Europe yakatarisana nenguva yakakosha mukukakavadzana kwefodya yepasi rose uye nicotine

Sezvo hurumende dzichigadzirira WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) COP11 uye neMeeting of the Parties (MOP4) muGeneva kubva 15-22 Mbudzi, Europe inozviona yakapatsanurwa pamusoro pekuti panofanira kuenda kupi mukudzora fodya uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvechikakananda - kuenzanisa hutano hweveruzhinji, zvido zvemari, uye pesvedzero yeindasitiri ine simba.

Mharadzano yekudzora fodya pasi rose

Kwapera makore anoda kusvika makumi maviri mushure mekunge WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) yatanga kushanda, nhumwa dzinobva kunyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi masere dzichaungana kuGeneva kuti dzione mafambiro epasi rose pamwe nekuona matanho matsva ekumisa kushandiswa kwefodya.

Misangano, inoitwa kubva 15–22 Mbudzi 2025, uyai panguva chaiyo. Hurongwa uhu hunosanganisira zvikumbiro zvekurambidza kushambadza kwakasimba, kurongedza zviri pachena, mutero wakakwira wemitero, uye kutarisisa kwakasimba kwezvinhu zviri kubuda nicotine zvakaita sefodya ye e-fodya nefodya inopisa.

Panguva imwe, Nyika dziri muEU dziri kuzeya nyaya yekuti danho reEurope rekurambidza fodya rinofanirwa kusvika papi, sezvo Brussels inopedzisa chinzvimbo chayo cheCOP11 uye inogadzirira gadziridzo dziri kuuya kune Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) uye Tobacco Excise Directive (TED). Mhedzisiro kubva kuGeneva inogona kukanganisa maitiro emitemo kwemakore anotevera.

Nhamba dziri shure kwegakava

Fodya inoramba iri iyo inonyanya kukonzera kufa kunodzivirirwa muEuropean Union, inokonzera fungidziro 700,000 vanofa pagore, maererano nedata reWHO. Kusvuta kwehuwandu hunomira zvishoma 23-25 muzana, kunyange zvazvo nhamba dzichisiyana-siyana - kubva pasi pe10 muzana muSweden, iyo yakagamuchira zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvechikakananda, kusvika kune inopfuura 35 muzana mumativi eEastern Europe neBalkan.

Kushandiswa kwefodya pasi rose kwadzikira nechikamu chimwe muzvitatu kubva muna 2000, asi budiriro haina kuenzana. Kukurumidza kusimuka kwe itsva nicotine delivery systems - zvinosanganisira mavhapesi, mapochi echikakananda uye midziyo yefodya inopisa - yamutsa gakava pamusoro pekuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvinobatsira here vanoputa kurega kana kungogadzira nzira nyowani dzekupindwa muropa, kunyanya pakati pevechidiki.

Diverging philosophies: Kukuvadza kuderedza maringe nekurambidza

Nyanzvi dzezvehutano hweveruzhinji dzinoramba dzakakamurwa pamabatiro akanaka ekurapa nicotine matekinoroji. Mamwe masayendisiti eEurope uye vatongi, kunyanya mu United Kingdom neSweden, murevereri a kukuvadza-kuderedza muenzaniso, zvichikurudzira kuchinja kubva kumidzanga inogona kutsva kuenda kune imwe isingakuvadzi. Vamwe, kusanganisira mukati meWHO uye nyika dzinoverengeka dzenhengo dzeEU, vanoyambira kuti indasitiri-inosimudzirwa zvigadzirwa zvine njodzi kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwe nicotine uye kuderedza makumi emakore ekufambira mberi pakurwisana nekusvuta.

PaCOP11 uku kupatsanurwa kwehuzivi kungangomuka mumakakatanwa pamusoro Chisungo 5.3 yeFCTC - kuchengetedza mutemo kubva mukukanganiswa kwemaindasitiri - uye kana novel products inofanira kutarisana neganhuriro dzakafanana nedzefodya. WHO inokurudzira kudzora kwakasimba, ichitaura nezvekutora kwevechidiki; zvikwata zvemaindasitiri zvinopokana nazvo kuti kudzora zvakanyanya kunogona kusundidzira vanoputa kumidzanga uye kukanganisa hutsva.

