#COVID-19 - Chimwe chinhu chekuti veEurope vapemberere: Kondirakiti nyowani yemagariro inotanga kubuda?

COVID-19 yakafumura kushomeka kwemakambani mazhinji anoramba basa revashandi vavo, vachishandisa nzvimbo dzemutero uye vakasiya vasina mari yekushandisa kuti varemekedze mihoro uye maodha ekutengesa nekuda kwekugoverana kutenga. Svondo rapfuura, European Justice Commissioner Didier Reynders (mufananidzo) yakapa hutungamiriri hwakakosha pakugadzira hwaro hwemafambisirwo ebhizinesi ane mutoro. Akazivisa a chirongwa chitsva chemutemo kuona kuti makambani anoita kudzivirira uye kuderedza chero kukanganisa kwakashata kune vashandi nenharaunda mukushanda kwavo uye kugovera cheni kuburikidza ne'kufanirwa kushingaira. Chirevo ichi chakauya pakati pekutambura kwakanyanya kusingakoshi kwevanhu vanoshanda kubva kuCOVID-19 denda. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwehutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi hunodiwa nenyika mushure mekudonha kwekuvimba neveruzhinji mumisika yepasi rose yakasimudzwa neiyo 2008 Global Economic Crisis, uye iko zvino huwandu husingaverengeki hwedambudziko rehupfumi rekupora kubva padenda. Commissioner Reynders akasimbisa kuti hapafanirwe kunonoka kana kumisikidzwa - denda riripo raita kuti kodzero dzevanhu dzishande nekukasira kupfuura nakare kose, uye chikamu chakakosha chekubudirira uye kupora, nyora Sharan Burrow naPhil Bloomer.

Chiziviso ichi chinouya mushure memakore akawanda ekudaidzira mutemo uyu kubva kumasangano akazvimirira, masangano evashandi pasi rose neEuropean, mabhizinesi ane mutoro uye vanoisa mari, uye hushumiri hwehurumende muGermany neFinland, nevamiriri veparamende, senge muFrance uko mutemo weDuty of Vigilance uripo. Commissioner Reynders anogona kutarisira rutsigiro rwakakura uye rwakasiyana mugore rinotevera kana akachengeta kuzvipira kwake kugadzira mutemo unoshanda une mazino - zvisungo zvinosunga, zvirango zvinoshanda, mutoro uye kuwana kururamisira, uye kubatanidzwa kwakakodzera kwevashandi, masangano, uye nharaunda dzakakanganisika. Zvichakadaro, zvakakosha kuti vanogadzira mitemo vadzivise kushora kwakasimba kubva kune zvavanoda izvo zvinozopa yambiro yakasviba yekuti mutemo uyu uri 'mutengo kune bhizinesi' unononoka kupora. Kure nazvo. Sezvo pan-European rutsigiro kubva kune vane mutoro bhizinesi uye vanoisa mari kuratidzira, kusunga kodzero dzevanhu nekuda kwehungwaru uye hunhu hwebhizinesi hune hunhu kukusimudzira kukuru kune bhizinesi rakasimba iro rinogona kubatsira mukugovana budiriro nechengeteko. Izvo zvakare zvinogadzira nzvimbo yekutamba inodzivirira bhizinesi risingatendeseki uye risingatarisire kubva kuvakanganisa kuburikidza nekuburitsa kunze kwavo magariro (kushungurudzwa kwevashandi) uye kwezvakatipoteredza (kusvibiswa) mari. Zvisingashamisi, mari yekudyara yemabhizinesi ane mutoro nguva dzose kukunda vamwe, uye mukana uyu wakatsigirwa mu chokutanga chokutanga yedenda muna 2020.

Masangano eInternational Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) neBusiness and Human Rights Resource Centre (BHRRC) ose anotora mazana ezviuru zvemhosva dzekutyora kodzero dzevanhu gore rega rega. Izvi zvakakuriswa kakawanda nedenda nemamiriyoni evashandi - vakadzi vazhinji nevanotama - vakatarisana nekushaya mihoro isingabhadharwe, pasina mubhadharo wekusiya basa, mubatanidzwa, uye pasina kuchengetedzwa munharaunda mushure mekudzingwa kwemaodha nemhando dzepasi rose, semuenzaniso. .

Mumavhiki maviri apfuura izvi zvakasanganisira mamiriyoni maviri evashandi mukati Bangladeshh kudzingwa basa, nekutsutsumwa nenzara nemihoro isingabhadharwi; vapererwa nezano vashandi veketani kudzoka kumafekitari kuti vadzivise hurombo, kunyangwe pasina matanho ekudzivirira akakwana aripo; uye Amazon warehouse vashandi vachiti vakadzingwa basa yekuratidzira dziviriro isina kukwana yevashandi kubva kuhutachiona hweCOVID-19. Amazon yaramba mhosva iyi.

Saka mutemo wakarongwa naCommissioner Reynders ungabatsira sei kupedza kushungurudzwa uku? Zvinosungirwa kushingairira nemakambani nevanoisa mari maererano nekodzero dzevanhu, kusanganisira kodzero dzevashandi pamwe nekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichabatsira kumisa makambani asingatarisire kubva mukukuvadza kusiri madikanwa nekuwedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yavo kubva mukusava nehanya kana kusatendeseka. Commissioner Reynders akajeka kuti mutemo uyu uchapihwa zvirango zvekutyora nekushungurudza: "A mutemo usina zvirango hausi murau,” vakadaro. Mitemo inobudirira yehushingi inoda kusanganisa zvirango, hurongwa hwakasimba hwemutoro uye kuwana hutongi hwejekerere kune vakabatwa. Izvi zvaizonyatso shandura calculus yenjodzi yepamutemo mumabhodhi eEurope. Kekutanga, makambani makuru ese nevanoisa mari vachafanirwa kuratidza kuti vatora danho rekuona kodzero dzevanhu nenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza nedzemagariro, uye kutora matanho ekudzivirira, kana kuti vanogona kutarisira simba rakazara remutemo kana zvinhu zvashata. Makambani ane mutoro uye vanoisa mari havana chekutya, uye zvakawanda zvekuwana kuburikidza nekusabatanidzwa kwemakwikwi asina kunaka kubva kumakambani anokwikwidza asina basa. Asi makambani iwawo anobata zvisina kufanira vashandi mumafekitari avo, minda, mahofisi, uye cheni dzokugovera; izvo zvinosvibisa zvakatipoteredza pasina chirango; uye vaya vanowana nyasha kubudikidza nokunyengera nouori vane kutya kukuru. Ichi ndicho chikonzero, muvhiki yapfuura, Dutch business association MVO Nederland, inomiririra 2,000 Dutch bhizinesi, akabudisa chirevo mukutsigira kunosungirwa kungwarira. Uye mumavhiki maviri apfuura, 105 vatengesi vepasi rese vane madhora mazana mashanu emadhora muzvinhu zviri pasi pemaneja akasainwa 'Iyo Investor Nyaya Yekumanikidza Kodzero Dzevanhu Nekuita Diligence'. Pane zvirevo zvakafanana zverutsigiro rwekambani yakakura kuitira kushingaira kwakakodzera muGermany, Finland, neSwitzerland.

ITUC neBHRRC dzakashanda sechikamu chemubatanidzwa wakasiyana-siyana wemutemo uyu, unotungamirwa neEuropean Coalition for Corporate Justice nemasangano evashandi, kuti uenderere mberi kwemitemo inoraira kuti kuve pachena. Kujeka chinhu chinodiwa asi chisina kukwana cheshanduko mumaitiro ehuwandu hwehutungamiriri hwemakambani, avo vanodudzira basa ravo rekuvimbika sekuwedzera kudzoka kune vanogovana, uku vachiwedzera muripo wevakuru. Iyo Corporate Human Rights Benchmark inowana makumi mashanu muzana emakambani makuru muzvikamu zvine njodzi zvakanyanya sezvipfeko, zvekurima, uye migodhi. zvibodzwa paziro pazviratidzi zvese kuti kodzero dzevanhu dzitarisire. Pabasa rekumanikidzwa, KnowTheChain yakaona kuti makambani makuru 119 ari muzvikamu zvitatu zvine njodzi zvakanyanya avhareji zvibodzwa zvishoma 33/100 nekuda kwekuedza kwavo kugadzirisa njodzi dzebasa rekumanikidzirwa mumaketani ekutengesa, paine mukaha unoshamisa pakati pezvirongwa nehumbowo hwekuita chero kupi. The kudzidza seminal kuCommissioner neBIICL inoratidza zvakaperera kunharaunda nebhizinesi remutemo uyu. Zvichakadaro, makambani anga ari kutsigira vashandi vavo vanga vachipfuura vezera ravo panguva yeCCIDID-19 dambudziko, uye vachange vakamira zvirinani mushure medambudziko.

