Gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa, Troels Lund Poulsen ichangobva kuziviswa Chinangwa cheDenmark chekuwana zvombo zvekurwa nazvo kure. Nyika iyi, inowanzova mudzidzi wekudzidza nezvekuyambuka Atlantic, ichangobva kusarudza imwe European solution nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo mumhepo, zvichiratidza kuti inogonawo kusarudza sarudzo dzakagadzirwa muEurope dziri kugadzirwa pasi peEuropean Long-Range Strike Approach (ELSA).

Denmark haisi yega iri kuedza sezvo nyika dziri muEurope dzichiedza kuzadza mipata yezvombo zvehondo zviri kure. Izvi zvinosanganisira kurwisa zvombo zvehondo kusvika pakurwisa zvine hungwaru (DPS) padanho rekushanda uye rehurongwa, kusvika pakudzivirira vavengi uye kukonzera kukuvara uko, pazvinenge zvakanaka, kunodzivisa uye, pazvinenge zvakaipa, kunodzikisira zvakanyanya kugona kwevavengi nekudaro kugona kwavo kurwisa.

Sezvo bhajeti redziviriro renyika dziri nhengo richikwira nekuda kwechisimba cheRussia uye EU yakazivisa Kugadzirisa Europe/Kugadzirira 2030 Zvichipa zvikwereti zve €150 bhiriyoni kuburikidza nechirongwa cheSAFE uye kusvika ku €650 bhiriyoni munzvimbo yemari nekushandisa mutemo wekutiza nyika wekushandisa mari yekudzivirira, nyika dziri kuisa mari yakawanda kuti dzizadze mipata yekugona yakawanikwa muWhite Paper yeEU yekudzivirira kweEurope, kusanganisira DPS.

Kunyange zvazvo zvichikurudzira kudiwa kwe'kutenga nyika dzeEurope', hutungamiriri hunoziva kuti nyika imwe neimwe haigone kuvaka hunyanzvi hwakadaro yoga nekuda kwemitengo yakawanda yeR&D nekugadzira. EU Institute for Security Studies vanoti: "Kuedza kusimbisa dziviriro yeEurope kunoenderanawo nekuti vanhu vekuEurope vanogona kudzivirira kudzokororwa kwezvirongwa zvavo here uye kubatanidza mabasa avo muhurongwa hwakabatana. Mabhajeti enyika nekuronga zviripo pamwe chete nehuwandu huri kukura hwemaforamu epasi rese neakawanda," kusanganisira ELSA.

Nharo yeELSA

Lotje Boswinkel inoti hondo yeUkraine inoratidza kuti muhondo dzemazuva ano: "Munhu anofanira kukwanisa kurwisa nzvimbo dzemauto emuvengi, nhandare dzendege, nzvimbo dzeradar, zviteshi zvegungwa, uye nzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu, uye pamwe zvakare zvivakwa zvakakosha zvehupfumi nehondo zvemurwisi zviri kure nehondo. Kutanga, Europe ichada kutenga, kuunganidza, uye kuparadzira zvombo zvehuremu hwakareba zvakanyanya kupfuura zvazviri kuita pari zvino." Chirongwa cheELSA chakatanga muna 2024 neFrance, Germany, Italy nePoland uye gare gare vakabatana neSweden neUK kugadzirisa misiyano yekukwanisa kwendege refu muEurope, kunyanya kune DPS inorasirwa pasi ine daro remakiromita 1,000-2,000. Nyika dzeEurope dzine zvombo zvinorasirwa mumhepo nemugungwa (kunyange zvisina kukwana), asi kuwedzera masisitimu ekutumira zvombo zvinorasirwa pasi kwaizobvumira midziyo yese yekurwisa pamwe chete kuti ive nehurefu hunodiwa kuti ipfuure dziviriro yevavengi.

Kukwidziridza ELSA, Gurukota reDziviriro reSweden Pal Johnson vakati: “Muchokwadi, pari zvino tine nzvimbo yekudzivirira muEurope yakagadzirirwa mamiriro erunyararo, uye tobva tatarisa hondo muUkraine, ihondo yekurasikirwa, hondo yedzimba dzekuchengetera zvinhu. Saka ndinofunga kuti pane zvakawanda zvatinofanira kuita kuti tiwedzere kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.” Gurukota rezvekudzivirira rePoland Wladyslaw Kosiniak-Kamysz vakasimbisa kuti: 'Kukosha kwekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese mukusimudzira kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu zvakadzika uye kudzikiswa kwemitengo nenguva yekugadzira.'

Saizvozvo, Jiri Šedivý, mukuru weEuropean Defence Agency, akati: “Nyika dziri nhengo dzinogona kusimbisa hunyanzvi hwezvekudzivirira nemaindasitiri chete nekushanda pamwe chete, kugadzira hupfumi hwakawanda, uye kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekudzivirira hunodiwa nenyika dzedu dziri nhengo.”

Chinangwa cheELSA ndechekusarudza mapurojekiti kubva kuEU's Defence Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB) uchishandisa nzira ye "vatambi vakanakisisa" yekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvichibva pane mbiru dzebudiriro "yakagadzirwa nenzira yekuti nyika dziri nhengo neindasitiri yadzo dzigone kupa mari zvichienderana nesimba radzo retekinoroji uye zvinokosheswa pakushanda".

Mapurojekiti anotarisirwa kugadzirwa neEurope kuderedza kuvimba nevatsigiri vekunze, kushandisa bhajeti zvine musoro pasina kuaparadzira mumapurojekiti anokwikwidzana uye kuunganidza kugona kwemaindasitiri kuderedza mari. Nheyo idzi dzakanaka dzakakonzera mapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana ane mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzehunyanzvi uye kukura kwekushanda. Mutori wenhau Martin Rosenkranz inoti boka rekuEurope reMBDA riri kubuda semubatsiri mukuru kune dzimwe nyika muEurope yese, asi mamwe ari kukwikwidzawo.

Ariane Group akaiswa mamodheru ezvombo zvayo zvenyukireya zvinonzi balistique terrestre (MBT) paParis Air Show muna Chikumi 2025, zvichipa ELSA sarudzo yekurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya. France iri kutsigira zvinenge € 1 mabhiriyoni bhiri reprojekti kusvika mugore ra2030, kunyange hazvo ruzhinji rwacho ruchasunungurwa mushure megore ra2028 kana njodzi dzemaindasitiri dzikabviswa. Gurukota rezveDziviriro Boris Pistorius inoti Germany iri kuronga kuvandudza sisitimu yayo yeTaurus cruise missile yakagadzirwa neSaab/MBDA. Chikepe chitsva cheTaurus NEO chingangowedzera daro razvino re500km izvo zvingaite kuti chikwanise kushandiswa neELSA. Zvakare, muna Chivabvu, UK neGermany dzakasaina chibvumirano chekugadzira chikepe cheDPS che2,000km negurukota rezvekudzivirira. John Healey, vachangobva kutaura kuti "vakurumidza basa", asi vasina kuburitsa ruzivo rwakawanda nezvazvo kusvika pari zvino.

Parizvino, zvinoita sekungeMBDA'sLCMisthe mukwikwidzi anotungamira yepurojekiti yekutanga yeELSA sezvo iriyo yega chombo chengarava chinokandirwa pasi chine daro rinodarika makiromita chiuru mukuvandudzwa kwacho. Ichiratidzwa seEuropean Tomahawk, LCM yakavakirwa paMissile de Croisiere Naval/Naval Cruise Missile (MdCN/NCM) yeMBDA yakaedzwa muhondo uye inofanira kuyedzwa. kubudikidza 2028Pakutanga, Mutevedzeri weGurukota reZvekudzivirira rePoland, Pawel Bejda, aifarira NCM nekuda kwengarava dzayo dzepasi pemvura, akasangana naEmmanuel Chiva, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva Mutungamiriri wesangano rekutenga zvinhu reFrance (DGA), nenyika mbiri idzi. saini a tsamba yechinangwa chekushandira pamwe chete pazvombo zvepagungwa zvinogona kuwedzera chikamu cheLCM.

