Brussels iri kugadzirira kudzokororwa kukuru kwemutemo we nicotine sezvo mitsara yehondo ichioma

Ongororo yeEuropean Commission yeshanduro dziripo dzeEU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) uye Murairo weKushambadzira Fodya (TAD) wakaburitswa svondo rapfuura, unopa ruzivo nezvematanho anotevera mukutonga fodya nenicotine.

TPD neTAD dzakatanga muna 2014 na2003 zvichiteerana, apo dzainyanya kutarisa fodya dzechinyakare. Zvisinei, kubvira ipapo, zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakaita sefodya dzemagetsi, fodya inopisa uye nicotine zvakabuda mumusika weEU. Zvigadzirwa zvitsva izvi hazvifukidzwi zvakakwana nehurongwa huripo parizvino.

European Union iri kugadzira chinyararire hwaro hweimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekugadzirisa hutano hwevanhu nemutemo mumakore anopfuura gumi. Kuchinja kuri kupfuura kudzora fodya kwetsika kuenda pakudzora zvizere musika wese wenicotine.

Zvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaita sekuongorora kweEuropean Commission hurongwa hwayo hwekudzora fodya, chirevo chayo chenhau, uye mhinduro dziri kubuda muindasitiri, pamwe chete zvinoratidza shanduko huru mumutemo weEU.

Pakati pekuchinja uku pane chokwadi chakajeka: nepo Europe yakabudirira kuderedza kusvuta, ikozvino yakatarisana nedambudziko idzva uye riri kuchinja nekukurumidza.: kuwedzera kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvenicotine.

Kubva pakudzora fodya kusvika pakudzora nicotine

Ongororo yakamirirwa neKomisheni yeTobacco Products Directive (TPD) neTobacco Advertising Directive (TAD) yakagumisa kuti mutemo uripo wave kushanda zvakanyanya. Huwandu hwekusvuta muEU yose hwakaderera kubva pa28% muna 2012 kusvika 24% muna 2023, kubudirira kukuru muhutano hwevanhu.

Asi nyaya iyi yekubudirira ine gwara rekuti ungazviita sei.

Munguva imwe chete iyi, musika wezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvenicotine - zvinosanganisira e-cigarettes, fodya inopisa, uye nicotine pouchs - wakawedzera zvakanyanya. Zvichienderana nezvakawanikwa zvakaratidzwa munhau dzichangoburwa, musika we e-cigarettes weEU wega wakura neanopfuura 450% mumutengo kubvira muna 2012.

Zvigadzirwa izvi, izvo zvakanga zvisipo zvakanyanya pakanyorwa mutemo uripo, ikozvino zviri pakati pehurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika.

Shoko reKomisheni rakajeka: hurongwa hwemitemo hahuchanyatsokodzera chinangwa.

Nyaya yehutano inochinja-chinja

Pamwe shanduko huru haisi yekutonga, asi yekufunga.

Kwemakore, zvigadzirwa zvechikafu chinoshandiswa pane dzimwe nzira dzekurapa nicotine zvaiwanzotaurwa — kunyanya neindasitiri — senzira dzekuderedza kukuvadzwa, zvichipa vanosvuta nzira isina njodzi yakawanda kubva pafodya dzinobvira.

Kuronga ikoko kuri kupikiswa ikozvino.

Ongororo yeKomisheni, yakasimbiswa nemishumo ichangobva kuitika, inoratidza humbowo huri kuwedzera hunobatanidza zvigadzirwa zvitsva nematambudziko emwoyo nekufema, pamwe nenjodzi dzinogona kuitika panguva yekuzvitakura. Kunewo kunetseka pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokonzera kenza mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveutsi.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, vagadziri vemitemo vari kuramba vachinyanya kutarisisa pakupindwa muropa pachakwo - kwete kusvuta chete.

Vakuru vakuru vakayambira kuti Europe iri munjodzi yekutsiva kuderera kwekushandiswa kwefodya ne "denda idzva rekupindwa muropa nenicotine," kunyanya pakati pevanoshandisa fodya vechidiki.

Izvi zvinoratidza shanduko huru: chinangwa chemutemo hachisi chekungoderedza kusvuta, asi chekuganhurira kuvimba nenicotine zvakanyanya.

