Ukraine Yakareba Kurume Kupokana Nekutengesa Fodya Kusiri pamutemo

Zvinoenderana neCorruption Perception Index 2022 yeTransparency International, NGO inoshanda munyika dzinopfuura zana kupedza kusarongeka kwehuwori, Ukraine ndeimwe yenyika shoma dzakateverwa dzakaita huwori hushoma gore rapfuura - anonyora Tetiana Koshchuk, Ph. D. (Economics). ), nyanzvi pamitero paGrowford Institute.

Kekutanga, Kyiv iri kukohwa mabhenefiti ekurwira kwayo huwori huripo. Kuenzaniswa nemakore gumi apfuura, Ukraine ikozvino yakawana 8 mapoinzi mamwe. Izvi zvinounza huwandu ku33, nhoroondo yakakwirira kune nyika inorwa hondo yekudzivirira.

Nyika ine tsika refu uye nhoroondo yakaipa yehuori. Huori uye hutsotsi hwakarongwa hwakadzika midzi munharaunda yeUkraine, uko maoligarchs ari kutonga. Masangano anochengetedza mutemo ane mukurumbira wakashata. Muganhu wenyika iyi neEuropean Union unopfuura makiromita 1 500 wagara wakasvibira pakutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo, nemidzanga - iri pamusoro pezvinhu zvinounza pundutso pamwe nekureruka kwekufambisa. Zvinhu zviri kukurumidza kuchinja nhasi. 

Kubva 2019, Hurumende yeMutungamiri Zelensky yange ichishanda nesimba kurwisa kutengeswa kwefodya zvisiri pamutemo. Mumakore achangopfuura, anorumbidzwa uye panguva imwe cheteyo, matanho okuda chinzvimbo akatorwa mukugadzirisa miitiro iyoyo. 

Zelensky's reform agenda inosiya kukahadzika kushoma pamusoro pechinangwa chake chekubvisa maitiro asiri pamutemo uye kuwedzera kurwisa huori. Mutungamiri weUkraine nguva pfupi yadarika akadzinga gumi nevaviri vapi vezano, vatevedzeri vemakurukota, vachuchisi uye vatungamiriri vematunhu vane mhosva dzakasiyana siyana. 

Kubva paakatora chigaro, Zelensky akasimbisa kunharaunda dzepasirese kuti achaita kuti kurwisa huori munyika yavo kuve chinhu chakakosha pamberi pemutemo. Chikamu chakakosha chegwaro rekurwisa huwori raZelensky kurwisa kutengeswa kwefodya zvisiri pamutemo nekuda kwehukama hwayo hwepedyo nematsotsi, hutsotsi hwakarongwa uye kutengeswa kwefodya.  

Kuvharwa kwemafekitari efodya zvisiri pamutemo nekutorerwa midziyo nezvigadzirwa zvavo, kusungwa kwevakuru vane huori kunoratidza kuti kurwisa huwori haisi nyaya yekungopfeka mahwindi chete, asi kuti iri kufamba. 

Kuti agadzirise kurwa ikoko, Zelensky anofarira chikwereti chakawanda pakati pevanhu vake. Mukurumbira wake wakakwira kusvika pa84 muzana pakupera kwegore rapfuura. 

Zelensky anoziva kuti mitemo yake yekurwisa huwori ndiyo yakanangana nekuenderera mberi kwenyika rutsigiro. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mukutaura kwake muna Ndira 24, iyo yaive yakazvipira zvakanyanya kune iyi nyaya. 

Kutaura kwake hakuna kurasikirwa nemhedzisiro yayo, sezvo vese Germany neUS vakakurumidza kuzivisa kuti vaizotumira matangi ehondo kuUkraine. 

Ukraine yakanga yagara iri nyika inotungamira yefodya zvisiri pamutemo kuenda kuEurope. Asi mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kusiri pamutemo kwemusika wepamba kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Izvi zvapa kuti kutengeswa kwefodya zvisiri pamutemo kwasvika pakakwirira kubva nyika yawana kuzvitonga muna 1991.

Mumwe angafunga kuti, kupindira kweRussia kunoisa pause mitemo yekurwisa huwori. Zvakadaro, kurwisa uori, utsotsi hwakarongwa uye kutengeswa kwefodya kusiri pamutemo kunoita basa rekugadzirisa hondo iripo. Iyo zvakare inosarudza kumhanya uko Ukraine inogona kuwana tikiti reEU nhengo.

Kuunzwa muna 2018 kwechirongwa chemakore manomwe cheKiv, chaisanganisira kuwedzera kwemitero yefodya nezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana pagore kusvika muna 20 - kusvika pachiyero chepasi chemitero chiripo muEU - kwakawedzera kutengeserana kwefodya zvisiri pamutemo kuUkraine kusvika pakakwirira zvisati zvamboitika. .  

Mugore rekutanga rechibvumirano, mitero yemitero yakawedzera nezvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana. Izvi zvakaita kuti panosvika gore ra30, chikamu chemusika wefodya chisiri pamutemo chakasvika pachikamu che2021 percent. Izvi zvakapetwa kaviri kana zvichienzaniswa negore rakanga rapfuura. 

Muna 2017, fodya isiri pamutemo yaimiririra zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvefodya yese. Muna 2, chikamu ichi chakawedzera kusvika pa2022%. 

Pane kubatana kusingarambike pakati pekuwedzera kwekutengesa zvisiri pamutemo uye kuwedzera kwakasimba kwemitero yemitero. Nhoroondo, Ukraine yaigara iine mitengo yakaderera yefodya, izvo zvaireva kuti kutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo hakuna mukana. Muna 2016, misika yefodya isiri pamutemo yaifungidzirwa pa1.1 muzana chete.

Zvingave zvinosuruvarisa kana Ukraine ikamanikidzwa kutsungirira kudhonzwa kwemari kwakagadzirwa nenzira dzakaipa semuenzaniso muFrance, uko zvichitevera kuwedzera uye kuwedzera kwefodya kuwedzera kwefodya kwakapotsa kwadzoreredza chikamu chisiri pamutemo chemusika, maererano nenhamba dzeKPMG. zvinoreva kurasikirwa kwe 6 bhiriyoni € kune nyika yeFrance.

Mushure mekutanga kwehondo muna Kukadzi 2022, mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera uye kutengeswa kwefodya kusiri pamutemo kwakasvika mukurumbira mutsva. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuderera kwemamiriro ehupfumi, kuvhiringwa kwenzira, kuderera kwesimba rekutenga nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo (inoda kusvika zvikamu makumi maviri nemana kubva muzana muna Nyamavhuvhu 24) uye kuwedzera panguva imwe cheteyo yemitero yezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nefodya zvakawedzera vanhu vazhinji, mukutsvaga kwavo zvakachipa. zvimwe, mumaoko evagadziri vefodya isiri pamutemo.

Kukanganisa pahomwe yeUkraine kwaive pachena. Kyiv yakarasikirwa nemari inodarika mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe neshanu emamiriyoni emadhora mumari yemutero yakashandurwa muna 375 nekuda kwekutengeswa kwefodya zvisiri pamutemo. Muna 2021, kurasikirwa kwemari kwaifungidzirwa kusvika hafu yebhirioni euros. Mari inodiwa nenyika kuti iwane mari yekurwisa Russia. 

Kutangwa kwemari yemitero hakuna kuunza mari yakawanda kuhomwe, asi kuti ishoma, uye kutengeswa kwefodya zvisiri pamutemo kwakawedzera kuyevedza sezvo mitengo yakakwira kumisika yefodya. 

Hutongi hwaZelensky hwanga husiri mucherechedzi anoona kutengeserana kusiri pamutemo kuchikura. Pane kudaro. Vatungamiriri vakamanikidza vemutemo kuti vaparadze nzvimbo dzinosvika nhanhatu uko kunogadzirwa fodya yemisika yemunyika nekunze. Uye kana iwe uchifungidzira "garaji kubata" - iwe hauna kururama! Aya aive mabhizinesi akashongedzerwa zvakanaka aine michina yakanaka. Zvinonzi, vakuru vakuru pamwe nevemutemo veko vakamira kumashure kuti vadzivirire kuti vasavharwe.

Kuvhara nzvimbo dzekugadzira inhanho yekutanga yakakosha. Kuenderera mberi, kana Ukraine ichida kudzosera mamiriro ezvinhu uye kukunda muhondo yekurwisa kutengeserana kusiri pamutemo kuri kuwedzera, ichafanirwa kuenderera mberi nekusimbisa kuedza kwayo. Zvakadaro, kuona kuti chiyero pakati pemitero yefodya chinowedzera kune rimwe divi - uye kurwisa kutengeswa kwefodya zvisiri pamutemo kune rimwe ibasa rakaoma uye rakaomarara rinoda matanho anodiwa uye kuedza. 

Semuyenzaniso, kurongeka kwepakati padanho repamusoro-soro rekutonga, kusimbaradza kubatana nenyika dziri nhengo dzeEU, kusimbisa kubatana kwedunhu nepasirese, kuongororwa kwevashandi vehurumende, kutonga kwetsika nevanoongorora miganhu, kusimbiswa kwemauto nemutemo, mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa, nezvimwe. 

Somugumisiro wehondo uye kuderera kwemamiriro ehupfumi, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwegore negore mutero wefodya, mutemo weZelensky unopesana nehuwori unogadzirisa danho rekufamba kwenguva refu uye kwakasimba mukurwisana nekutengesa fodya kusiri pamutemo.

Tetiana Koshchuk, Ph. D. (Economics), inyanzvi pamitero paGrowford Institute.

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