Chikonzero nei Europe isina chimiro chakafanana pafodya uye nicotine

Europe Inosvika paCOP11 Yakakamukana uye Inodzivirira seMabasa, Indasitiri uye Dunhu Economies Yakarembera muBalance.    

EU haisi kuzokwanisa kutora chikamu mukuvhota panguva yeWorld Health Organisation's 11th Conference of the Parties (COP11) pasi peWHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) inotanga nhasi kuGeneva. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusakwanisa kwenyika dzeEU kusvika pachinzvimbo chakafanana. Zvisinei nekuedza kwakawanda pamberi peFCTC, Mutungamiriri weDanish weKanzuru yeEU haana kukwanisa kubatanidza zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana zveNhengo dzeNyika. Kutyora mutemo weEU, kutya kwekuvhunduka kwehupfumi, uye kupatsanuka kuri kukura pakati pemafungiro ezvehutano uye chokwadi cheindasitiri chinoronga kuvhurwa kwenhaurirano.

Kana Musangano uchivhurwa nhasi muGeneva, European Union inosvika kwete semutambi akabatana wepasi rose asi sebhuroka rakakamurwa zvakanyanya, rakangwarira, uye rakamanikidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika. Dzimwe nyika dziri muEU dziri kuda kuti EU ive mutungamiri wezvekupikiswa kwefodya asi dzimwe dzichizeza kuita zviri kunze kwezvisungo zvazvino. Nyika zhinji dziri kuMaodzanyemba neKumabvazuva kweEurope, neSweden dzinotsoropodza mitero yakakarakadzwa yeEU yokuwedzera pafodya nechikakananda. Vanopokana kuti chikumbiro ichi hachisi chesainzi, vachiti hachinyatso mutsauko pakati pezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana kana mamiriro ekushandisa.

Kwemwedzi yakawanda, Vatungamiri veDanish vakatsvaga kugadzira danho rakasimba renhaurirano reEU richifambirana negwaro reWorld Secretariat rinowedzera kudzora pafodya nechikakananda. Zvisinei, Nhengo dzeNyika hadzina kukwanisa kubvumirana pane imwe nzvimbo pasina kuisa pangozi yakakura yehupfumi uye kukonzera kupandukira kwakajeka kubva kuhurumende dzenyika dzine maindasitiri epamba anorasikirwa zvakanyanya.

Komiti yeVamiriri Vagari Venhengo dzeEU kuEU (COREPER) yatambira gwaro rekusawirirana kweMutungamiriri weDenmark pamusoro pechinzvimbo cheEU neChishanu chapfuura. Mhedzisiro yacho idiki, inodzivirira, uye isina kusimba zvakanyanya muEU inomira nyaya dzese dzine gakava, inodzivirira kuzvipira kumari kana nzira dzekutonga, uye inoratidza kusagadzikana kwakadzama mukati meMubatanidzwa nezvemhedzisiro yemagariro nehupfumi yemaitiro maximalist ekutonga nicotine.

Injini yehupfumi yeEurope yakanyarara: makumi ezviuru emabasa ari musara

Kuchengetedzwa kwemabasa, hunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri uye masisitimu ehupfumi anofambiswa nekunze akasungirirwa kune zvigadzirwa zvechikakananda zvakakosha kune nhamba yakati wandei yeNyika.

Pane kunetseka kwakanyanya kuti mitero yakakwira ichakanganisa vashandi muchikamu ichi, kunyanya iwo makambani anogadzira zvinhu zvakakanganisika nehutongi hwemitero yakawandisa, pamwe nemabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati (SMEs). Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vanoyambira kuti iyi mitero yakawedzerwa inogona kukwidza mitengo yevatengi uye kukuvadza kukwikwidza kwavo, zvichizokonzera kushaikwa kwemabasa kwakapararira.

MuEU mose, chikamu chinotsigira makumi ezviuru zvemabasa ane hunyanzvi, akagadzikana. Indasitiri yefodya uye chikakananda ibasa guru muEurope, mutengesi akakosha kunze kwenyika, uye mumwe wevateresi vakurusa. Inotsigira kukosha kwese cheni, kubva kune zvekurima kusvika kune zvekutengesa uye maSME. Aya maSME akapararira mukati mekunze, kutengesa, kutengesa, uye kumwe kugadzira nekugadzirisa. Kune mazana ezviuru ezvitoro zvidiki - mazhinji acho ari mabhizinesi madiki - uye nhamba yakakura yemapurazi madiki efodya (anosvika zviuru gumi nezvishanu) anogona kunzwa kukanganiswa kwehupfumi.