Kutarisa musika mutema kwakaderera

Sekureva kwaStefano Betti, Mupi wezano Mukuru weUN uye Mubatsiri weUN paInternational Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS), mushumo wekuongorora uyu une mupiro wakakosha, asi hauratidzi zvizere kuoma kwemusika wefodya nenicotine weEuropean Union nhasi.

Chinangwa chayo chikuru pakutengesa zviri pamutemo uye data rekupararira kwezvinodhaka zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwekunwiwa zvisiri pamutemo hunotariswa zvishoma, pasinei nehumbowo huripo hunoratidza kuti fodya imwe chete pagumi haisi pamutemo, kuti chikamu chikuru chezvigadzirwa zvevaping zvinofamba nenzira dzisina kurongeka, uye kuti mune mimwe misika, mabhegi enicotine asingabvumirwe anogona kunge ari iwo anonwiwa zvese, akadaro.

Izvi zvinoita sekunge zvakaoma kuwirirana nezvinonetsa zvinogara zvichitaurwa neEuropol, Justice and Home Affairs Council, pamwe neEuropean Court of Auditor, akawedzera.

Nzira yedhijitari yekutyora mutemo

Kana kudzora fodya kwechinyakare kwakatarisana nekurambidzwa kurongedza, kunyora mazita uye kushambadza, chikamu chinotevera chingangorwiswa online.

Komisheni yakaona mapuratifomu enhau dzemagariro evanhu, anosanganisira TikTok, Instagram, YouTube naX (yaimbova Twitter), senzira huru dzekusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvenicotine, kazhinji kuburikidza nevanhu vane simba vachinanga vateereri vechidiki.

Mutemo uripo iye zvino, wakagadzirwa munguva yedhijitari isati yasvika, uri kuomerwa nekugadzirisa nzira idzi.

Musiyano uyu wemitemo unotarisirwa kuve chinhu chikuru chinotarisirwa mukuchinja kuri kuuya, zvichigona kukwezva EU zvakadzama mukutonga kwemapuratifomu edhijitari uye kutengesa online kumiganhu yenyika.

Varimi vemaindasitiri nefodya vanosundira shure

Kuchinja kwemaonero aya kwakaita kuti indasitiri yefodya iite zvinhu zvinofungidzirwa.

Philip Morris International (PMI), mumwe wevatambi vakuru muchikamu ichi, akabvuma ongororo yeKomisheni asi akakurudzira vanogadzira mitemo kuti vashandise zvainotsanangura se "nzira inosanganisira vose, yakavakirwa pauchapupu."

"Tinotenda kuti nzira dzinobatanidza vanhu vose, dzakavakirwa pauchapupu dzakakosha mukufambisa kufambira mberi kwemitemo ine chinangwa uye inoshanda uye kukurudzira Europe ine makwikwi, inotungamirwa nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva. Sezvo EU ichitarisa remangwana remitemo yefodya, zvakakosha kuti mitemo iratidze huwandu hwakazara hweuchapupu hwesainzi uye manzwi emapato akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira masangano enyanzvi, ecosystem yemakambani akazvimirira, uye vatengi," PMI akadaro kuEU Reporter, achiwedzera kuti hutano hwevanhu hunogona kubatsirwa nekukurudzira vanoputa kuti vachinje kune "dzimwe nzira dziri nani, dzisina kuputa."

Indasitiri yakakura iyi yadzokororawo zvinonetsa zvakafanana.

Nathalie Darge, Munyori Mukuru weTobacco Europe, akati ongororo iyi yaifanirwa kuve "yechokwadi, yakavakirwa pauchapupu hwezviri kushanda nezvisiri kushanda," asi akati "mukana uyu wakarasikirwa zvachose."

Mapoka anotsigira vatengi pamwe nevarimi vefodya vakapindawo muhurukuro iyi.

Sangano reWorld Vapers' Alliance rakatsoropodza ongororo iyi richiti "yakarerekera uye yakarerekera," richinyevera kuti EU inogona kukanganisa kuderedza njodzi nekushandisa dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka dzakafanana nefodya. Rinoti kushandisa vape nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingatsvi zvinogona kuita basa guru mukubatsira vanosvuta kurega.

Gennarino Masiello, Mutungamiri weUnitab EU, European Union of Tobacco Growers, akazivisa kubva kudivi rake kuti mitemo yezvikamu inokundikana kutevedzera misimboti yemitemo iri nani, ichinyatsoongorora huwandu hwese hwemigumisiro yehupfumi nemagariro evanhu, inogona kuita zvinopesana nemhedzisiro yakatarisirwa, zvichigadzira dambudziko remakwikwi kune varimi veEU. Izvi zvichazopedzisira zvatsigira kupinzwa kwefodya isina kubikwa kubva kunyika dzisiri dzeEU, zvichipa simba kumisika isiri pamutemo yezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, zvichideredza mari yekudyara, uye zvichideredza mabasa, zvichikanganisa hupfumi hwemuno, akadaro.

Manzwi ehutano hweveruzhinji anoda kuti chiito chikurumidze kuitwa

Zvisinei, masangano ehutano hweveruzhinji nekenza ari kukurudzira Komisheni kuti ienderere mberi nekukurumidza.

Sangano reSmoke Free Partnership rakatambira ongororo iyi seyakanga yatora nguva yakareba uye rakakumbira kuti "pasave nekunonoka" pakuvandudza mitemo yeEU.

Zvichakadaro, Wolfgang Fecke, Executive Director weAssociation of European Cancer Leagues, akapa yambiro yakasimba achiti: "Mitemo yefodya yeEurope haichashandiswi. Pasina shanduko huru, tinogona kurasikirwa nechizvarwa chose chevechidiki nekuda kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekupindwa muropa uye kusvuta, kusanganisira kenza."

Kusawirirana kwemitemo kuri kuwedzera

Kusawirirana pakati pemaonero aya kuri kuumba gakava guru remitemo muBrussels.

Kune rimwe divi, vatsigiri vehutano hweveruzhinji pamwe nenhamba iri kuwedzera yevanoita mitemo vanoti pane mitemo yakaoma, vachitaura nezvekutorwa kwevana, njodzi dzekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka uye humbowo huri kubuda muhutano.

Kune rumwe rutivi, vane chekuita neindasitiri vanokurudzira kuderedza kukuvara, hunyanzvi hutsva uye sarudzo yevatengi.

Nyika dziri Nhengo hadzina kugadzikana. Nyika dzakadai seFrance, Belgium neNetherlands dziri kukurudzira matanho akaomarara, nepo dzimwe, kusanganisira Italy neGreece, dziri kungwarira zvakanyanya. Sweden ichiri nyaya yakakosha, ichidzivirira kushandiswa kwayo kwenguva refu kwesnus.

Kusiyana uku kunoita kuti nzira yekugadzirisa zvinhu ive yakaoma mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Chii chinotevera

Komisheni inotarisirwa kupa mazano ekugadzirisa TPD neTAD panosvika kupera kwa2026. Kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeEU, shanduko dzichangoda ruzhinji rwevanhu vakakodzera, zvichiita kuti shanduko ivepo - kunyangwe chimiro chayo chekupedzisira chisati chazivikanwa.

Zviri pachena kuti huwandu hwemitemo huri kuwedzera.

Mitemo yeEU yeramangwana ingangosanganisira kwete zvigadzirwa zvefodya zvechinyakare chete, asiwo maitiro ese ekutumira nicotine, pamwe chete nekudzora kwakasimba pakushambadzira, kunyanya munzvimbo dzedhijitari.

Nguva inojekesa

Kana zvabatanidzwa, ongororo yeKomisheni, mashoko ayo ezvematongerwo enyika, uye mhinduro dzeindasitiri zvinoratidza shanduko huru iri kuitika.

EU haisisiri kungorwisa kusvuta chete. Iri kugadzirira kudzora nicotine pachayo kuburikidza nezvigadzirwa, mapuratifomu nemiganhu.

Kuenzana ikoko kunoitika pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwehutano hweveruzhinji, kuderedza kukuvara, kuvandudzwa kwemusika uye zvematongerwo enyika zvichachinja maitiro eEurope ekushandisa fodya nenicotine kwemakore gumi anotevera uye anopfuura.

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: