Vanamukoti veSpain muGermany: Kana kufamba kuchibereka kushandiswa

Opinon naLinda Mans, Wemos Foundation, murongi 'Health Workers for All' naSascha Marschang, maneja wezvehutano masisitimu, European Public Health Alliance (EPHA)

Ichi chinyorwa, chakapihwa neHealth Workers 4 All Partners Medicus Mundi (FAMME, Spain), ndicho chechipiri pane dzakatevedzana dzenyaya zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kukosha kwekuita hunhu hwekutora misimboti yeWHO Global Code of Practice paInternational Recruitment of Health Personnel. . Kunyanya, inopa mufananidzo wakadzama wekuti kukwezva kwekushanda kune imwe nyika kunogona sei kushanduka kuve chiitiko che'social dumping' nekuda kwevashandirwi vasina hunhu. 

Kutevera shanduko ye1996-2004 yehurongwa hwehutano hweGerman, iyo yakagadzira mamiriro asina kunaka ekushanda muhukoti uye yakakonzera kudzikiswa kwevashandi, vanamukoti vanosvika zviuru makumi mana vakasiya nyika uye huwandu hwevanotanga mabasa hwadzikira. Izvi zvakawedzera kushomeka kwevashandi varipo panguva iyo iyo yeGerman yehutano system inofanirwa kugadzirira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zviri kuuya zvehuwandu hwekuchembera. Makambani akazvimirira ari kushandisa izvi semukana wekutsvaga vashandi vehutano vanokwanisa munyika dzeSouthern neEastern Europe uko dambudziko rehupfumi riri kusundidzira vazhinji kuti vatame, kunyanya Spain uko kushaikwa kwemabasa kwakasvika zvakanyanya.

Imwe kambani yakazvimiririra yakati inofambisa "kubvumidzwa kwevashandi kwezvitupa zvehukoti kuGermany, pamwe nerutsigiro rwehupfumi uye pekugara". Zvinonzwika zvakanyanya kuti zvisave chokwadi? Nehurombo, ndizvo chaizvo izvo vanamukoti vazhinji vekuSpain vaifanira kudzidza nenzira yakaoma pavakasvika kuGermany. HW4All's case study inoratidza kuti mamiriro echokwadi aipihwa vanamukoti vekuSpain aive akasiyana zvakanyanya pane zvavakavimbiswa panguva yekubvunzurudzwa kwekutora basa. Sezvineiwo, vanamukoti vakavimbiswa sarudzo yenzvimbo dzebasa uye mihoro zvinoenderana nemutemo wevashandi weGerman.

Muchokwadi, vanamukoti vakatumirwa kunzvimbo dzekumaruwa uye mubairo wakaderera kusvika makumi mana muzana pane wevanoshanda navo vekuGerman - sezvo kambani inopinza vanhu basa yakanga isati yasaina kuchibvumirano chemubatanidzwa. Vanamukoti vakawanda, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vakadzidza kuyunivhesiti, vaiita basa roukoti zvinobudirira uye vaifanira kushanda mashifiti emaawa 40 anorwadza vasina kodzero yokumbozorora. Kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kushata, vaive 'vakavharirwa mukati' nechibvumirano: mapepa aifanira kusainwa kwemakore 12 kana maviri, uye kupedzwa kwekutanga kwevanamukoti vekuSpain kwakavaita kuti vapinzwe zvakanyanya 'kutyora kondirakiti' faindi inosvika zviuru gumi zvemaeuro. Zvakare, semhedzisiro yekushanda pamwe ne'vashandi vekunze vakachipa', vashandi vazhinji vekuGerman vakanzwa kushatirwa kumakwikwi asingadiwe 'mujaho unosvika pasi' unoramba uripo.

Zvakangoitika mushure mekunge mubatanidzwa wevashandi veGerman ver.di vashora mamiriro ezvinhu - uye vakaronga musangano neBerlin-based kambani inonyorera kuSpain - iyo chirongwa chakavharwa muna Chikumi 2014, kunyangwe vanamukoti vatoshanda kuGermany vachiramba vakasungirirwa kuchibvumirano. Mhosva iyi yakagadzirawo kuwedzera kubatana pakati peEuropean Federation of Public Service Unions (EPSU), ver.di neSpanish masangano evashandi vehutano (FES-CCOO neFSP-UGT) kuzivisa kuti mamiriro akadai haagamuchirike uye kuti pamwe chete. zvibvumirano zvinofanira kuremekedzwa. Mhosva iyi inoratidzawo kuti mamiriro ekushanda mubazi revanamukoti vekuGerman kazhinji haagamuchirwe kuGerman nezve vanamukoti vanotama kubva mukati meEU. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanotora vanotarisa kuzadza huwandu huri kuwedzera hwezvinzvimbo kubva kunze kwenyika: Muna 2013 Germany yakavhura miganhu yevanamukoti vanobva kunze kweEU uye vakatosaina kana kutaurirana zvibvumirano nePhilippines, Tunisia, Vietnam, China, Serbia neMoldova.

Pane kushomeka kwemutemo padanho reEuropean (uye dudziro yacho kubva kuEU-chikamu kuenda kukushandiswa padanho renyika neremunharaunda) nezvekodzero dzevanotamira kune dzimwe nyika uye mamiriro anofanirwa kupihwa nemakambani (kunyanya vamiriri vega) vanohaya vashandi vehutano kubva mu- uye. kunze kweEU. The WHO Global Code inotsanangura kuti hapagoni kuva nekusiyana kwevashandi muvashandi vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana, uye 2013 Recife Declaration inosimbisa izvi: "kukurudzira mikana yakaenzana mudzidzo, kusimudzira, kutungamira uye kufambira mberi kwebasa kune vashandi vose vehutano, pasina rudzi rwerusarura runobva kune. panyaya yechikadzi, rudzi, rudzi kana humwe hunhu”.

HW4All nokudaro inokurudzira EU neNzvimbo dzayo kuti dziite kuti vanotora basa vave vatakuri vebasa zviri pamutemo kuti vazivise zvizere vashandi vekunze (veutano) nezvekodzero dzavo.

Iyi op-ed yakagadzirwa muhurongwa hwechirongwa che "Health Workers for all and all for Health Workers" DCI-NSAED/2011/106, nerubatsiro rwemari rweEuropean Union. Zviri mukati mebhuku rino ibasa revanodyidzana nepurojekiti uye hazvigone kutorwa sezviri kuratidza chinzvimbo cheEuropean Union.

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