Kazakhstan inofarira kugadzikana kweAfghanistan

Sekureva kweKazakh media mishumo, mumiriri weKazakhstan kune Kabul, Alimkhan Esengeldiev, akasangana nemutevedzeri wegurukota rezvekunze muhurumende yeTaliban ye Afuganisitani, Amir Khan Muttaqi, musi wa 26 Mbudzi, 2021, anonyora Akhas Tazhutov, muongorori wezvematongerwo enyika ane Eurasia Ongororo.

Pamusangano uyu, mapato maviri aya akasimbisa kukosha kwekusimudzira kutengeserana pakati penyika mbiri uye akati anoda kuwedzera kudyidzana kwekutengeserana pakati penyika mbiri idzi. Alimkhan Esengeldiev akaratidza kugutsikana kwake nemamiriro ekuchengetedza muguta guru reAfghan uye akakurudzira nharaunda dzepasi rose kuti dzipe rubatsiro rwevanhu kuAfghanistan.

Amir Khan Muttaqi akadzokorora kuzvipira kwevakuru veAfghan kutanga hukama hune runyararo nenyika dzese, kunyanya nenyika dzakavakidzana mudunhu iri. Akaratidzawo kutsunga kwehurumende itsva kudzivirira kubuda kwechero njodzi yekuchengetedza kubva munharaunda yeAfghanistan.

Mwedzi nehafu mushure mokunge Kabul yawira kune vapanduki, kunouya nguva apo matambudziko ekurarama kwemazuva ose ari kuuya zvakare zvakare. Mumwedzi mishoma yadarika, yakaratidzwa nekubviswa kwemauto eWestern mauto uye kutora kweTaliban, Afghanistan yanga yakatarisana nedambudziko rakakura remari nekuda kwekuvharira kuyerera kwerubatsiro rwekunze kunyika. Vagari veAfghan vanotambura nekushomeka kwezvekudya. Kutangwazve kwekuendeswa kwechikafu kuAfghanistan, nekudaro, kwakakosha zvikuru kudzoreredza mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Mamiriro ezvinhu, Kazakhstan inoratidzika kunge ine chikamu chepamusoro mukudzoreredza kugadzikana kwehupfumi muAfghanistan.

Izvi zvinonzwisisika: "KuAfghanistan, uko masimba (kutonga kwezvematongerwo enyika) achangochinja maoko, Kazakhstan ndiyo huru, kana isiri iyo yega mutengesi wezviyo. Uye iyo yaichimbova Soviet republic, zvakare, inotsamira zvakanyanya pane ino nyika. Afghanistan inotora hafu yezviyo zvayo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Sekureva kwaYevgeny Karabanov, mumiriri weKazakhstan's Grain Union (KGU), angangoita 3-3.5 miriyoni matani ezviyo zveKazakh anowanzo kuenda kunyika iyoyo. Pamusoro pezvo, vatengesi veAfghan vakatenga hupfu kubva kuUzbekistan, iyo inogadzirwa neKazakh gorosi " ("Kazakhstan yaizorasikirwa nevatengi vanoverengera makumi mashanu muzana ezviyo zvayo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika"- ROSNG.ru).

Kuchinja kwesimba kunoshamisa mushure mekutora kweTaliban muAfghanistan uye mafambiro akatevera akada kumisa matura ebhanga repakati reAfghan akasiya vatengesi vezviyo veKazakh nekuda kutsvaga vatengi vatsva kwematani anosvika mamirioni matatu egorosi. Asi iri rakanga riri basa rakaoma zvikuru, hongu. Saka hazvishamise kuti Nur-Sultan akazofunga kuti hapana pfungwa yekufamba kubva kumusika weAfghan. Gurukota rezvekurima muKazakhstan Yerbol Karashukeev akadaro munaGunyana 21 kuti nyika yake icharamba ichitengesa gorosi nehupfu kuAfghanistan.

Basa rekutengesa kunze kwenyika rakatanga patsva, bazi rezvekurima rinodaro. Kubva munaGunyana 29, angangoita mazana maviri ezviuru zvematani eupfu uye zviuru makumi matatu nezvitatu zvematani ezviyo akaunzwa kubva kuKazakhstan kuenda kuAfghanistan kuburikidza neUzbekistan.