Kufarira kweELSA kwamira here?

Zvinoita sekuti zvinhu zvese zvinodiwa pakuzadza mipata yeDPS zviripo. Kwete chaizvo. Mapurojekiti achiri kushaya kumhanya kwakakwana, nguva uye pfungwa yekukurumidzira uye ELSA yave kuita seyakanyangarika kubva munhau. Izvi zvinoshamisa tichifunga kuti kudiwa kwenyika dzeEurope kuvaka hunyanzvi hwekufamba kwenguva kwagara kuri misoro yenhau kubva muzvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa muUkraine. Kushaikwa kwesimba renyika riri shure kweELSA, iro ringave richikonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwehutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika muGermany (mapoka emubatanidzwa), UK (Gurukota rezveKutenga neKushandisa Maria Eagle yakatsiviwa ne Luke Pollard munaGunyana), uye France (mutungamiri weDGA Emmanuel Chiva ichangobva kutsiviwa naPatrick Pailloux), vari panjodzi yekukanganisa zvakanyanya pfungwa dzakanaka dzakatsigira chirongwa ichi.

Kusarudzwa kwe "mutambi akanakisa" pachikamu chimwe nechimwe kwaitarisirwa munaJune, asi, kusvika muna Mbudzi, hapana chirongwa cheELSA chakaziviswa. Kunyangwe paine kufarira kwekutanga, zvinoita sekunge vatori vechikamu vari kunetseka nezvezvinhu zvakawanda. Njodzi ndeyekuti mhinduro dzeEurope dzichatarisana nekunonoka zvakare nekuti nyika dziri nhengo dzichatendeukira kusarudzo dzeAmerica kana dzimwe "dzisiri dzepasherufu", kunyangwe izvi zvichireva kuti dzichatarisana nenguva refu yekutumira nekuda kwemirairo yekutanga kubva kuWashington. Zvinoita sekunge Germany yatosarudza nzira iyi seBerlin. zvinonzi zvirongwa kutenga zvombo zvinokandwa zveTomahawk mazana mana pamwe neTyphon system pasinei nenguva yekuendeswa kwezvombo izvi pedyo ne2030 neLCM ingangodaro iri kugadzirwa panguva iyoyo.

Makontrakita ekuAmerica ari kuedzawo kunzvenga mitemo yezvinyorwa 'yakagadzirwa muEurope'. Lockheed Martin naRheinmetall zvakaziviswa hurongwa hwekubatana kwekugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya muEurope zvichireva kuti zvigadzirwa zveAmerica zvinokosheswa kupfuura zvigadzirwa zveEurope zvakaita se Sisitimu yeSAMP/T NGzvombo zveAster. Makambani akadaro akabatana anoramba achivimba netekinoroji yeAmerica zvichitevera zvirambidzo kubva kuWashington, zvichipesana nepfungwa yakataurwa neEuropean Commissioner for Defense and Space, Andrius Kubilius, kuti muEU: "Tinoda hunyanzvi hunotibvumira kusarudza zvekushandisa, zvinangwa zvekusarudza, nezvimwewo."

Uye zvakare, kuramba uchitenga sarudzo dzekunze zvinoreva kuti hapana maodha akawanda emhinduro dziri kuuya kana dziripo dzemuEurope izvo zvichaisa mapurojekiti akaita seELSA munjodzi huru. Kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa zvehondo zvenguva refu zvenyika dziri nhengo nemhinduro dzesimba, vatori vechikamu veELSA vanofanirwa kuvandudza kufarira kwavo kwekutanga uye rutsigiro rwezvematongerwo enyika kuchirongwa ichi. "Vatambi vakanakisa" vagadzirira, asi ikozvino vanoda kuti hurumende dziite sarudzo pakupedzisira.

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: