Nei dambudziko reAI reKazakhstan ringave risiri rekubvumidzwa, asi kugona

Kazakhstan iri kufamba nekukurumidza kuisa njere dzekugadzira pakati pehurongwa hwayo hwekuvandudza hupfumi, ichiisa mari muzvivakwa zvemakomputa, hunyanzvi, makambani matsva uye matekinoroji emutauro weKazakh sezvo hurumende pasi rese dzichikwikwidzana nenzvimbo muhupfumi huri kubuda hweAI, anonyora Assel Satubaldina.

Kazakhstan ine hurongwa hweAI huri kuramba huchikura. Hurumende yakaita kuti AI ive chikamu chehurongwa hwayo hwekuvandudza hupfumi, ichitarisira kuti inogona kuvandudza mabasa everuzhinji, kukwezva mari uye kubatsira nyika kugadzira kukosha kunopfuura kuvimba kwayo nemidziyo. Yave ichidyara mari yakawanda mumakombiyuta, kudzidziswa, makambani matsva, uye mamodheru emitauro yeKazakh. Pamusangano wechi38 weCouncil yeVaridzi Vekunze muna Chikunguru, Mutungamiriri Kassym-Jomart Tokayev akataura pachena kuti kubatanidzwa kweAI muhurongwa hwekudyara mari hwehurumende "chinhu chakakosha zvikuru". 

Hurumende yakagamuchira Kodhi yeDigital uye mutemo wehungwaru hwekugadzira, yatanga hurongwa hweDigital Qazaqstan, yagadza Ministry of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development, uye yakasarudza gore ra2026 seGore reUngwaru hwekugadzira neKuvandudza Dhijitari. Kukurudzira uku kunouya panguva iyo AI iri kuva indasitiri huru yepasi rose uye sosi yakakosha yesimba rehupfumi nehurongwa. UN Trade and Development inofungidzira kuti musika wepasi rose weAI uchakwira kubva pamadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi masere nemapfumbamwe muna 2023 kusvika pamadhora zviuru zvina nemazana masere ($4.8 trillion) panosvika gore ra2033. Uku kuwedzera kwakapetwa ka25 mumakore gumi chete. 

Pasi rose, kurudziro yeAI yakakamurwa pakati penyika shoma. Mari yeUS yeAI yega yakasvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi masere nematanhatu muna 2025, kanopfuura ka23 kupfuura mwero weChina, zvichienderana neStanford University's 2026 AI Index. Mari yeAI yemakambani epasi rose yakapetwa kaviri muna 2025, nepo makambani ega akagadzira anopfuura 90% yemamodeli eAI anozivikanwa egore. Kune hupfumi huri kusimukira, kuwanda kwezvivakwa zveAI munyika shoma kunogona kuita kuti rudzi urwu ruite serunodhura, tisingatauri kuti kudzidzisa mamodheru emitauro mikuru kunoda simba guru remakomputa, magetsi, kubatana uye mari. Kazakhstan haingakwikwidzane neUnited States kana China padanho repamusoro reindasitiri yeAI uye haifanirwe kudaro. Nyanzvi dzinoti mukana wayo uri mukubatanidza matekinoroji eAI epasi rose nehunyanzvi hwemuno, ukuwo ichivaka kugona kwayo munzvimbo umo kuvimba kunokonzera kushaya simba kwehupfumi kana kwehurongwa.

Nheyo yakasimba
Kukurudzira kweAI kwenyika kunovaka kubva mumakore eruzivo rwayo rwekushandisa matekinoroji edhijitari padanho rakasiyana. Matekinoroji epamusoro ari kuramba achibatanidzwa mumabasa ehurumende nemabhanga. "Pari zvino, kunyanya mukushandiswa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira mu fintech, Kazakhstan ndeimwe yenyika dziri kufambira mberi zvakanyanya pasi rose," Huseyin Atakan Varol, mutungamiriri weSchool of Computing and Artificial Intelligence uye director weInstitute of Smart Systems and Artificial Intelligence paNazarbayev University, akaudza The Astana Times. Akanongedzera kumatekinoroji anosanganisira kusimbiswa kwemaoko uye vabatsiri vebhangi vane simba reAI semienzaniso yekuti maturusi edhijitari apinda nekukurumidza sei muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zviratidzo zvepasi rose zvinotaura nyaya yakafanana asi zvakare zvinoburitsa kusasimba kwakakosha.

Kazakhstan iri panhamba yegumi pasi rose pamabasa ehurumende epamhepo, zvichienderana nenhamba dzeWorld Intellectual Property Organization. Asi iri panhamba yegumi neshanu pakushanda pamwe chete kwemayunivhesiti nemaindasitiri uye panhamba yegumi nembiri pabasa rekutengeserana pakati pemakambani nemakambani zvichienderana nehukuru hwehupfumi hwayo. Dr. Varol vakati Kazakhstan ichiri kugovera chikamu chidiki chehupfumi hwayo kutsvagurudzo nebudiriro, nehurumende ichipa mari yakawanda iyoyo. Kunyange hazvo mari inoshandiswa pasainzi yakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura, mari inoshandiswa pakutsvaga nebudiriro haisviki pa1%. "Inenge mari yese iyi inobva kuhurumende, shoma kubva kumakambani akazvimirira," akadaro. "Saka chaizvoizvo, maindasitiri, dzidzo, kudyidzana kwehurumende, chimiro che triple helix hachisati chashanda zvizere muKazakhstan."

Izvozvo zvinogona kuva chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvakakosha pazvinangwa zveKazakhstan zveAI. Kunyange hazvo hurumende ichigona kuumba masangano, kutenga zvivakwa zvemakomputa uye kudzidzisa nyanzvi, kuvaka hupfumi hwekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva kunoda zvakawanda. Nzvimbo yeAlem.AI muAstana yakagadzirirwa kubatsira kuvhara mukaha iwoyo nekubatanidza dzidzo, tsvakurudzo, makambani matsva nemakambani. "Tine zvinangwa chaizvo uye zviri nyore. Chekutanga ndechekuvaka nharaunda yenyanzvi, dzisingangoshandisi chete asi dzinonzwisisa kuti AI chii chaizvo. Zvinoreva kuti tinodzidzisa mapoka akasiyana," Alyona Slavkina, mukuru weAlem.AI Development Office, akaudza. Iyo Astana Times. 

Nharaunda iyi inofanirwa kusanganisira vana vechikoro, vadzidzi, vashandi vehunyanzvi, vaongorori nevanoita zvemabhizinesi. Pfungwa ndeyekugadzira nzira kubva pakutanga kusangana neAI kusvika padzidzo, kutsvagisa uye pakupedzisira kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemabhizinesi. Dambudziko, zvisinei, nderekuti AI iri kuchinja nekukurumidza kupfuura masisitimu edzidzo akajairwa. Olzhas Urazalin, mukuru weTomorrow School, akati matekinoroji nezvishandiso zvekuvandudza zvinogona kuchinja mukati memwedzi, nepo mapurogiramu edzidzo anowanzo da makore kuti achinje. "Vazhinji vakapedza kudzidza vane ruzivo rwakasimba rwedzidziso, asi ruzivo rushoma kwazvo rwekushanda nezvishandiso zvemazuva ano zveAI, seti dzedata chaidzo, uye kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa."

\Izvi zvechokwadi zvinogadzira musiyano pakati pekudzidza nekugadzira. Nyanzvi dzechidiki dzinowanzo dzidza mashandisirwo emhinduro dzeAI dziripo, asi hadziwanzowana mukana wekunzwisisa kuti masisitimu aya anovakwa sei, kana kuti magadzirirwo matsva,” akadaro Urazalin. Chikoro cheMangwana chakavakirwa pamhando imwe. Vadzidzi vanodzidza zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemapurojekiti kwete hurukuro dzemazuva ese uye vanoshanda pamatambudziko chaiwo anounzwa muchirongwa nemabhizinesi. Chirongwa ichi hachina muripo, chinoshanda kwemwedzi gumi nemisere uye chakavhurika kune vanonyorera vasina ruzivo rwetekinoroji yechinyakare. "Mukufunga kwangu, Kazakhstan inofanira kutarisa pakugadzira, kutanga, vagadziri, kwete vatengi vetekinoroji yeAI chete," akadaro, achisimbisa tarenda, zvivakwa, uye kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese sezvinhu zvinokosheswa. 

Nzira dzekuvandudza
Dr. Varol vanotsanangura nzira mbiri dzakakura dzekuvandudza tekinoroji. Imwe ndeyekusimudzira kwevagari vemo, iyo inoda mari yakawanda, nguva uye kuzvipira kwenguva refu. Imwe yacho ndiyo yaanoti "kudzoreredza tekinoroji," kushandisa matekinoroji akatogadzirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kune Kazakhstan, Varol akati kugadzira AI kunoda zvinhu zvemaitiro ese ari maviri. "Tave tichikurukurirana uye tichikurukura zvakawanda nezvenzira yakanakisa yeKazakhstan, kunyanya mukuvandudza matekinoroji ekugadzira AI. Kukurukurirana kwedu mukati memo kwaigara kuchiratidza kuti tinofanira kugadzira matekinoroji aya evagari vemo," akadaro. 

Varol akasimbisawo kuti kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwemuno hakusi kwekuva nemodhi chete, asiwo kugadzira boka renyanzvi dzine hunyanzvi dzinogona kuzopinda mumakambani matsva, makambani akasimbiswa uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvekutengeserana. Zviitiko zvichangobva kuitika zvakaratidzawo kuti mukana wekuwana matekinoroji ekune dzimwe nyika unogona kurambidzwa nehurumende. Muna Chikumi, hurumende yeUS yakaisa kwenguva pfupi mitemo yekutumira kunze kwenyika ichirambidza zvizvarwa zvekune dzimwe nyika kuwana mamodheru eAnthropic eFable 5 neMythos 5, kusanganisira vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika veAnthropic pachayo. "Vagadziri vematekinoroji aya vanogona kumisa mukana wako wekuwana matekinoroji aya uye izvi zvinogadzira njodzi huru yekuvimba," akadaro Dr. Varol. 

Zvisinei, kuzvitonga kwetekinoroji hakufanirwe kuvhiringidzwa nekuzvimiririra kwetekinoroji. Mohamed Eissa, mukuru wekudyara mari kuInternational Finance Corporation, akasimbisa kuti izvi zvinotsanangura kuti nei misika iri kubuda isingakwanise kukwikwidza zvakananga padanho iroro reindasitiri. "Hausi kuona maLLM [mhando dzemitauro mikuru] achigadzirwa mumisika iri kubuda nekuti unoda compute, connection, simba," akadaro Eissa. "Zvinhu izvozvo mipata mikuru yezvivakwa mumisika iri kubuda." Asi anosiyanisa zvakakosha pakati pekuvaka zvivakwa zveAI nekushandisa AI.

Akataura nezvekambani yeAI iri kukura nekukurumidza mukugadzira zvinyorwa yakabva kuKazakhstan semuenzaniso. "Asi uchishandisa AI mumisika iri kusimukira, haufanirwe kuivaka kuti ukwanise kuishandisa. Iyoyo mukana mumisika iri kusimukira: kuwana vanhu vane hunyanzvi vane hunyanzvi hweICT hwakanaka, vakatarisa padambudziko rebhizinesi uye ikozvino vane maturusi ekukwikwidzana neSilicon Valley," akadaro panguva yeThe Development Podcast paWorld Bank Group YouTube channel. 

Izvozvo zvingava imwe yemikana yakakosha kuKazakhstan. Sekureva kwake, mumisika iri kubuda, mukana mukuru ungave kushandiswa kweAI kumabhizinesi aripo kare. Saizvozvowo, muKazakhstan, kukanganisa kweAI mune zvehupfumi hakufanirwe kuenzaniswa chete nehuwandu hwevagadziri vemapurogiramu, maAI matsva kana ma laboratori ekutsvagisa anogadzira nyika, asi pane kuti tekinoroji iyi iwedzere here kubudirira muhupfumi hwese. 

Simba riripo
Dr. Varol vakati mamwe mashandisirwo eAI ari muzvikamu uko nyika yatove neruzivo. Migodhi, simba uye logistics ndezvimwe zvacho. "Kazakhstan ndeimwe yenyika dzakapfuma zvikuru maererano nemigodhi nezviwanikwa zvechisikigo, asi zvizhinji zvezviwanikwa izvi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvine kukosha kushoma kune dzimwe nyika," akadaro. Kushandisa AI netekinoroji yedhijitari mumaindasitiri iwayo, akadaro, kunogona kubvumira Kazakhstan kugadzira kukosha kwakawanda kubva kuzviwanikwa vasati vabuda munyika. Kune nzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha, zvisinei, uko Kazakhstan ine zvikonzero zvakasimba zvekuchengetedza kugona kwemuno. Dr. Varol vakati mibvunzo pamusoro pekuti ruzivo rwunogadziriswa nekuchengetwa kupi inonyanya kukosha kana masisitimu eAI achishandiswa nemakambani kana masangano ehurumende.

"Kazhinji, ndinotenda kuti izvi zvakakoshawo zvikuru maererano nekuzvitonga kwenyika," akawedzera. Mutauro une nzira yakasiyana yekuvimba. Masisitimu eAI epasi rose anodzidziswa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwedata, asi mitauro inomiririrwa zvisina kuenzana mumadata iwayo. Dr. Varol vakati inenge hafu yezvinyorwa zvepa internet zvinowanikwa pachena zviri muChirungu, zvichienzaniswa ne0.03% chete muKazakh. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugadzira AI yemutauro wechiKazakh inotanga nguva refu modhi isati yadzidziswa. ISSAI, iyo yakavambwa muna 2019, yakagadzira LLM yekutanga yenyika muna 2024. Vachishandisa ruzivo rwesangano iri, Dr. Varol vakatsanangura kuti vaongorori vanofanira kutanga vaunganidza zvinyorwa nedzimwe data, kubvisa zvinhu zvisina kunaka, kuronga ruzivo uye kushandura kuita mafomati akakodzera kudzidza kwemuchina. Vaongorori vakatarisana nerimwe dambudziko kana modhi yadzidziswa kuti ingaziva sei kana ichinyatsonzwisisa mutauro wacho. "Nekuti nzira inogamuchirwa pasi rose yekuita izvi inonzi model benchmarking uye ma model benchmarks ese ari mumutauro weChirungu kana weChinese, asi hapana aive mumutauro weKazakh. Chaizvoizvo, takagadzirawo seti yedata rekuenzanisa mabhenji," akadaro. 

Kuvandudzwa kweLLM yeKazakhstan kunoratidza imwe bhenefiti yekuvandudzwa kweAI yemuno. Maitiro acho pachawo anogadzira hunyanzvi. Chikwata ichi chaifanira kutsvaga nekudzidzisa nyanzvi uku vachidzidza kushandisa zvivakwa zvemakombiyuta zveAI zvine ma node akawanda, hunyanzvi hwaisamboshandiswa padanho iroro. Saka kukosha kwechirongwa ichi kunopfuura muenzaniso wachakagadzira. Chakabatsira kuvaka boka revanjiniya vane ruzivo muzvivakwa uye mashandiro anodiwa pakuvandudzwa kweAI yepamusoro. Saka hurongwa hweAI hweKazakhstan hahudi kusarudza pakati pekuzvimiririra kwetekinoroji uye kuvimba nemapuratifomu epasi rose. Basa rechokwadi nderekuona kuti ndeapi masimba ayo nyika inoda kudzora, matekinoroji api ainogona kupinza zvinobudirira uye kuti AI inogona kugadzira kupi kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi.

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