Nyanzvi dzezvehutano hweveruzhinji dzepasi rose dzinoyambira nezvemutero wakakwira wechikakananda

83 nyanzvi dzinotungamira dzezvehutano hweveruzhinji dzinoratidza kushushikana kwakanyanya pamusoro peongororo yeEuropean Commission yeTobacco Excise Directive (TED). Vanotaura kuti kubhadharisa mitero isingabvisi utsi nenzira yakafanana nefodya inobvira idanho rinopokana nouchapupu hwesayenzi, rinoderedza nhamburiko dzoutano hwevoruzhinji, uye rinodzivirira kutengeswa kwefodya kunouraya.

Nhasi (1 Gunyana), mubatanidzwa we83 nyanzvi dzepasi rose muhutano hweveruzhinji, kutsamira nicotine, uye kutonga kwefodya kwatumira tsamba yakashama kuMutungamiriri weEuropean Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, yambiro pamusoro pechirongwa chakarongwa chekutemera mutero mutsva pazvinhu zvisinganyanye kukuvadza nicotine senge e-fodya, zvigadzirwa zvefodya inopisa, uye mabhegi echikakananda.

Tsamba iyi yakanangana nenhaurwa dzeruzhinji dzeEU dzinoratidza kuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvinokonzeresa njodzi dzehutano dzakafanana nekuputa, ichidaidza chinzvimbo ichi "kusiyana kwakakosha kubva pahwaro hwehumbowo-hwakavakirwa hutano hweveruzhinji" uye nzira yekusaziva.

Kuti vatsigire nyaya yavo, nyanzvi dzinoratidza akati wandei epasirese mienzaniso yezvakabudirira zvehutano hweveruzhinji zvinotungamirwa nekuderedza kukuvadzwa kwefodya, kunyanya Sweden, United Kingdom neNew Zealand.

Vanosaina vanokurudzira Komisheni kuti igamuchire nzira yesainzi-yakavakirwa pakutonga inosiyanisa pakati pezvigadzirwa zvinopisa uye zvisingabatike, zvichibva zvawedzera mukana wakakura wekuderedza kukuvadza kuponesa hupenyu uye kuderedza mutoro wechirwere chine chekuita nekuputa, icho parizvino chinokonzeresa kufa kwe700,000 nguva isati yakwana muEU gore rega rega.

Tsamba iyi yakasainwa nemasangano anotungamira ekurapa uye ekuderedza kukuvadza, anosanganisira European Tobacco Harm Reduction Advocates (ETHRA), International Association for Smoking Control and Harm Reduction (SCOHRE), uye Spanish Medical Platform yeFodya Kuderedza Kukuvadza (PRDT).

Muzvinafundo Konstantinos Farsalinos(MD, MPH), ane mukurumbira pakuderedza kukuvadzwa kwefodya, akatora danho iri, akashora zvikuru maitiro eKomisheni:

"Iyo nheyo inokosha kuti mitemo yese yehutano hwevanhu-kunyanya kana ine chokuita nefodya-inofanira kumira pahupupuriro hwezvesayenzi hwakanakisisa, maererano nekuzvipira kweEuropean Commission kumutemo unotungamirirwa nedata. Zviri maererano kuti kutaurirana kwevanhu munguva pfupi yapfuura kubva kuvakuru vakuru, kusanganisira Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare, kunobva zvakanyanya kubva pamusimboti uyu. Vachitaura kuti kukuvadza kunokonzerwa nekusasvuta kusingakuvadzi kune zvigadzirwa zvesainzi kunokonzerwa nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwefodya kune chibvumirano chekugadzirisa zvinhu. Zvinoratidza kusanzwisisana kukuru mukati meKomisheni pamusoro pehutano hweveruzhinji hwezvigadzirwa izvi uye, zvinosuwisa, zvinoparadzira mafungiro asiri iwo anowanzoonekwa pakati pevaEurope, kunyanya vanoputa, pamabhenefiti ekutora zano rekuderedza kukuvadzwa kwefodya ”, akadaro.

“Kuunzwa kwemitero yakakwirisa pazvigadzirwa zvechikakananda zvisingakuvadzi zvinomiririra ‘kubirwa kwemutero’ pazvinhu izvi, zvine migumisiro yakaipa pautano hweveruzhinji.Kunyangwe fodya yefodya, nepo mutero uchiramba uri chishandiso chinoshanda mukuderedza kuputa fodya, kuwedzera kwemutero kusingadzoreki kunogona kukurudzira mutengi wefodya usingadzoreki. Kukanganisa kwehutano hweveruzhinji kunotarisirwa kubva pamutero wezvigadzirwa zvechikakananda zvine njodzi zvakaderera zvinogona kuve chishandiso chinoshanda mukuwedzera mari dzehurumende kusikwa kwemusika mutema, kuchaderedza mihoro uye, kunyanya kukosha, kuchadhura hupenyu", akawedzera.

