#Asylum uye #Kutama muEU: Chokwadi uye manhamba

Pazasi iwe unowana ese akakodzera data nezve kutama muEurope, ndivanaani vanotamira kune dzimwe nyika, zviri kuitwa neEU kuti igadzirise mamiriro acho ezvinhu, uye kuti mari yakamira sei.

Tsanangudzo: Mupoteri chii? Chii chinonzi hupoteri?

Vanotsvaga hupoteri vanhu vanokumbira hupoteri zviri pamutemo kune imwe nyika nekuti vanotyira kuti hupenyu hwavo huri panjodzi munyika yavo.

Vapoteri vanhu vane kutya kwakadzikama kwekutambudzwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvedzinza, chitendero, nyika, zvematongerwo enyika kana nhengo yeboka revanhu vakagamuchirwa uye vakazivikanwa saizvozvi munyika yavo. MuEU, iyo qualification directive inogadza nhungamiro yekupa dziviriro yenyika kune avo vanoida.

Parizvino vanhu vanobva kunze kweEU vanofanirwa kunyorera kuchengetedzwa munyika yekutanga yeEU yavanopinda. Kuisa chikumbiro kunoreva kuti vanove vanyoreri vehupoteri (kana vanotsvaga hupoteri). Vanowana chinzvimbo chehupoteri kana imwe nzira yedziviriro yepasi rose kana sarudzo yakanaka yaitwa nezviremera zvenyika.

Sarudzo dzeAsylum muEU

Muna 2019, kwaivapo 714,200 mafomu yekudzivirirwa kwenyika dzese muEU pamwe neNorway neSwitzerland, inova 13% kupfuura iyo 634,700 mafomu yakagamuchirwa muna 2018. Mumakore apfuura, paiva 728,470 mafomu muna 2017 uye vangangoita miriyoni 1.3 muna 2016.

Zvakare muna 2019, nyika dzeEU dzakapa dziviriro kune 295,800 vanotsvaga hupoteri, pasi kubva 333,400 mu 2018, iyo yaive inenge 40% yakaderera pane 2017 (533,000). Anenge mumwe muvatatu (27%) veivava vakabva kuSyria, nepo vanhu vanobva kuAfghanistan (14%) neVenezuela (13%) vaivewo vari muvatatu vepamusoro. Huwandu hweVenezuelans hwakakwira nekanenge ka40 muna 2019 zvichienzaniswa ne2018. PavaSyria 78,600 vakapihwa dziviriro yepasi rese muEU, inoda kusvika 71% yakagamuchira muGermany.

Mamiriro ezvinhu muMediterranean

IEuropean Border uye Coast Guard Agency inounganidza data pamusoro pekuyambuka zvisiri pamutemo yemiganhu yekunze yeEU yakanyoreswa nevakuru venyika. Muna 2015 uye 2016, vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri nemazana matatu ekuyambuka zvisiri pamutemo vakaonekwa. Muna 2019, huwandu hwese hwekuyambuka muganhu muEU hwakadzika kusvika 141,846, chikamu chayo chakaderera kubva muna 2013 uye kudzikira kwe5% zvichienzaniswa ne2018.

Munhu mumwe chete anogona kupfuura nemuganho kanopfuura kamwe, saka huwandu hwevanhu vanouya kuEurope hwakaderera. Nekudaro, nyika dzeEU dzave pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru.

Muna 2019, 735,835 vanhu vakarambidzwa kupinda pamiganhu yekunze yeEU, zvichienderana nenhamba dzenguva pfupi. Muhafu yekutanga ya2020, 23,288 vanhu vakaisa upenyu hwavo panjodzi kusvika kuEurope negungwa, uye vanenge 248 vachitya kunyura. Vanhu vanopfuura 120,000 vakasvika kuEurope negungwa muna 2019, zvichienzaniswa nevanopfuura miriyoni imwe muna 2015. Kuyambuka kweMediterranean kwakaramba kuchiuraya zvisinei, ne1,319 vakafa kana kushayikwa muna 2019, zvichienzaniswa ne2,2771 muna 2018 uye 3,139 muna 2017.

Vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vari muEU zvisiri pamutemo

In 2015, Vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni maviri nemazana maviri vakawanikwa varipo zvisiri pamutemo muEU. Pakazosvika 2019, nhamba iyi yakanga yadzikira kusvika pa650,000. "Kuvepo zvisiri pamutemo" zvinogona kureva kuti munhu akatadza kunyoresa zvakanaka kana kusiya nhengo yenhengo ine mutoro wekugadzirisa chikumbiro chavo chekupotera. Izvi hazvisi, pachazvo, zvikonzero zvekuvadzinga kubva kuEU.

Zvirikufungwa nevaEurope

Kutama kwave kuri pamberi peEU kwemakore. Matanho akawanda akatorwa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri pamwe nekuvandudza hurongwa hwekupotera. Maererano nemigumisiro ye a Eurobarometer sarudzo yakaburitswa muna Chivabvu 2018, 72% yevaEurope vanoda kuti EU iite zvakawanda kana zvasvika pakutama.

Kunyangwe zvazvo Eurobarometer ongororo kubva munaChikumi 2019 inoratidza kuti kutama yaive nyaya yechishanu huru yakapesvedzera sarudzo dzekuvhota dzevaEurope musarudzo dzegore iroro EU,

A Parlemeter 2019 ongororo yakaitwa mushure meiyo yakanyoresa kuderera mukukosha. Yakaratidza 34% yevaEurope vakavhota vachifunga nezvekutama. Nyaya dzepamusoro dzaive dzehupfumi, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kodzero dzevanhu uye hutongi hwejekerere, pamwe neremangwana reEU.

EU yakawedzera zvakanyanya mari yekutama, mitemo yehupoteri nekubatana zvichitevera kuwedzera kwekupinda kwevanotsvaga hupoteri muna 2015. Munhaurirano dziri kuuya pamusoro pe EU's post-2020 bhajeti, Paramende ichadaidza imwe mari munzvimbo idzi.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti EU inodzora sei kutama.

Vapoteri munyika

Munyika yose, nhamba yevanhu vari kutiza kutambudzwa, kurwisana nemhirizhonga yasvika mamiriyoni 79.5 kekutanga. Izvi zvakaenzana neanenge murume wese, mukadzi nemwana muGermany vanomanikidzwa kubva mudzimba dzavo. Vana vanoita chikamu che40% chevapoteri vepasi rose.

Nyika dzine vapoteri vakawanda iTurkey, Colombia, Pakistan, Uganda neGermany. Chikamu gumi nenomwe kubva muzana chevapoteri pasi rose vanochengetwa nenyika dzakabudirira.

tsva Eurostat nhamba pane asylum zvikumbiro muEU naizvozvowo UNHCR nhamba dzehuwandu hwevapoteri munyika dzeEU.