Basa Rakakosha reKazakhstan mukuchinja kweGlobal Energy: Kutarisa kuMutungamiri Tokayev's JETP Initiative paCOP28.

Chirongwa chekuda chakaziviswa neMutungamiriri weKazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev pamusangano wemakumi maviri nemasere weMapato (COP28) kuUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) muDubai ine mukana wekugadzirisa zvakanyanya simba repasi rose. Chirongwa ichi - chinoti Joint Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) yeKazakhstan - haingori mutemo wesimba remumba asi hunyanzvi hwekufambiswa kwegwaro repasi rose nekuchengetedzwa kwesimba.

Inozivikanwa nekuchengetera mafuta uye gasi, Kazakhstan yakagara iri mugadziri mukuru wepetrochemical. Iyo JETP yeKazakhstan, zvisinei, ichaenderera mberi nekuisa nyika semutambi akakosha mukushanduka kwepasirese kune anovandudza magetsi masosi. "Sezvo nyika ichiita decarbonises," Tokayev akatsanangura kuCOP28, "zvicherwa zvakakosha zvichange zvisingadzokerike mumakumi emakore ari kuuya. Kazakhstan yakagadzirira kuve mupi mukuru wezvicherwa izvi zvekuchinja." Pasi rose, Kazakhstan inomira pekutanga maererano nehuwandu hwekuchengetedza uye mhando yechrome ores, yechipiri maererano nekuchengetedza uye zviwanikwa zveuranium nesirivheri, uye yechitatu maererano nekuchengetwa kwemutobvu uye zvakasimbiswa zvakachengetwa zvemanganese ore.

Sezvakaziviswa neMutungamiri Tokayev, iyo JETP hurongwa hwakazara hunosanganisira zvibodzwa zvakati wandei zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kugadzirwa kweKazakhstan uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvicherwa zvakakosha, kuisa mari mumatekinoroji emagetsi anogona kudzokororwa, uye kushanda pamwe nevadyidzani vepasirese kugadzira cheni itsva dzekugovera.

Kazakhstan's JETP inosimbisa zvinhu zvakajairika nezvimwe zvakafanana zvepasirese zvirongwa asi zvakare inozvirumbidza yakasarudzika maficha kuKazakhstan. Semuenzaniso, seEuropean Union's (EU) Green Deal, JETP inosimbisawo kuchengetedzwa uye kukura kwehupfumi. Danho iri rinofananidzwa zvakanaka nezviyero zvepasi rose zvakatarwa nemasangano akaita seInternational Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), pamwe neSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) yakavambwa neUnited Nations (UN). Maitiro eKazakhstan nekudaro anoratidza mafambiro epasi rose achisimbisa kugadzikana, kusiyanisa kwehupfumi uye kubatana kwenyika.

Nekune rimwe divi, pakati pemamwe maJETP enyika achangoburwa kana kuti ari kutariswa, danho reKazakhstan rinomira pachena nekutarisa kwaro pakupihwa kwezvicherwa zvakakosha zvakakosha pakuchinja kwesimba tekinoroji inogona kuvandudzwa. Kazakhstan ine zviwanikwa zvakakura zvezvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvicherwa zvakakosha, kuwedzera kune uranium, chinhu chiri kuramba chichikosha chekuchinja kweindasitiri yesimba renyika kune simba renyukireya setekinoroji inogona kudzokororwa inosanganisirwa mukushandurwa kwesimba.

Iko kusimbiswa kwezvicherwa zvakakosha saka kunoisa Kazakhstan munzvimbo yakasarudzika senge inotungamira inogona kutengesa mune renewable simba kukosha cheni. Chokwadi, Mutungamiri Tokayev muhurukuro yavo yakakosha kuCOP28 vakadzokorora chimiro cheKazakhstan semutengesi wepamusoro weuranium pasi rose, izvo zvichabatsira nyika kuita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi pasi rose pasina tsvina yekabhoni.

Kunyanya, aya maminerari akakosha anosanganisira lithium, cobalt uye nickel (zvose izvo zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi); zvisingawanzo pasi, izvo zvinosanganisira boka rezvikamu gumi nenomwe seneodymium, dysprosium uye terbium (yakakosha pakugadzira magineti echigarire anoshandiswa mumhepo turbines uye mota dzemagetsi mota); uye sirivheri, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira solar panel nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwemagetsi conductivity.

Kuratidza kugadzirwa kwakakosha kwenyika, funga kuti pakati pezvicherwa gumi nemasere zvakazivikanwa zviri pamutemo neUnited Kingdom, Kazakhstan iri kutogadzira masere, uye inoronga kutanga mapurojekiti ekugadzirisa mamwe mana (cobalt, lithium, tin uye tungsten) pakati. term.

Danho reJETP, nekushandisa zviwanikwa izvi zvakakosha, haringoenzanise hurongwa hwekukura kweKazakhstan nekuedza kwepasi rose kusimudzira budiriro asi zvakare inoisa nyika semutungamiri mukushandurwa kwesimba rinogoneka, kuvhara mukaha uripo pakati pezviwanikwa zvesimba rekare uye remangwana regirinhi tekinoroji.

Matanho ari muchikamu chesimba anoenderana nebasa reKazakhstan rekugadzirisa dambudziko guru remamiriro ekunze. Muhurukuro yavo yeCOP28, Mutungamiri Tokayev vakasimbisa kuzvipira kwakasimba kwenyika yavo kugadzirisa matambudziko emamiriro ekunze pasi rose. Akaratidzawo kukanganisa kwezvino kusagadzikana kwegeopolitical uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza simba pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kunyanya, akayeuchidza vateereri vake nezverutsigiro rwenyika yake kuchinangwa cheUN chekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye akataura kubvumidzwa kweKazakhstan kweChibvumirano cheParis. Pamwe chete nechirongwa chenyika chekuwana kusarerekera kwekabhoni panosvika 2060, kugamuchirwa kweKazakhstan's Ecological Code nyowani kwakazivikanwa nekukurudzira kushandiswa kwakapararira kwe "green" matekinoroji muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfumi hwenyika.

Mutungamiri Tokayev vakaratidzawo mukana wakakosha weKazakhstan wekushandisa simba remhepo nezuva, pamwe nekugadzira hydrogen yegirinhi. Pamusoro pezvo, akasimbisa kuzvipira kweKazakhstan kuGlobal Methane Pledge, ichiratidza kuzvipira kwayo kugadzirisa rimwe remagasi ane simba egreenhouse anokonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Chitsidzo ichi chine chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitswa kwemethane nechikamu che30% panosvika gore ra2030 zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a2020.

Vachiratidza nzwisiso yakakosha yekubatana pakati pezvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze uye kufambira mberi kwehupfumi, Mutungamiri Tokayev akasimbirira pamusoro pekukosha kwemaitiro akaenzana anobatanidza kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze nebudiriro yenyika. Akasimbisa kudaro, hazvina kunaka kuda kuti hupfumi huri kusimukira hupire budiriro yenyika pamwe nekuvandudzwa muzita rekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze.

Muchidimbu, chiziviso chaPresident Tokayev cheKazakhstan's JETP kuCOP28 chinofanirwa kucherechedzwa semupiro mukuru mukugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nekusimudzira cheni dzepasi rose dzegirinhi. Ichi chirongwa hachingotsigiri kushanduka kweKazakhstan kubva kumagetsi echinyakare kuenda kusimba rinowanikwazve asi zvakare inoisa nyika semutambi wepakati mukushanduka kwesimba repasi rose.

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