European Commission iri kuongororwa

MuEU, mabatiro anoita European Commission pamusoro pefodya nechikakananda anoita kuti zvose zvirumbidzwe uye kushorwa.

Vatsigiri vekutonga kwakasimba vanoona Komisheni yakazara mutero uye kurambidzwa kwekushambadzira sezvakakosha kuhutano hweveruzhinji. Asi mapoka emagariro evanhu akadai se European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP) Kutya kuti kuregedzerwa kwemamwe maNGO anoshanda erubatsiro kwave kunetesa kurudziro yakazvimirira, zvichisiya mukana indasitiri pesvedzero.

Zvichakadaro, nyika dzakawanda dziri nhengo - dzinosanganisira Italy, Romania, neBulgaria - dzakapomedzerwa nevaratidziri mhosva yekuramba matanho akasimba nekuda kwefodya yemumba.

MuPoland, masangano evarimi vefodya akaronga kuratidzira kwevarimi munyika yose muguta guru renyika musi weMuvhuro 3 Mbudzi 2025. Maererano nemishumo yakasiyana-siyana yenhau dzomunzvimbomo, varimi vari kunyevera kuti kuchinja nemirau yakarongwa neWorld Health Organization (WHO) neEuropean Commission (EC) zvingatungamirira kukuputsika kurimwa kwefodya muPoland. 

Mugwaro ravaburitsa, masangano aya aratidza kushushikana zvikuru nezviri kuitika izvi akakurudzira hurumende kuti itore matanho nekukasika nguva isati yakwana. Zvakadaro, varongi vakasimbisa kuti zviito zvavo hazvisi "kupikisa hurumende".

Pasi peEuropean Commission yakagadziridzwa kuTobacco Excise Directive (TED), mafekitari emumba anozodikanwa kuti ape madhipoziti makuru ekuchengetedza - anosvika PLN 300 miriyoni (inenge EUR 80 miriyoni) pagore pane chimwe chinhu. Varimi vanoti danho iri rinogona kukonzera kubhuroka kwese chikamu chese.

Makakatanwa aya ari munyika dzakasiyana ari kuumba mubatanidzwa weEU kuGeneva.

Kubva pakuda kunyorwa kuenda ku "kupfava" kubvumirana

Yakaburitswa EU dhizaini chinzvimbo chemusi wa7 Gumiguru 2025 yakaratidza zvikumbiro zvinosvika kure: zvinogoneka kurambidza kusefa kwefodya, flavour zvinorambidzwa pazvigadzirwa zvese zvefodya, kuburitsa pachena kwemugadziri, uye kusanganisirwa kwemidziyo yese yechikakananda mukati meFCTC framework.

Zvisinei, maererano nemishumo yakazotevera kubva Table.Media uye mamwe masosi eBrussels, a "chikumbiro chakapfava" yakatenderedzwa kuNhengo dzeNyika, ichitsiva zvisungo zvakati wandei nemutauro wakangwarira, wekuziva.

• Manongedzero echirambidzo chesefa chainzi akatsiviwa nemashoko okuti “kuderedza kusvibiswa kwesefa.”
• Kurambidzwa kunosungirwa kuravira kwakava "kufunga kwemutemo pazvinenge zvakakodzera."
• Mutauro unobata zvigadzirwa zvese zvechikakananda zvakafanana nefodya wakagadziridzwa kuita “nyaya-ne-nyaya, nzira ine humbowo.”

Kuchinja kunoratidza kushushikana kwehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika pakati penyika dzeEU, dzine nyika dzekugadzira dzinopikisa kurambidzwa zvachose uye vamiriri-kuderedza kukuvadza vachitsvaga musiyano wezvigadzirwa zvine njodzi yakaderera.

Kushanduka uku kunosimbisa kuti nhaurirano dzemukati meEU dzinogona sei kushatirisa chishuvo cheveruzhinji-hutano nepragmatism - simba rinogona kunge richiratidzwa muGeneva.

