Kuparadzira ruzivo nezve njodzi dzekushandisa zvinodhaka: Dambudziko reEurope

Vechiduku vokuEurope havana ruzivo rwakanyanya pamusoro pemigumisiro uye ngozi dzezvinodhaka kupfuura makore mashomanana apfuura. Nepo ivo vachishandisa zvakanyanya Indaneti kuunganidza ruzivo, itsva Eurobarometer ongororo inoratidza kuti kana zvichienzaniswa nemuna 2011, vakabvunzwa kashoma kuti vawane ruzivo rwakadai kubva kunzvimbo zhinji, kunyanya kubva mumishandirapamwe yenhau uye zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvikoro.

Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina chevechidiki (29%) vanoti havana kuziviswa zvachose mugore rapfuura nezvemhedzisiro uye njodzi yezvinonzi zviri pamutemo zvakakwirira - izvozvi zvinhu zviri pamutemo zvinotevedzera mhedzisiro yezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo. Izvi zviri kuitika panguva iyo huwandu hwevechidiki vari kuti vakashandisa ‘mutemo yakakwirira’ hwakwira kusvika pazvikamu zvisere kubva muzana, kubva pazvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana muna 8.

Vanopfuura vagari ve13,000 vane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri nemana vakabvunzurudzwa nezveEurobarometer 'Vechidiki Nezvinodhaka' muEU. Kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka uye matambudziko ane chekuita nezvinodhaka zvinoramba zvichinetsa vagari veEU. Iwo zvakare akakosha hutano hweveruzhinji uye nyaya yekuchengetedza veruzhinji. Maererano ne zvidzidzo nokuda European Monitoring Center yeDrugs uye Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), kuedza zvinodhaka kunowanzotanga mumakore echikoro, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumwe wevana vane makore 15-16 okukura akashandisa mushonga usingabvumirwi nomutemo. Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwe 'zvemutemo-yakakwirira' kwave kuwedzera kukurumbira, uye European Commission iri kushanda kusimbisa kugona kweEU kuchengetedza vechidiki nekudzikisa kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza, sechikamu che zvakazara zvinodhaka mutemo regulatory framework.

Sezvo nhamba itsva dzinosimbisa, kuwedzera ruzivo uye kuparadzira ruzivo ndiro rimwe basa rinokosha. European Commission yakashandisa mari kubva kumapurogiramu mashanu ezvemari eEU kutsigira akati wandei mapurojekiti akanangana, pakati pezvimwe, kuwedzera kucherechedzwa nekuzivikanwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvepfungwa uye njodzi dzinosangana nazvo. Mapurojekiti akati wandei anobatsira avo vanosangana uye vanopomerwa mhosva yekubata nemishonga iyi pasi. A itsva ripoti rakabudiswa nhasi (21 Nyamavhuvhu) rinopa tarisiro yemapurojekiti gumi nemasere akawana mari yakadai kubva 18.

Mabasa anotsigirwa neKomisheni, mamwe acho achiri kupedzwa, anobva pakuvandudza nzira dzekuongorora nekuongorora zvinhu zvitsva zvepfungwa kudzidzisa avo vanoshanda munzvimbo dzinogona kuitika kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka (zvakadai semabhawa kana makirabhu ehusiku) mune dzimwe Nhengo dzeNyika. kuti vanokwanisa kuona matambudziko akanyanya ehutano ane chekuita nemishonga iyi uye kubatsira avo vanobatwa. Mapurojekiti akati wandei ane chekuita nekuparadzira ruzivo nemazano, kuburikidza nenzira dzakaita semawebhusaiti, nhare dzenhare uye kutumira vanozvipira kumitambo mikuru. Mamwe mapurojekiti semuenzaniso akakurudzira kushandira pamwe uye kupanana ruzivo pakati pevachuchisi venyika nevane masimba ekuchengetedza mutemo.

kumashure

Musi wa 17 Gunyana 2013, Komisheni yakaronga kusimbisa kugona kweEuropean Union kupindura 'kukwira kwemutemo' nekuunza nzira inokurumidza yekubvisa zvinokuvadza zvepfungwa kubva pamusika.IP/13/837 uye MEMO/13/790) Pana 17 Kubvumbi 2014, Paramende yeEuropean yakavhota kutsigira mutemo wekunyora.IP/14/461) Kuti uve mutemo, chikumbiro cheKomisheni chinoda kutambirwa neNhengo dzeNyika muKanzuru, zvichiteerana nemaitiro emutemo.

