Kukurukurirana kwefodya muEU kwapera sezvo Brussels iri kugadzirira kugadziriswa kukuru kwemitemo yefodya

EC inotarisana nekukumbira kuti varatidze humbowo pamusoro pekuderedza kukuvara, kutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo, migumisiro yekutengesa uye njodzi dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa sezvavari kugadzirira kugadziriswa kweTobacco Products Directive neTobacco Advertising Directive..

Kubvunzana kweVeruzhinji kweEuropean Commission nezveramangwana remitemo yefodya nenicotine muEU kwapera, zvichigumisa maitiro anogona kubatsira kugadzira kugadziriswa kukuru kwemitemo yefodya muEurope mumakore anopfuura gumi.

Kubvunzana uku, kwakatangwa musi wa22 Chivabvu 2026, kwakaguma musi weChishanu musi wa14 Nyamavhuvhu. Kwakatevera imwe Call for Evidence yakatangwa musi wa18 Chivabvu uye kunoumba chikamu chekugadzirira kugadziriswa kwezvose zviri zviviri Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) uye Murairo weKushambadzira Fodya (TAD).

Komisheni yakati mhinduro dzakaunganidzwa kuburikidza nehurongwa uhu dzichabatsira pakuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwemitemo hwakarongwa gore ra2026 risati rapera.

Uchapupu, njodzi uye kuenzana

Imwe yemibvunzo mikuru iri kutariswa neKomisheni ndeyekuti mitemo yeramangwana inofanira here kusiyanisa zvakajeka pakati pefodya dzinobvira nedzisingabatike zvichienderana nenjodzi dzadzo.

Vatsigiri vekuderedza kukuvara kwefodya vanoti mitemo inofanira kuona mutsauko uripo pakati pezvigadzirwa uye basa rinogona kuitwa nevaya vanoputa fodya vakuru vangadai vakaramba vachiputa fodya.

Masangano ezvehutano hweveruzhinji nevamwe vane chekuita nazvo, vakataura nezvematambudziko pamusoro pekupindwa muropa nenicotine, kushandiswa kwevechidiki uye kukurumidza kukura kwezvigadzirwa nehunyanzvi hwekushambadzira izvo zvisina kutarisirwa apo mutemo uripo wakagamuchirwa.

Dr Fernando Bueno, weFodya Reduction Harm Platform, vakaudza EU Reporter kuti EC ine mukana wakanaka wekugadzirisa kusvuta uye ine chisungo chekutevera humbowo. Kudanwa kwehumbowo munguva pfupi yapfuura kwakaratidza kupikisa kwakasimba kwekuona zvese zvigadzirwa zvefodya nenicotine zvakaenzana.

"Nyanzvi dzepasi rose dzinopfuura zana, dzichitsigirwa nemabhuku esainzi zana nemakumi matatu, dzakakurudzira Commission kuti ione kuenderera mberi kwenjodzi. Asi humbowo uhwu hauratidzike kunge hwakanyatsofungwa nezvahwo," akadaro.

"Kuenzanisa nicotine yese nefodya kunoregeredza chokwadi chakakosha: kupisa kunokonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru kwekusvuta. Sainzi inofanira kunge iri pakati pemitemo yefodya", akawedzera.

Dr Antonios Nestor, Mutungamiriri weEuropean Policy Innovation Council (EPIC), yakati Komisheni yakatarisana nemuedzo wekuti humbowo hwakapihwa panguva yekubvunzana hucharatidzwa here muzvikumbiro zvayo zvekupedzisira.

"Kana humbowo hukashandiswa nenzira yakasarudzwa, hukama huripo pakati pemitero nekutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo hunoregeredzwa, uye zvigadzirwa zvine njodzi dzakasiyana zvinoonekwa sekunge zvakafanana, njodzi dzehutano hwevanhu dzichipa nzvimbo kune pfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika," akatsanangura kudaro.

Sekureva kwaDr Nestor, izvozvo zvine mitengo nemigumisiro. Mitemo isina kurongeka zvakanaka inogona kuchengetedza kusvuta, kuwedzera misika isiri pamutemo, kusimbisa mambure ematsotsi, kuderedza mari inowanikwa neveruzhinji, kudzivirira hunyanzvi uye kudzora sarudzo yevatengi pasina kupa rubatsiro rwehutano rweveruzhinji.

"Mhinduro dzekudanwa kwehumbowo pamwe nekubvunzana pachena kwevanhu zvinoratidza kuti vagari vazhinji vekuEurope nevatori vechikamu vanotarisira kuti kutaurirana uku kutariswe zvakakomba. Mubvunzo uripo ndewekuti Komisheni ichateerera here uye icharatidza humbowo huri muzvirongwa zvayo. Pakupedzisira, isarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika", akapedzisa.

Vatengesi vanobvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pekugadzira mazano

Masangano anomiririra zvitoro nemakambani ekutengesa zvinhu akambotaurawo nezvekunetseka pamusoro pekuti kubvunzana uku kwakaratidza here mhedzisiro inoshanda yemitemo yeramangwana.

Miguel Ángel Martínez, Mutungamiriri weEuropean Confederation of Tobacco Retailers (CEDT), akazivisa:

"Nekuvharwa kweOpen Public Consultation, mushure mekubatanidzwa kweCEDT, tiri kunetseka kuti magadzirirwo akaitwa mibvunzo anoratidza kuedza kushoma kwekutora humbowo, hunyanzvi uye chokwadi chinoshanda cheEU marketing and distributing sector. Sezvo kugadziriswa kweTobacco Products Directive kuchigona kuenderera mberi, tinokumbira kuti sarudzo dzive dzakavakirwa pakuongorora kwakaringana kwechokwadi chemusika nemigumisiro yazvo. Matanho asina kuenzana anogona kukanganisa vatengesi vanotevedzera mitemo kuti zvibatsire nzira dzisiri pamutemo."

Kupindira kwake kunosimbisa chimwe chikamu chehurukuro iyi: kana mitemo yakaoma inogona kuva nemigumisiro isingatarisirwi kune vatengesi vepamutemo uku ichigadzira kukurudzira kukuru kune vatengi kuti vashandise nzira dzekutengesa dzisina kurongeka kana kuti zvisiri pamutemo.

Nyaya yekutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo ingangoonekwa zvakanyanya sezvo Komisheni ichiongorora zvirambidzo zveramangwana, mitemo yezvigadzirwa uye mitero pamwe chete nezvinangwa zvayo zvehutano hweveruzhinji.

PMI inokurudzira Commission kuti ifunge nezvemhinduro dzekubvunzana

Philip Morris International (PMI) yakakumbirawo EC kuti ifunge nezvemhinduro dzakapihwa panguva yekubvunzana.

Mumashoko akapihwa kuEU Reporter, PMI yakaratidza kutora chikamu sechinhu chisina kumboitika uye yakati, mukuongorora kwayo, ruzhinji rwevagari vaitora chikamu vakaratidza kushushikana nezvekurambidzwa kunogona kuitika uye mitemo inorambidza.

PMI yakati:

"Tinogamuchira maonero ehuwandu husati hwamboonekwa hwevagari vemuEurope vakatora chikamu muEuropean Commission's Open Public Consultation uye Call for Evidence pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwemitemo yeEU pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvefodya nekushambadzira."

Ruzhinji rwevagari ava rwakaratidza kushushikana pamusoro pekurambidzwa kunogona kuitika uye mitemo inorambidza, sezvavangaita:

• Kuisa mabasa, kukura kwehupfumi uye kukwikwidzana kweEU panjodzi.
• Kusimudzira kutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo, kupa simba kumasocial network ematsotsi, kushayisa simba mabhizinesi ari pamutemo uye kushaisa hurumende mari yemitero inokosha.
• Kurudzirai vatengi kuti varambe vachishandisa fodya pane kushandisa dzimwe nzira dziri nani pahutano hwavo, kana vakasarega.

European Commission yaizoregeredza humbowo hwesainzi uye yaizokanganisa kuvimbika kwehurukuro yacho pachayo kana ikasarudza kusafunga nezvemaonero aya.

Zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvine njodzi dzakasiyana uye zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvinoenderana nazvo. Mitemo ine mutoro inofanirwa kutungamirirwa nesainzi uye humbowo hwechokwadi, kwete pfungwa.

Zvinotaurwa nePMI maererano nehukuru uye kuenzana kwemhinduro zvinomiririra ongororo yekambani pamusoro pekubvunzana uye zvinofanirwa kutariswa saizvozvo kusvika Komisheni yaburitsa ongororo yayo yezvakatumirwa zvagamuchirwa.

Migumisiro yekutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo uye mhedzisiro yemusika

Nyaya yekutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo iri pakati penharo dzakawanda dziri kusangana nevanoita mitemo.

Vamiriri vemaindasitiri, vatengesi vezvitoro nevamwe nyanzvi dzezvemitemo vanoti zvirambidzo zvisina kuenzana kana mutsauko mukuru mumitero zvinogona kusundidzira vatengi kuzvinhu zvisiri pamutemo, zvichideredza simba remabhizinesi epamutemo uye zvichitorera hurumende mari yemitero.

Vagadziri vemitemo yehutano hweveruzhinji, nekusiyana, vagara vachiona mitero uye zvirambidzo pakuwanikwa uye kushambadzwa kwefodya sezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekuderedza kudyiwa kwefodya.

Saka dambudziko reKomisheni richava rekuona kana matanho akagadzirirwa kuderedza kushandiswa kwefodya nenicotine achigona kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo zvehutano hweveruzhinji pasina kugadzira migumisiro isingatarisirwi kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumusika.

Mubvunzo iwoyo unonyanya kukosha apo mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa dzinogona kupa mwero wakasiyana wenjodzi, kukwezva mapoka akasiyana evatengi uye kusangana nemazinga akasiyana emakwikwi asiri pamutemo.

Chii chinoitika zvino?

TPD iripo yakagamuchirwa muna 2014 uye yakatanga kushanda munyika dzese dziri nhengo dzeEU muna Chivabvu 2016. Inotungamira kugadzirwa, kuratidzwa uye kutengeswa kwefodya nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nayo, ukuwo TAD ichiisa zvirambidzo pakushambadzwa kwefodya nekutsigira kwayo.

Kunyange zvakadaro, musika wakachinja zvakanyanya kubva pakagadzirwa hurongwa huripo.

Fodya dzemagetsi, zvigadzirwa zvefodya zvinopisa, mabhegi enicotine nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvenicotine zvave zvichinyanya kuzivikanwa, zvichimutsa mibvunzo yekuti mitemo yakanyorwa zvakanyanya nezvezvigadzirwa zvefodya zvechinyakare ichiri kukodzera musika wanhasi here.

Kuongorora kweEC hurongwa hwemitemo huripo kwakagumisa kuti matanho ekudzora fodya eEU akabatsira kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekusvuta uye kufa kunokonzerwa nefodya, ukuwo vachiona matambudziko ane chekuita nekugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwefodya itsva nenicotine, kunyanya pakati pevechidiki.

Kugadziriswa kuri kuuya kwakabatanawo nechirongwa cheEuropean Beating Cancer Plan pamwe nechinangwa cheEU chekugadzira "Chizvarwa Chisina Fodya", apo kushandiswa kwefodya kwaizodzikira pasi pe5% yevanhu panosvika gore ra2040.

Kupera kwemusangano wekukurukura hakutsananguri zviri muchirongwa chemutemo cheKomisheni.

Asi, mhinduro dzeCall for Evidence neOpen Public Consultation dzichava chikamu cheuchapupu hwakawanda hunotarisirwa kusanganisira tsvakurudzo yesainzi, ongororo yehupfumi, kufunga nezvehutano hweveruzhinji uye kuongororwa kwekushanda kwemitemo iripo.

Komisheni ichafanira kusarudza kuti TPD neTAD zviripo zvino zvinofanira kuchinjwa zvakadii.

Kune vatsigiri vemitemo yakasimba, chinangwa chikuru chingangove kuramba chichideredza kushandiswa kwefodya nenicotine, kuderedza kuwanikwa kwevechidiki uye kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvitsva hazvipukunyuke mitemo yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu.

Kune vatsigiri vekuderedza kukuvara uye mitemo yakasiyana, nyaya huru ichave yekuti Brussels inoona here musiyano uripo pakati pefodya dzinobvira nedzisingatsvi uye inodzidzora zvakaenzana.

Panguva iyi vatengesi vachange vachinyatsotarisa matanho anokanganisa nzira dzekutengesa dziri pamutemo uye kukwikwidzana kwemabhizinesi madiki, kunyanya apo zvirambidzo zvakasimba zvinogona kukanganisa kutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo.

Nekunge hurukuro dzapera uye chirongwa chekugadzirisa mutemo chakarongwa gore ra2026 risati rapera, nharo dzacho dzava kupinda muchikamu chekugadzira mitemo.

Mubvunzo mukuru hausisiri kungotaura zvakaudzwa Brussels nevagari vekuEurope, mabhizinesi, masangano ezvehutano nevamwe vane chekuita nazvo.

Zviri kuti EC inosarudza kuratidza humbowo hwakawanda sei muzvirongwa zvayo.

Mufananidzo ne Robert Ruggiero on Unsplash

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