Ongororo yekuNorway inoratidza kuti tsvina yemuzvipatara iri kuparadzira sei kusadzivirira mishonga inorwisa utachiona

Vaongorori vanoshandisa nzira dzemajini kuongorora masampuli etsvina kubva kuzvipatara zviri munyika yeScandinavia, zvichiratidza kuti tsvina ine majini aizivikanwa neaisazivikanwa kare asingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Kusakwanisa kurwisa mabhakitiriya (AMR) kunoitika kana tupukanana - mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, howa, tupukanana - tuchichinja zvekuti haruchashandiswi nemishonga yakadai semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye mishonga inorwisa fungus. AMR idambudziko guru rehutano pasi rose; zvirwere zvakawanda zvaimborapwa zvava kuramba kurapwa, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekurwara zvakanyanya nerufu.

AMR ndiyo inokonzeresa kufa kwevanhu vanodarika 35,000 gore rega rega muEU. Muna 2017, EU yakagamuchira Chirongwa Chekuita Nehutano Chimwe Chega Chega Chekurwisa AMR - nzira yakabatana uye yakabatana yehutano inotarisa hutano hwevanhu, mhuka, uye nharaunda yese. Muna 2022, European Commission neNhengo dzeNyika dzakaona AMR seimwe yenjodzi nhatu huru dzehutano, uye muna 2023, European Council yakakurudzira kuwedzera matanho eEU ekurwisa AMR pasi peOne Health approachMuna 2025, EU yakatanga Kubatana Kwemakore Gumi paOne Health AMR (OHAMR), chirongwa cheHorizon Europe chakatsigirwa nemari pamwe chete icho chine chinangwa chekugadzirisa dambudziko iri rehutano hwepasi rose kuburikidza nekutsvagisa nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.

Chidzidzo chinoongorora kuti tsvina isina kugadziriswa inogona kukanganisa sei AMR, chinhu chisina kunyanya kutariswa kusvika pari zvino, chichishandisa chidzidzo cheNorway. Norway ine huwandu hwakaderera hwekushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya muEU nepasi rose, huwandu hushoma hweAMR mumakiriniki ayo, uye kushandiswa kushoma kwemhando imwe chete yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inonzi carbapenems., izvo zvinoshandiswa senzira yekupedzisira kune tupukanana twave kuramba kubatwa nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Panyaya yetsvina, Norway haibati tsvina yemuchipatara sezvainoita dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, zvichipa mukana wekuyedza tsvina yemuchipatara isina kugadziriswa kuti ione kana paine tupukanana, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye majini zvinogona kukonzera kuti tupukanana tusaramba kurapwa.

Vaongorori vakaunganidza sampuro kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kubva mutsvina isina kubikwa (ine simba) uye tsvina yakagadziriswa (tsvina) kubva kuHolen, fekitari yechipiri pakukura yekurapa muNorway, iyo inogamuchira tsvina kubva kuzvipatara zviviri. Sampuro dzetsvina dzakatorwawo zvakananga kubva kunzira yetsvina yeHaukeland University Hospital. Sampuro dzakaongororwa kuti dzionekwe kuti pane utachiona nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Vaongorori vakaongororawo huwandu uye huwandu hwemajini ekudzivirira mabhakitiriya (ARGs) ari musampuli, kusanganisira majini anobva mumajini ehutachiona kana kuburikidza nekufambiswa kwemajini kubva kune mamwe mabhakitiriya.

Mabhakitiriya anosvika makumi maviri nemasere akawanikwa mumienzaniso yese. Vaongorori vakawana mhando dzemabhakitiriya dzisingarapike E. coli - bhakitiriya inokonzera hutachiona hwemudumbu - uye Klebsiealla spp. – mabhakitiriya anokonzera pneumonia, chepfu muropa uye meningitis. Mabhakitiriya aya akawanikwa muchipatara (asina kurapwa) uye mutsvina yakarapwa.

Vachishandisa nzira dzemajini, vaongorori vakaona maARG akasiyana 1130 ane basa guru mukugadzira AMR; aya aisanganisira ayo anodzivirira macarbapenems. Pakati peaya paiva ne349 anonzi maARG matsva akanga asingazivikanwi kare uye akabuda kuburikidza nekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kunyangwe munyika ine mutoro wakaderera weAMR, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeARGs mutsvina yemuchipatara dzinobatsira mukupararira kweAMR - kusanganisira kuramba macarbapenems ekupedzisira - munzvimbo inogamuchira.

Chidzidzo ichi chakawana maARG makumi mana mumhando nhatu dzese dzesamples: tsvina isina kucheneswa inotorwa zvakananga kubva kuchipatara (isina kugadziriswa), tsvina isina kucheneswa ichienda kuchimbuzi chekurapa (isina kugadziriswa), uye tsvina yakagadziriswa. Pavaifunga nezvetsvina yemuchipatara neyakagadziriswa, vaongorori vakaona mamwe maARG gumi nemana mune ese ari maviri, zvichiita makumi mashanu nemana ese. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti maARG matsva - maARG asiri mutsvina isina kucheneswa inopinda muchimbuzi kubva kune imwe nzvimbo isiri kuchipatara - anounzwa kunzvimbo yakakomberedza kuburikidza netsvina yemuchipatara, uye anoramba aripo kunyangwe tsvina yagadziriswa.

Nzira yakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi inopa muenzaniso unogona kushandiswa nedzimwe nyika nematunhu pakuongorora AMR. Muna 2024, murairo weEU wakagadziridzwa pamusoro pekurapa mvura yakasviba mumaguta vakataura nezvebasa remvura yakasviba mumaguta mukupararira kweAMR, vachirayira nyika dziri nhengo kuti dzitarise mvura yakasviba yeAMR kuti dzivandudze kunzwisisa nekupa ruzivo pamusoro pemitemo.

Nzira dzingangoshandiswa kuderedza dambudziko iri dzinosanganisira kurapwa kwetsvina yemuchipatara kana kubviswa kwebhakitiriya kubva mutsvina yemuchipatara kuti kudzikamise kupararira kweAMR munzvimbo dziri kuenderera mberi. Kutsvagurudza kwakawanda kunodiwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti tsvina yemuchipatara inoshanda sei muAMR mune dzimwe nyika nenzvimbo, uye kupa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekuti ndeapi maAMG ari mumvura yakasviba. Izvi zvinogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekuti ndeapi mabhakitiriya nemishonga zvinokonzera njodzi huru maererano nekupa njodzi kuhutano hwepasi rose hweAMR. ***

Reference 

Victor, MP, Radisic, V., Grevskott, DH & Marathe, NP (2025) Mvura inobuda muchipatara munzvimbo isina mushonga unodzivirira zvakanyanya ndiyo inokonzeresa kupararira kwemajini matsva ekudzivirira mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya munzvimbo dzegungwa. Ecotoxicology uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwenzvimbo, Vhoriyamu 301,118390.

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