Nyika dzeEU dzakaratidzira kupfuura 360 itsva psychoactive zvinhu kuburikidza neEarly Warning System kubvira 1997. Zvinhu gumi zvakaendeswa kune matanho ekutonga munyika yose yeEU, kutevera mazano kubva kuEuropean Commission - nguva pfupi yapfuura, Mephedrone, 4-MA uye 5-IT.

On 16 June gore rino, European Commission yakakurudzira kurambidza zvinhu zvina zvitsva zve psychoactive izvo zvinotevedzera mhedzisiro yezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo senge heroin kana LSD - MDPV, 25I-NBOMe, AH-7921 uye methoxetamine. Pamusoro pezvo, European Commission yakakumbira Scientific Committee yeEMCDDA kuti iongorore njodzi pane zvimwe zviviri zvitsva zve psychoactive zvinhu - 4,4'-DMAR uye MT-45 - kuona kana paine zvikonzero zvekukurudzira kurambidzwa gare gare gore rino.

More mashoko

Eurobarometer 'Vechidiki Nezvinodhaka' uye yakananga mhedzisiro yenyika yako maererano nevechidiki nezvinodhaka: link
European Commission: Mutemo wekudzora zvinodhaka
European Monitoring Center yeDrugs uye Drug Addiction 'European Drug Report' 2014
Homepage ye Justice Commissioner Martine Reicherts
Tevera Martine Reicherts pa Twitter uye paFacebook

ANNEXES - Mhedzisiro yeEurobarometer 'Vechidiki Nezvinodhaka'

Chiitiko chezvitsva zve psychoactive zvinhu

Huwandu hwevechidiki vanoti vakashandisa zvinodaidzwa kuti zviri pamutemo hwakakwira zvishoma kana zvichienzaniswa nemakore matatu apfuura: 8% vavo vanoti vakazviita, 1% vakazviedza mumazuva makumi matatu apfuura, 30% iyo yekupedzisira 3 mwedzi uye 12% kupfuura 4 mwedzi yapfuura. Muna 12, zvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana zvevechidiki vakati vakashandisa 'mitemo yepamusoro'. Vazhinji vakapindura vakaona zvinhu zvitsva zvepsychoactive mumwedzi gumi nemiviri yapfuura vakazviwana kubva kushamwari (2011%). Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe chete muzvina (5%) vakazvitenga kubva kumutengesi wezvinodhaka, nepo gumi muzana vakazvitenga muchitoro chehunyanzvi uye 12% vakazvitenga paInternet.

Maonero kumutemo wezvinodhaka

Pachine kubvumirana kwakasimba pakati pevechidiki kuti heroin, cocaine uye ecstasy inofanira kuramba yakarambidzwa (ine 96%, 93% uye 91% vachitaura kudaro, maererano) - izvi migumisiro haina kuchinja kubva paongororo yekupedzisira muna 2011. Maonero pamusoro pe cannabis anowedzera. kupatsanurwa. Vanopfuura hafu vanoti inofanirwa kuramba ichirambidzwa (53%), nepo 45% ichifunga kuti inofanirwa kudzorwa. Zvichienzaniswa na2011, maonero pamusoro pedoro nefodya ave achiganhurira zvikuru: vakapindura zvino vangangotaura kuti zvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kudzorwa, uye kashoma kutaura kuti zvinofanirwa kurambidzwa.

Vazhinji vakapindura vanotsigira kurambidzwa kwemutemo wepamusoro unotevedzera magadzirirwo ezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo. Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu (35%) vanofunga kuti zvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kurambidzwa chero mamiriro ezvinhu, nepo 47% vachifunga kuti zvinofanirwa kurambidzwa chete kana zvikaisa njodzi kuhutano. Vanopfuura mumwe mugumi vanofunga kuti kudzorwa kwezvinhu izvi kunofanirwa kuunzwa (15%), nepo 1% chete vanofunga kuti hapana chinofanira kuitwa.

Kuziva uye ruzivo nezvezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo uye yakakwirira yepamutemo

IInternet ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yeruzivo pamusoro pezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo uye kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kune vechidiki: inopfuura hafu yevose vakapindura vakati vaizotendeukira kwairi (59%). Iyo internet inodaidzwa zvakanyanya kutaurwa kupfuura shamwari (36%), vanachiremba, vanamukoti kana nyanzvi dzehutano (31%), vabereki kana hama (25%), kana nyanzvi dzemishonga chipangamazano kana nzvimbo (21%). Vashoma vakabvunzwa vaizoenda kumapurisa (13%), vezvenhau (10%), mumwe munhu ari kuchikoro kana kubasa (9%), vezvemagariro evanhu kana vechidiki (7%), kana runhare (4%).

Zvisinei, vechidiki iye zvino havakwanisi kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pengozi nemigumisiro yezvinodhaka kubva kune zvese izvi zvinyorwa kupfuura muna 2011. Kunyanya, vanopindura havakwanisi kutaura kuti vakagamuchira ruzivo kubva kumapurogiramu enhau uye mapurogiramu ekudzivirira chikoro ( -6 uye -9 muzana mapoinzi, zvichiteerana).

Nezve ruzivo rwepamusoro pemutemo, Internet (30%) uye mishandirapamwe yenhau (29%) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yeruzivo kune vechidiki. Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina (29%) vanoti havasati vamboziviswa mugore rapfuura pamusoro pezvinhu zvitsva zvinoteedzerera mashandiro ezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo.

(MAX. 3 MHINDURO)

Zvinofungidzirwa njodzi dzeutano dzekushandisa zvinodhaka

Vanenge vese vanopindura vanofunga kuti kushandisa cocaine nguva dzose kana ecstasy kunogona kuisa njodzi huru kune hutano (96% uye 93% zvichiteerana), nepo imwe 3% uye 5% zvichiteerana inofungidzirwa kushandiswa nguva dzose inogona kutakura njodzi yepakati. Ngozi dzakaonekwa dzakaderera kune avo vakangoshandisa mishonga iyi kamwe chete kana kaviri. Vanopfuura hafu (57%) vakati kushandisa ecstasy kamwechete kana kaviri kunogona kuva nenjodzi huru, 29% vakati njodzi inogona kunge iri pakati, uye 9% vakafunga kuti njodzi inogona kunge yakaderera. Nekudaro, 2% chete yaifunga kuti panogona kunge pasina njodzi mukushandisa ecstasy kamwe kana kaviri. Vazhinji vakawanda vanofungawo kushandisa nguva dzose zvinhu zvitsva zvinotevedzera zvinodhaka zvinogona kutakura njodzi huru kune hutano (87%), nepo 9% vachifunga kuti njodzi inogona kunge iri pakati nepakati uye 1% kuti inogona kunge yakaderera. Vanopindura havanyanyi kufunga kuti kushandisa zvinhu zvitsva izvi kamwe kana kaviri kunogona kuunza njodzi yehutano, ne57% vachiti njodzi inogona kunge yakakwira, 29% kuti panogona kunge paine njodzi yepakati uye 9% iyo njodzi inogona kunge yakaderera. Ingori 1% inofunga kuti panogona kunge pasina njodzi yehutano mune iyi mamiriro.

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