TED uye TEDOR

Muna Chikunguru pakutanga kwegore rino, European Commission yakabudisa pazuva rimwe chete, zviziviso zviviri zvakasiyana zvichizarura kuedza patsva kuderedza kushandiswa kwefodya kuburikidza nekukwidza mitero, chiyero chine chinangwa chekuwedzera mutengo wefodya nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvefodya munyika yose yeEU. Mukufamba kusati kwamboitika, European Commission iri kupinza chikamu chakakosha chekuronga kwayo kwemari mune ramangwana pamusana pevanoputa uye vapers. 

Nzira mbiri dzinotsigira chirongwa chemari iyi. Kutanga, yakadzokororwa Tobacco Excise Directive (TED) inokurudzira kukwidzwa kwakakura: kuwedzera kwe139% mutero wefodya, 258% pafodya yekukungurutsa, uye-kekutanga-mutero wakadzama wefodya e-e-fodya, fodya inopisa, uye chikafu chikakananda. Chechipiri, imwe itsva fiscal instrument inonzi the Fodya Excise Duty Own Resource (TEDOR) yaizobhadharisa 15% mubhadharo wepamusoro mubhodhi, wakagadzirirwa chaizvo kufambisa mari zvakananga mumahomwe eEU, senge kuti itsigire zvirongwa zvikuru, kusanganisira kudzoreredzwa kweEurope pasi pemubatanidzwa weNATO.

Chikumbiro cheTEDOR, chakaunzwa zvakasiyana sechikamu cheEU's itsva € 2 trillion Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) ye2028-2034, inorehwa senzira nyowani yekuwana mari yeEU yakazvimirira kubva kunhengo dzenhengo. Inotsamira pakukwidza €11.2 bhiriyoni pagore kuburikidza nekuchinja kukuru kune EU mutero wefodya. Kufamba uku, kwave kubvumwa pachena neKomisheni mukati, kunoratidza shanduko yakadzama: kubva kune hutano-inotungamirwa nehurongwa kuenda kune bhajeti kutsamira pamaitiro chaiwo ayo Brussels aiti anoodza mwoyo.

Gwaro rakabatwa pakati pezvikwama uye hutano hweveruzhinji

Nepo Komisheni pakutanga yaiti TEDOR yaizoshanda yakazvimiririra kubva kuhurongwa hwemitero yenyika, yave kubvuma kuti goho rinofungidzirwa neTEDOR rinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kweTED. Asi kuchinja uku kwakatarisana nesimba kushorwa kubva kunhengo dzinoverengeka dzeEU, kusanganisira Italy, Greece, Portugal neRomania, nyika umo mwero wekusvuta unoramba wakakwirisa uye mitero yefodya inonetsa mune zvematongerwo enyika. Pamusoro pe, Siwidheni akapikisa hurongwa hweEU hwekushandisa mari kubva mumitero yefodya yakakwira kubatsira mubatanidzwa uyu bhajeti renguva refu.

Izvi zvinomisikidza mawere emari: kana rairo ikatadza, EU inogona kurasikirwa inosvika 78.4 bhiriyoni mumari inofungidzirwa, zvichisiya zvakakosha zvekudzivirira uye zvirongwa zvegirinhi zvisina mari. Kana ikabudirira, EU ine njodzi yekuve yakarongeka inotsamira pakushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza, nekukurudzira kwakashata kuchengetedza mutero wakadzika midzi mukupindwa muropa.

Bhajeti yakavakirwa pakupindwa muropa?

Chinonyanya kunetsa ndechekuchinja kwehuzivi. Masangano eEU akarebesa kuzvipira kwawo mukuderedza kukuvadza, kuenzana kwehutano, uye kurega kuputa. Zvakadaro zano razvino rinoratidza kupokana kwakasimba: kana vanhu vakarega kuputa, bhajeti inodonha.

Pamusoro pezvo, kuunzwa kwemitero yakakwira yekubvisa chikakananda chisina utsi zvinokanganisa makore ekufambira mberi kwakaitwa munyika dzakaita seSweden neUK, uko zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvakaderedza zvakanyanya kuputa fodya. Panzvimbo pekukurudzira kumisa, EU ikozvino yave kuranga.

Nzira yekumberi

Nekubatana kunodiwa pakati penyika makumi maviri nenomwe dzenhengo dzeEU, TED reform package iri kure nekuvimbiswa. Zvakadaro Komisheni inoratidzika kunge iri kubhejera, ichitarisira kuti kutya kurasikirwa kwemari kuchamanikidza kuteererwa. Izvi zvine njodzi kushandura hutano hweveruzhinji kuita chibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika uye kukanganisa kuvimba mukugadzira mitemo yeEU.

Kana EU ichitsvaga zvechokwadi kuderedza kuputa, kuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji, uye kugadzirisa mikaha yebhajeti zvine hungwaru, inofanirwa kudzoreredza mutero wehutano kubva kumitsara yakakosha yemari sekudzivirira. Hunhu hwakajeka, hutsika, uye kumberi-kufunga kwemari mutemo haufanire kuenderana nekushandisa nicotine.

Mubvunzo ikozvino wakapfava asi wekukurumidzira: Ko EU iri kuvaka ramangwana rine hutano, kana kungopfuma inopihwa mari nevanorwara?

Mufananidzo ne Christian Lue on Unsplash

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