Shanduko dzemitemo dzeEC dzinogona kukanganisa mabhizinesi madiki, kwete makambani makuru efodya chete. Sekureva kweCommission impact assessment paEUR-Lex, muna 2023, indasitiri yefodya, iri pasi pechikamu che "kugadzira fodya," yakashandisa vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi mana nenomwe muEU.

Another Komisheni Impact Assessment (2025) maererano neSMEs mufodya kukosha kweketani inofungidzira kuti 5,300 SMEs "ichakanganiswa zvakananga" neyakarongwa shanduko yekutonga. Izvi zvinosanganisira vatengesi vanobva kunze kwenyika, vatengesi vezvitoro, vatakuri nevarimi. Ongororo iyi inoti pane zvitoro zviri pakati pe250 000 ne300 000 zvekutengesa fodya muEU. Zvizhinji zvezvitoro izvi mabhizimisi madiki kana madiki, kunyanya zvitoro zvakatsaurirwa fodya. Pamusoro pezvo, ongororo yakaitwa inoratidza kuti mapurazi anodarika 15 000 efodya angakanganiswa zvisina kunanga.

Mazhinji emabhizinesi aya ari munzvimbo dzinonetsa mune zvehupfumi uko kudzikira kwemaindasitiri kwatove nedambudziko rakakura:

• Itari inoramba iri imwe yenzvimbo huru dzeEurope yekugadzira fodya inopisa uye nicotine pouch, ine mafekitari akati wandei kumatunhu ekuchamhembe nepakati anoshandisa zviuru.
• Porendi inobata mitsetse mikuru yekugadzira fodya, mafirita, mapochi uye zvinhu zvekurongedza, zvinotsigira imwe yevashandi vakuru vekondinendi vane chekuita nechikakananda.
• Romania, Greece, Spain uye Czech Republic chengetedzawo maindasitiri akakura, ekurima uye ekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvakabatana nechikakananda uye dzimwe nzira dziri kubuda.

MuNzvimbo dzakawanda dzeNhengo dzeNyika, maindasitiri aya haasi epamhepo-akadaro kusimbisa vashandirwi, kupa vashandi vane zvibvumirano zvenguva refu, mabasa ehunyanzvi ehunyanzvi, uye mari inopihwa kunze kwenyika inodyira zvakananga kuhupfumi hwematunhu.

Zvakadaro Secretariat yeWHO yave nemakore ichiratidzira chishuwo chayo zvirambidzo zvakakura zvepasi rose pane zvese zvigadzirwa zvechikakananda, Kusanganisira:

• mutero wakakwira zvakanyanya,
• kuganhurirwa kwakaomarara pane zvinonaka,
• pedyo-inorambidza kutengesa uye kushambadzira curbs,
• uye yambiro dzakakomba kana nhanho-pack-yakafanana-yemwe nzira dzechizvarwa chinotevera.

Kunyika dzine zvidyarwa zvikuru, mitemo iyi haishanduri mukuvandudzwa kwehutano asi mukuvharwa kwezvirimwa, kuwanda kwehuwandu, uye kurasikirwa kwese kwese kwenzvimbo dzemaindasitiri.

Mumwe mumiriri mukuru weEU akabatanidzwa muhurukuro dzeChishanu dzeCOREPER akataura pachena kuti: “Haugoni kungomisa raramo yevanhu. Nekudaro, kunyangwe paine njodzi dzenguva pfupi uye dzepakati-kati dzehupfumi, vanogadzira mitemo mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope vanopokana kuti kuderedzwa kwefodya kunounza kuderera kwekushandisa kwehutano uye makore mashoma anorasikirwa nehurwere, nekudaro kuwedzera hupfumi hwehupfumi. Pamusoro pezvo, vanotenda kuti mari yemutero inogona kudzoserwa mukudzivirira kana kutsigirwa kwehupfumi.

Kubatana kana magariro nehupfumi realism

Komisheni yakasimbirira kuti EU inofanirwa kutsigira "mutauro wakasimba, unodzivirira" kuCOP11.

Asi apo vamiriri veNhengo yeNyika vakakakavadzana nezvezvaidiwa kuCOREPER svondo rapfuura, zvakabva zvabuda pachena kuti:

1. Pakanga pasina chibvumirano pamusoro pemitero. Nhumwa dzakati wandei dzakada kuti chero mutauro wemari ubviswe zvachose, vachiona kuti kuvandudzwa kweTobacco Excise Directive yeEU kuchiri kumisa nekuda kwekupikisa kwemukati menyika.
2. Ikoko kwakanga kusina kubvumirana pane zvitsva zve nicotine zvigadzirwa. Nhamba iri kuramba ichiwedzera yehurumende dzinosimbirira kuti dzimwe nzira dzokuderedza kukuvadza hadzigoni kudzorwa zvakafanana kumidzanga pasina kuunza migumisiro isingatarisirwi pautano hwevanhu.
3. Pakanga pasina chibvumirano pane maximalist zvirambidzo. Nyika dzine mabasa makuru emaindasitiri dzakaramba zvachose kutsigira kurudziro yeWHO inogona kuvhara mafekitori avo.

Hurukuro yeEU yenhaurirano yakabviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika izvo zvakasara zvatsanangurwa nemumwe mumiriri se: "Iyo shoma inodiwa kudzivirira kunyarara zvachose."

Mutsetse uri kukura wekutyoka mukati meEU

Nhaurirano idzi dzakafumura chikanganiso-mutsara chave kufamba nepakati pekugadzira mitemo yeEU.
Mapoka matatu eNhengo dzeNyika akabuda:

1. Iyo Maximalist Health Bloc

Ichitungamirwa nedzimwe hurumende dzeNordic neWestern uye vachitsigirwa neBrussels NGOs dzinozivikanwa, boka iri rinotsigira kurongeka kweFCTC, kusanganisira mutero unehasha uye kudzora kwese nicotine.

2. Iyo Pragmatic uye Socio-Economic Bloc

Kunyanya Pakati, Kumabvazuva neMaodzanyemba Nhengo dzeNyika dzine maindasitiri epamba anoita kuti maximalist maitiro asaite zvehupfumi. Hurumende idzi dzinoda kucherechedzwa kwenjodzi dzemabasa, maindasitiri, uye budiriro yedunhu.

3. The Transitional Bloc

Nyika dziri kuedza nzira dzekuderedza kukuvadza dzinoziva musiyano uripo pakati pefodya nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa.

Aya maonesheni matatu haagari achienderana uye Komisheni, mushure memakore ekusundidzira mutsara wepamusoro, ikozvino yatarisana nechokwadi chekuti Nhengo dzeNyika hadzichabvumirani nemumwe kana neWHO.

Maitiro eWHO anopokana nezviri kuitika muEurope maindasitiri nevatengi

Iyo WHO FCTC Secretariat yakagara ichitsigira kuti zvese zvigadzirwa zve nicotine zvinofanirwa kuodzwa mwoyo kuburikidza nemutero, kurambidzwa kwekushambadzira uye kuganhurwa kwekugadzira.
Nekudaro, chinzvimbo ichi chinogara chisina kugadzikana ne:

• kuderera kwemitengo yekusvuta muEU;
• kukurumidza kukura kwekukuvadza-kuderedza dzimwe nzira;
• humbowo hwekuti mitoro yakakwira yemutero pane zvigadzirwa zvakachengeteka inogona kusundidzira vatengi kumidzanga;
• uye kusapokana kwehupfumi mupiro wemaindasitiri ekugadzira nicotine.

Maonero eWHO haakonzeri chokwadi chokuti Europe haisi nharaunda inogadzira fodya iri kudzikira, asi inzvimbo huru yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvechizvarwa chinotevera—indasitiri inoshandisa makumi ezviuru uye inopa mabhiriyoni emari yekudyara nekutengesa kunze kwenyika.

Mumwe mukuru weRomania akataura pachivande: "WHO ine humbozha hwekuregeredza hupfumi." Isu hatina."

EU yakatarisana nebvunzo yekuvimbika

Indasitiri yefodya uye itsva yechikakananda ine huvepo hwakakosha hwehupfumi muEU-27. Iyo inobatsira kuhupfumi hweEuropean Union nekutsigira mabasa anopfuura miriyoni mukati meiyo kukosha kweketani. Indasitiri iyi inogadzira kukosha, ine simba rakakura paGDP, uye inounza mari yakawanda yeruzhinji kuburikidza nemitero yemitero uye VAT.

EU neWHO dzinofanirwa kuvandudza marongero avo zvichienderana nedata rakazara uye ongororo yemhedzisiro isati yawedzera mitero. Zvakakosha kubatanidza maturusi emitemo semutero nemamwe mazano, sedzidzo nekugadzirisa, pane kuashandisa uri woga.

Mazhinji maindasitiri anobatanidzwa akaita shanduko huru uye akaita mari yakawanda mumakore gumi apfuura. Ivo vari kubatsira mukukwikwidza, hunyanzvi, basa uye hupfumi hweEurope. A pragmatic, inonzwisisika, inofanotaurwa mutero wemutero chimiro uye mutemo unodiwa.

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