Huru hwefodya yekusanduka

Makambani efodya echinyakare akazvimisa zvakare se“isina kuputa"Kana kuti"kuderedza-ngoziVanopikisa kuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvehutano hweveruzhinji nekupa vatengi sarudzo dzisingakuvadzi.

Vatsoropodzi vanopokana kuti zvirevo zvakadaro zvinoramba zvichitsamira papurofiti yefodya uye vanoyambira nezve nhamburiko dzekuita. kunonoka kana kuderedza mutemo kuburikidza nekutsvaga, mishandirapamwe yePR, uye mari yekutsvakurudza kwakasarudzwa.

Iyo WHO's tekinoroji mishumo kuCOP11 inosimbisa njodzi idzi, ichikurudzira kungwarira mukushandisa Chinyorwa 5.3 "kudzivisa kunetsana kwechido pakati pemutemo wehutano nezvido zvekutengesa."

Zviyero zvezvemari uye zvehupfumi

Kunze kwehutano, fodya inoramba iine mari yakakosha: mitero yeEU inowanda € 70 bhiriyoni pagore. Vagadziri vemitemo vanofanirwa kuenzanisa mitengo inodzivisa kutengeserana kusiri pamutemo uye kupinda mumiganhu zvisiri pamutemo, kunyanya apo mutero unosiyana.

Iyo inopfuurira Kudzokororwa kweTobacco Excise Directive (TED) ine chinangwa chekuvandudza mitemo yezvigadzirwa zvitsva zve nicotine. Vatsigiri vehuwirirano vanoti mwero wakaderera ungavhara maburi; vanopikisa vanoyambira kuti kufanana kwakanyanyisa kunogona kuremedza hupfumi hudiki kana kukuchidzira musika mutema.

Zvemagariro evanhu uye pachena

Sarudzo yeENSP yekuitisa musangano wayo we2025 muBelgrade, kunze kweEU, inomiririra kuchinja kuri kuitika pakati peBrussels nemaNGOs ezveutano hweveruzhinji. Magweta anoti kuderedzwa kwemari yeEU kunokanganisa kugona kwavo kurwisa kubiridzira kwemaindasitiri panguva yakakosha.

Zvichakadaro mapoka ekuita pachena anoda kuti vanhu vatevedzerwe zvakanyanya Chisungo 5.3 zvinosungirwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti misangano pakati pevakuru veEU nevamiriri veindasitiri yaburitswa. Komisheni inochengetedza kuita kwayo mitemo kunoramba kuri pachena uye kwakazvimirira.

Chii chekuona muGeneva

Nhume kuCOP11 neMOP4 dziri kutarisirwa kuita gakava:

• Global tax harmonization uye kuwedzera kune zvitsva zvigadzirwa;
• Kuitwa kweIllicit-Trade Protocol uye kusununguka kwemaitiro ekutevera-uye-trace;
• Kudzorwa kwe e-fodya, nicotine pouches, uye inopisa-fodya zvishandiso;
• Matanho ezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira zvirambidzo zvinobvira pamasefa efodya;
• Kudzivirirwa kwekugadzirisa mitemo kubva kune zvekutengeserana pasi peChinyorwa 5.3;
• Kutsigira nyika dzichiri kusimukira kuchinja kubva pakurima fodya.

Zvibvumirano zvemukati zveEU zvinoona kuti inotsigira zvakasimba sei matanho aya padanho repasi rose.

Nguva inogadzirisa asi ine nuanced

Kune vanogadzira mitemo, masayendisiti, uye masangano akazvimirira, misangano yeGeneva inotaridza nguva yakakosha mukutsanangura chikamu chinotevera chefodya uye chikakananda. Dambudziko reEurope riri mukuyananisa kuchengetedzwa kwehutano nehutsva uye nekuona kuti mutemo weramangwana - ungave unorambidza kana kukuvadza-wakavakirwa - unoramba uchitungamirwa nehumbowo uye pachena.

Chii chinoitika pakati 15 na22 Mbudzi haizopesvedzeri chete mutemo wezveutano pasi rose asiwo kuvimbika kweEU semutungamiri mukurwisa zvirwere zvine chekuita nefodya.

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