yemunda weArman, pakati pevamwe.

Kubatana muMunda weGreen Transition

Nhaurirano dzeBilateral pamusoro pezvakatipoteredza nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze dzinoitika pasi peSubcommittee on Energy, Transport, Environment and Climate Change mukati meEPCA framework. Munguva yeGlobal Gateway yakaitirwa muBrussels, gurukota reMasimba eRepublic of Kazakhstan Yerlan Akkenzhenov akadzokorora chinangwa cheKazakhstan chekuzadzisa kusarerekera kwekabhoni ne2060. Mhedzisiro huru yekushanya kwaiva kusaina kweMemoranda yeKubatana nevatungamiri veEuropean Bank zvemari - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) uye European Bank Investment (IBD). Mapepa aya akanangana nekuunganidza mari muzvirongwa zvemudunhu, zvinosanganisira Kambarata-1 Hydropower Plant, zvirongwa zvesimba remagetsi, uye kuvandudzwa kwemagidhi emagetsi.

"Kazakhstan yakasimbisa basa rayo semubatsiri akakosha weEuropean Union mumunda wesimba rinogara”Akanyora kudaro Kalimurzina yeAnews.

Kudyidzana muMunda Wekutakura

Kubatana kwekufambisa kunoonekwa sechimwe chezvakakosha zvakakosha mumamiriro ekudzika kudyidzana kwakawanda kweKazakhstan-EU, sekureva kweEmbassy yeKazakhstan muBrussels. Kazakhstan neEU vakanyatso ongorora kubatana mukati mehurongwa hweGlobal Gateway, kusanganisira chiziviso cheMutungamiriri weEuropean Commission, Ursula von der Leyen Kubvumbi wapfuura maererano nekugovewa kweiyo € 12 bhiriyoni yekudyara pasuru ine chinangwa chekuvandudza zvivakwa.

Kubatana kunoratidzawo zvakanyanya muhurongwa hwavo. Iyo Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, kana kuti "Middle Corridor," iri kuramba ichionekwa senzira inoshanda pamusoro penyika inobatanidza China neEurope kuburikidza neKazakhstan, sezvakataurwa naIsmailov yeTimes.ca (30 Chikunguru 2025).

mhedziso

Makore gumi mushure mekusainwa kweChibvumirano cheKudyidzana uye Kubatana, hukama hweEU-Kazakhstan hunomira semuenzaniso wekudyidzana, hupfumi, uye zvematongerwo enyika muCentral Asia. Yakavakirwa pakuvimbana, zvibodzwa zvakagovaniswa, uye chiono chakafanana chebudiriro yakadzikama, mubatanidzwa uyu unoenderera mberi uchikura munzvimbo nyowani - kubva kune zvakakosha zvigadzirwa uye simba rakasvibira kutakura uye hunyanzvi hwedhijitari. Sezvo mativi ese ari maviri achitarisa kumakore gumi anotevera, EPCA inoramba iri ibwe repakona rehukama hune simba uye hwakatarisana neramangwana hunobatanidza Europe neAsia.

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