Ichi ndicho chikonzero isu, nevabatsiri vedu muEurope yese, takakakavara nezvemutemo mutsva uyu zvose muEurope uye pasi rose. Gore rinotevera richange rakakosha. Kutanga, tinofanira kuenderera mberi nekuvaka sangano muEurope yose, kunyanya nemukana weMutungamiri weGermany weEU Council kubva muna Chikunguru. Isu tinofanirwa kusimbisa hwaro hwekuita kwakashinga kupora kubva padenda iro 'rinovaka kumashure zvirinani', sekutaura kwakaita Munyori Mukuru weUN. Tinoda manzwi akasiyana-siyana ayo pamwe chete anogona kupikisa siren inoda kudzoka nekukurumidza ku 'bhizinesi-semazuva ese' - zvakapfuura izvo zvakagadzira matambudziko edu maviri ekusaenzana kwakanyanya mumisika, uye kuparara kwemamiriro ekunze, uko kwakawedzerwa denda. Tinofanirawo kutsvaga kushanda nevabatsiri pasi rose kubatsira kuvaka kuenderera mberi kwekufamba kwepasirese sechikamu chekuedza kugadzira kondirakiti nyowani yemagariro, uye zvibvumirano zvitsva zvegirini.

Chechipiri, tinofanira kuvaka kubvumirana kwakasimba pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha kuita kuti mutemo uyu ushande uye wakangwara sezvinobvira kuvaka budiriro yakagovaniswa kubva mumatambudziko edu aripo. Tinofanira kukumbira Komisheni Reynders nechikwata chake kuti vaite nekukurumidza kurayira kuti bhizinesi nezvemari zviremekedze mwero wepasi rose wekodzero dzevanhu, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kurwisa huwori, sezvakataurwa muUN Guiding Principles uye OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.

Murairo unofanirwa kupa vashandi nenharaunda simba rekurwisa kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa kuzere kwemasangano evashandi nevamiriri vevashandi nenharaunda muhurongwa hwese hwakakodzera. Vanofanirwawo kugadzira nzira dzekutarisa nekuona kuti zvirango zvaitwa, zvirango zvikasateererwa, uye kuwaniswa kweruramisiro kuvashandi nenharaunda dzinoshungurudzwa nemakambani asina hanya. Makambani anofanirwa kuzvidavirira nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekuita kwavo. Mhosva inofanirwa kuunzwa kune zviitiko apo makambani anotadza kuremekedza zvisungo zvawo zvekushingairira, pasina rusaruro kune akabatana uye akati wandei emhosva masisitimu.

Uye ivo vanofanirwa kusanganisira ese makambani nemasekete, akazvimirira uye eruzhinji. Izvo zvakakosha izvi zvinoshandawo kumakambani eEU uye makambani asiri eEU ane mashandiro kana kutengesa zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi mukati meEU. Mabhizinesi ane basa akati anotarisira mabhenefiti akakura kana mutemo mutsva weEU ukagadzira zviyero zvakaenzana kune EU nevasiri veEU.

Gore rinotevera mukana wakakura wekuisa kodzero dzevanhu uye shanduko yakarurama kune yakaderera-kabhoni hupfumi pamwoyo wekuita bhizinesi rine mutoro. Zvirongwa zvekudzoreredza denda zvinofanirwa kugashira dambudziko rehutano hweveruzhinji uye kugadzirira, asi zvakare kugadzirisa kusaenzana uye kudzoreredza kuparara kwemamiriro ekunze. Chiziviso chaCommissioner Reynders inhanho ine simba munzira kwayo - kuenda kuchibvumirano chitsva chemagariro uye nyika ine hutongo uye yakagadzikana. Iye zvino dzimwe hurumende dzinofanira kutevedzera.

Sharan Burrow munyori mukuru weITUC naPhil Bloomer ndiye director director weBusiness and Human Rights Resource Center.

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