Sezvakataurwa naAzat Sultanov, director wedhipatimendi rekugadzira nekugadzirisa zvirimwa paBazi rezvekurima, pamusangano mupfupi. "ikozvino hapana dambudziko rekutumira". Akatsanangura Afghanistan se "musika mukuru wezviyo nehupfu hwegorosi kuKazakhstan uye shamwari yedu yehupfu".

Kubva pakuona kwezvido zveKazakh, kuva kweAfghanistan kwechimiro chehunyanzvi haisi nyaya yehukama hwekutengeserana. Uye pane chimwe chinhu chinoda kutariswa kana uchiongorora maitiro eKazakhstan uye marongero akananga kuAfghanistan. Idzi inyaya dzine chekuita nemabasa ekuona kuchengetedzwa kwenyika pamwe nekusimudzira kuwanikwa kwezvigadzirwa zvayo kumisika yepasi rose. 

Maonero, akataurwa naDauren Abayev, anove Mutevedzeri wekutanga weMutungamiriri wePresident Administration weKazakhstan, makore maviri apfuura maererano nenyaya yekutanga, anoramba achinyanya kukosha nhasi. Panguva iyoyo achitaura mukati mechirongwa cheOpen Dialogue terevhizheni chakaburitswa neKhabar TV, akataura pamusoro pekusagutsikana kwevamwe veKazakhstan nemamiriro ezvinhu umo nyika yainzi iri kupa rubatsiro rwakakosha kuAfghanistan pachinzvimbo chekubatsira vagari vayo. mukushaiwa.

Kunyanya akati zvinotevera:"Kazakhstan haisiriyo chete nyika iri kubatsira Afghanistan. Nhasi nyika yose iri kunetseka zvikuru nezvinetso zvenyika ino. Pane tsananguro yazvo. Nharaunda yepasirese inofanirwa kubatsira mukupa nharaunda inodiwa yekudzokera kuAfghanistan mushure memakumi emakore ehondo. Kunze kwekunge izvozvo zvikaitika, kunze kwekunge hupenyu hwemazuva ese hwadzorerwa munyika yasakadzwa nehondo, njodzi yekupindirwa uye kurwiswa nemauto anonyanyisa, kutyisidzira kwekutengesa zvinodhaka uye radicalism inogara yakamira isu tose tisingaonekwe ".

Dauren Abayev akataura kuti muna Chivabvu 2019. Zvakawanda zvachinja muAfghanistan mumakore maviri apfuura. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvichangobva kuitika munyika. Asi ikozvino vanhu veAfghan, kunyange kupfuura kare, vanoda rubatsiro "mukupa nharaunda inodiwa yekudzoka kwemaitiro". Kuziva izvi kwaita kuti zviremera zveKazakh zviuye nechikumbiro chekumisikidza nzvimbo yeUnited Nations yekuendesa rubatsiro kuAfghanistan muAlmaty. 

Nezve nyaya yekuona kuwanikwa kwezvigadzirwa zveKazakh kumisika yepasi rose kuburikidza neAfghanistan, zvinotevera zvinogona kutaurwa. Kazakhstan inyika inowanikwa kuchamhembe kweCentral Asia uye chikamu muEastern Europe. Iyi nzvimbo yeEurasia inzvimbo inenge iri kure nemakungwa nemakungwa enyika. Chero bedzi kutengeserana kwepasirese kwakavakirwa pakutakura zvinhu mugungwa, Central Asia icharamba iri padivi peiyo nyika yehupfumi system.

Asi izvo zvinogona kuchinja nekuda kwechibvumirano chakasainwa neUzbekistan nePakistan muna Kukadzi 2021 kuvaka njanji yemakiromita mazana mashanu nemakumi manomwe nenhatu iyo yaizopfuura nemuAfghanistan uye kubatanidza Termez, guta rekumaodzanyemba kweUzbek, nePeshawar, guta guru rePakistani mudunhu reKhyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Yaizobatanidza dunhu reCentral Asia kune zviteshi zvegungwa reArabia. Izvo zvaizoratidzawo kuitwa kweiyo pfungwa yakagara yakamira yekubatanidza Central Asia neSouth Asia. Kuedza kwakaitwa neUS gore rapfuura kwakawedzera simba idzva mukuitwa kwayo.

The New Delhi Times, mune chinyorwa chakanyorwa naHimanshu Sharma chine musoro wekuti "US kubatanidza South & Central Asia" (Chikunguru 20, 2020), akati: "United States nenyika shanu dzeCentral Asia dzakavimbisa "kuvaka hukama hwehupfumi nekutengeserana huchabatanidza Central Asia kumisika muSouth Asia neEurope". Chirevo chavo chakabatana muWashington pakati paChikunguru chakadaidzira kuti mamiriro eAfghan agadziriswe murunyararo kuitira kubatanidza hupfumi hwenyika dzeSouth neCentral Asia.

Mumusangano wevatatu mukupera kwaChivabvu, United States, Afghanistan, neUzbekistan vakaongorora zvirongwa zvekubatanidza South neCentral Asia kuti dunhu ribudirire. Chirevo chakabatanidzwa chakafumura hurongwa hwekuvaka njanji pakati peCentral Asia nePakistan uye pombi yegesi kuenda kuIndia kuburikidza nePakistan.

Pakistan ingangofanira kusarudza kubva kunzira mbiri dzakafanana dzekutengeserana kunyangwe China yaizonyatsotarisira kuti ipinde muchibvumirano chayo chehupfumi neIran nepo maAmerican angada kuti Islamabad igare yakabatana neSouth neCentral Asia.

Washington yakagadzira boka rinonzi C5+1 rinosanganisira United States, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, neUzbekistan. Rimwe boka rinoshanda richagadzira mukana wekufambisa weAfghanistan, kusanganisira mari kubva kune dzimwe nyika masangano emari emapurojekiti makuru ".

Pamusoro pezviri pamusoro apa, tsinhiro inotevera inofanira kuitwa. Musi waChikumi 30, 2020, Secretary of State weUS neMakurukota ezvekunze eRepublic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, uye Republic of Uzbekistan vakasangana muC5+1 fomati. Vatori vechikamu mumusangano we6-party, sezvakaratidzwa mumusangano wevatori venhau pakupera kwehurukuro, "Takave nenhaurirano yakakura pamusoro pekuedza pamwe chete kuvaka kusimba kwehupfumi uye kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa nekugadzikana muCentral Asia nedunhu. Vatori vechikamu vakaratidza kutsigira kwakasimba kwekuedza kugadzirisa murunyararo mamiriro ezvinhu muAfghanistan uye kuvaka hukama hwehupfumi nekutengeserana huchabatanidza Central Asia nemisika muSouth Asia neEurope ".

Kutaura pachena, izvi ndezveshanduro yechokwadi chepfungwa yekuumba 'Greater Central Asia' kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kweAfghanistan muboka remashure eSoviet Central Asia. Kana ari mapurojekiti chaiwo, pane maviri acho: njanji yekuvaka inobatanidza pakati peCentral Asia nePakistan uye kuiswa kwepombi yegasi kuyambuka Afghanistan nePakistan kubva kuTurkmenistan kuenda kuIndia.

Hapana chitsva muzvirongwa zvakadaro. Chekutanga chazvo — kuvakwa kwenjanji pakati peCentral neSouth Asia — kwakambotaurwa kare muna 1993 pamusangano wevatungamiri venyika dzeECO (Economic Cooperation Organisation) neMutungamiriri wePakistan panguva iyoyo Nawaz Sharif.

Akati: "Kusunungurwa kweAfghanistan uye kubuda kwenyika nhanhatu dzakazvimiririra kubva kune yaimbova Soviet Union idzo dzinogovana zvisungo nesu zvinopa hwaro hwehukama hutsva hunogona kuve huchigadzirisa hupenyu hwehupfumi hwedunhu redu. Iine nzvimbo inosvika 6 miriyoni mativi emakiromita uye huwandu hwevanhu mazana matatu emamiriyoni, ECO iboka rechipiri rakakura kwazvo rehupfumi mushure meEEC Iyo ine nekudaro mukana wekuva akakosha ematunhu ehupfumi boka uye inotova nehurongwa hwekutanga kudyidzana kwakasiyana-siyana pasi pesimba rayo. . Kutanga kwakanaka kwakatoitwa nekuvandudzwa kwemigwagwa, njanji nemhepo.

Sezvineiwo, Pakistan inoona network yayo yenzira dzekubatanidza dzinopedzisira dzabatana nekutengeserana nenyika dzeECO, chinongedzo chinove chakakosha mukuda kwePakistan kupinda muzana remakore rechi21 senyika yechimanjemanje, inofambira mberi uye ine tarisiro. Handina mubvunzo kuti ECO inogona kuzadzisa zvayaigona sesangano rine simba uye rine simba rine hunyanzvi hwevanhu uye kugona kukuru kuchabatsira mukuvandudza hupenyu hwe300 miriyoni vanhu vanogovana ramangwana rakafanana uye magumo akafanana anoenderana ne zviri nani mangwana. Chinangwa chedu pano nhasi ndechekuvaka hukama huripo uye kugadzira masangano anofambisa tekinoroji, kutengeserana uye tsika dzekudyidzana pakati penyika dziri nhengo ”.

Kurudziro yake yekuvaka njanji pakati peCentral neSouth Asia kuburikidza neAfghanistan yakatadza kuwana rutsigiro chairwo munyika dzakakodzera uye yakavharirwa. Parizvino, havasi vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti ndiani akatanga kupa chirongwa chakadaro. Kuvakwa kwenjanji pakati peUzbekistan nePakistan kwaizopa mukana wekutengesa kunze kweKazakhstan zvigadzirwa kuPort of Karachi nePort Qasim iri pedyo. Ndosaka nyika ichifarira zvikuru kuita chirongwa ichi.

Yechipiri—kufambiswa kwepombi yegasi kuenda kuIndia ichipfuura nePakistan—yakagamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe neBridas Corporation, kambani yakazvimirira inobata oiri negasi yaigara muArgentina, muna 1995. Asi hapana kufambira mberi kwakaitwa mukuita basa racho. VaTaliban vanosimuka kutonga muAfghanistan. Uye zvinhu zvose zvakamira. Gare gare, nyika dzinoverengeka mudunhu dzakaedza dzadzokororazve kupa simba idzva kuchirongwa ichi. Hapana anoita seanofunga. Zvakadaro pave nebudiriro shoma kusvika parizvino. Kuedza uku kunozivikanwa seiyo $7.6 bhiriyoni, 1,814km Turkmenista-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India transnational gasi pombi (TAPI). Yaizomhanya kubva kuGalkynysh, iyo hombe gasi gasi muTurkmenistan, kuburikidza neAfghanistan Herat neKandahar, ipapo Chaman, Quetta uye Multan muPakistan isati yaguma kuFazilka, India, pedyo nemuganhu nePakistan.

Pfungwa yeTAPI inodzokera kumashure kwezana ramakore. Muna 1995, Turkmenistan nePakistan dzakagumisa chibvumirano chekunzwisisana. Hurumende yeTurkmen yakatanga kuvaka makore makumi maviri gare gare muna Zvita 2015. Panguva iyoyo Ashgabat yakazivisa kuti chirongwa ichi chaizopedzwa muna Zvita 2019. Asi chakaratidza kuva chimwe chinhu kunze kwechinangwa chakanaka.

Kuitwa kunobudirira kuri kusara kumashure kwezvivimbiso zvehurumende yeTurkmen nekuda kwematambudziko emari. Panguva imwecheteyo inofanira kutaurwa kuti vataridzi vekunze vane ruzivo rushoma rwekongiri nezve kufambira mberi kweTAPI. Iyo purojekiti, kubva ikozvino, inotarisirwa kuuya parukova muna 2023. Hutongi hweTaliban hwavepo uye vatauri vayo muAfghanistan vataura zvakanaka papiipi yeTAPI. 

Achitaura paMusangano wechitatu weGasi Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) wakaitwa muna Mbudzi 23, 2015 muTehran, Gurukota rezvekunze reKazakh Erlan Idrissov akasimbisa kuti Kazakhstan inofarira pombi huru yeTAPI gasi kubva kuTurkmenistan kuenda kuAfghanistan, Pakistan neIndia chero inovakwa. "Nhaurirano dziri kuitika nedivi reIndia nezve mukana wekuwedzera huwandu hwepombi, tichifunga nezve inogona kuwanikwa gasi kubva kuKazakhstan. Nyika yedu yakagadzirira kutakura macubic metres anosvika mabhiriyoni matatu pagore kuburikidza nepombi iyi”, akati. Maonero akadaro anoenderera mberi achishanda.

Zvainyaradza kuona kuti maAmerica aiedza kupa simba idzva pakuitwa kwezvirongwa zvekare. Mubvunzo wasara ndewekuti zvinogona kuzoitwa pakupedzisira here. Hapachina mhinduro kwazviri. Asi chinhu chimwe chine chokwadi. Kutsvaga mapurojekiti aya kutanga pane zvese kunoda kuedza kuvimbisa kuti kune kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan.

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: