Nhaka yaNursultan Nazarbayev - #Kazakhstan

Nursultan Nazarbayev anozivikanwa zvikuru nekuvaka Kazakhstan musimba redunhu rave nhasi. Kutenda ku "mutungamiri wemweya" nyika yave mugwara rekuzadzisa chinangwa chayo chekubatana neboka rakasarudzika renyika makumi matatu dzakasimukira pasirese panosvika 30.Iko kubudirira kune nyika yakavharwa iyo, kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, zvishoma zvaizivikanwa - anonyora Colin Stevens.

Asi zvakare zvakareruka kukanganwa kuti kutanga kuzvininipisa kweMutungamiriri wekutanga kwakatanga kumaruwa eKazakhstan, muUshkonyr padyo neAlmaty.

Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nazarbayev akatanga kushanda kare, mune ngozi chaizvo uye zvakaoma maindasitiri simbi basa, izvo, sezvo Matthew Neapole, muongorori panguva inoremekedzwa European Institute for Asian Studies (EIAS) anoyeuka, iye ipapo akadzidza pana Karagandy Polytechnic Institute muna 1962. Yaibvawo kubva kuEurope Institute for Asian Studies (EIAS) iyi pfungwa yekuti akabatana neBato reCommunist, sarudzo yakajairika kuti azvifambire mberi munguva dzino.

Nyeredzi yebasa rake rezvematongerwo enyika yakaramba ichikwira kunyange munguva dzemhirizhonga dzakabatana nekuputsika kwemhirizhonga yeUSSR, sezvaakava Mutungamiri wekutanga weKazakhstan kubva pakuziviswa kwehuchangamire (kuzvimirira) musi wa25 Gumiguru 1990. Izvi, anodaro Neapole, zvakasimbiswa muna sarudzo dzokutanga, kwaakakunda murukundo rukuru, “rwekutanga pane dzakawanda kuuya.”

Nazarbayev akaburitsawo akati wandei emabhuku anotsanangura kufunga kwake, ayo anoenda pamusoro pemisoro yakadai seye Kazakh chitupa, kurwisa mhirizhonga, mamiriro epakati eAsia, kuvakwa kweKazakhstan, matambudziko nematambudziko avakatarisana nawo mushure mekusununguka mukukura nekubudirira. Mabhuku ake (pakati pawo The Heart of Eurasia, The Kazakhstan Way, The Critical Decade, Epicenter of Peace) ese akazvipira kune yakakura kana diki pane iyi nyaya yekuzivikanwa kweKazakh uye matambudziko akatarisana nenyika mukuita kwete chete. kuvakwa kwenyika, asiwo kusikwa kwekuzivikanwa.

Aya, anodaro Neopole, “mabasa makuru.”

Anoti, "Mushure mekubatanidza kuzvitonga uye kuzvitonga kweKazakhstan, Mutungamiriri Nazarbayev ndiyewo pfungwa dziri seri kwechiono cheKazakhstan cha2050."

Iri zano rinoenda kuratidza kukosha kwekuita kuti Kazakhstan ifambire mberi nenzira yakarongwa kuenda kune ramangwana rakagadziridzwa. Inozivisa matambudziko mazhinji ane chekuita nekukura kwehupfumi.

"Iyo yakakura kwazvo, inobata neminda yehupfumi, zvivakwa, zvekurima uye zvakatipoteredza, hutano, kuvandudzwa kwemitemo, kuenzana pakati pemapoka (zvitendero, madzinza), pamwe nedzimwe nzvimbo," anodaro Neopole.

Pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvirongwa zvakaunzwa naNazarbayev izvo, inodaro EIAS, yakaita "zvikuru kwazvo" kuKazakhstan nevanhu vayo, uye inovimbisa kuramba ichipa simba guru mune ramangwana.

Neopole anotaura mienzaniso yakawanda, kusanganisira:

- Aive nekunzwisisa kwakasimba kwekukosha kwekusikwa kwekuzivikanwa kweKazakh.

"Izvi," anodaro Neopole, "zvimwe zvakakonzerwa nekunzwisisa kuti pasina mumwe, Kazakhstan, nemarudzi akawanda uye zvitendero zvayo zvinogona kukonzerwa nemhirizhonga uye kusagadzikana, nekuda kwenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzaigona kupinda nemapoka akasiyana. pamwe nekuti aida kugadzira chiziviso chikuru uye chakabatana kuti vanhu veKazakhstan vaungane uye vaunze mune ramangwana. "

- Nazarbayev akanzwisisawo kuti multilateralism uye nhaurirano chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuti hukama hwakasimba kwete pasi rose, asi kunyanya mudunhu. “Vese zvakare vari kutambudzwa nekuparadzirwa kwemvura kunonetsa izvo zvinoda kutariswa nematunhu kuti vafambise zvakanaka,” anodaro Neopole.

- Zvakafanana neizvi, Nazarbayev akafudzawo Kazakhstan kuburikidza nemaitiro ekubvumirwa kune akasiyana siyana ane simba uye ane mukurumbira masangano. Semuenzaniso, pasina kurongeka, Kazakhstan yakabatana ne: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO, senhengo yekutanga), Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU, senhengo yekutanga), Council of Turkic Talk States (CCTS), World Trade Organisation. (WTO), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), pamwe nevamwe vakawanda.

"Ichitenderera pakati pemasimba makuru maviri, Russia neChina, Kazakhstan yakavaka mutemo wekunze kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, kusimbisa hukama hwakanaka nemasimba makuru enyika uye enyika," anodaro Neopole.

- Mutungamiri Wekutanga akanzwisisawo kuti nyika dzeCentral Asia dzakagara nhaka nyaya dzakawanda dzakaoma nekuda kwekubuda kwavo kubva kuU.SSR, sehupfumi hwakaoma hwakatarisa pane zvishoma chete zvezvinhu zvekutakura kuenda kunzvimbo dzakabudirira muRussia kana kunze kwenyika.

“Imwe nyaya,” anodaro Neopole, “yakanga iri idi rokuti miganho mizhinji pakati pavo, asiwo pakati pavo nenyika dzakavakidzana nayo yakanga ine nharo huru. Pasi peNazarbayev, miganhu yeKazakhstan yakapedzwa uye yakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo.”

Mukati memakore angangosvika makumi maviri chete, nyika, imwe yeaimbova marepublic eSoviet kuwana nzvimbo yakanaka yekudyara, yakabhadhara zvikwereti zvayo zvakawanda, uye mamwe mabhenji akakosha ehupfumi.

Semuyenzaniso, Kazakhstan inokwezva inodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emari mukudyara kubva pakawana kuzvitonga kuzere. Uyezve, Bhanga reNyika rakatoshandura zita reKazakhstan kubva kune yakaderera-yepakati, kuenda kune yepamusoro-yepakati mari isingasviki makore makumi maviri, kubudirira kunoshamisa, "anoyeuka kudaro Neopole, muongorori wechidiki paBrussels-based Institute.

Anorondedzerawo kuti, mukufamba kusinganyanyi kuzivikanwa asi kwakaenzana, Kazakhstan yakaramba zvombo zvenyukireya. "Izvi zvakakosha sezvo zvaive mukati menzvimbo yekugona kuti Kazakhstan ingadai yakatevera izvi, sezvavaive kwaiedzwa uye kubatwa zvombo zvakawanda zveSoviet. Izvi zvakatanga nemutemo wekuti pavharwe Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, musi wa29 August 1991. Nazarbayev angave akanzwisisa kuti kutorwa uye kuchengetwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kungadai kwakakanganisa zvinoshamisa ukama hwakanga hwatoparara munharaunda yacho.”

Anotenda kuti kuva nzvimbo yemiedzo yakawanda "zvichida yakasimbisa" kunzwisisa mupfungwa dzaNazarbayev pamusoro pekugona kuparadza kwezvombo izvi zvinotyisa, uye izvi zvekutanga zvakatanga kukurukurwa uye kuitwa muna 1989, apo Kazakhstan yakanga ichiri pasi peamburera yeUSSR.

“Kazakhstan zvakare yakasaina Chibvumirano cheComprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) muna 1996. Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha chakaitika muna 2009, apo UN yakagamuchira chisungo chakaitwa naNazarbayev pachake chokudoma August 29 se“Zuva Renyika Dzepasi Pose Kurwisa Miyedzo Yenyukireya.” (Ndiro zuva remhemberero yekuvharwa kweSemipalatinsk Test Facility).

Neopole anoti, "Kazakhstan yakaratidza kushushikana kusingakanganise nezvekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vayo, uye nevanhu vepasirese, mukubatana nekwaya yemanzwi kurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya, kuburikidza nezvirongwa izvi.

“Pakupedzisira,” anowedzera kudaro, “nechikatyamadzo, akasiya chigaro chemutungamiri nokuzvidira ndokusiya mabasa ake mazhinji nemitoro, uye “pamutemo” akadzokera kune rimwe zita remhemberero rekuti 'Elbasy' kana kuti “Mutungamiriri Wenyika” tichichengeta masimba akakosha kuseri kwezviitiko (kusanganisira mukugadzwa kwemakurukota).

Mitemo yevaimbove mutungamiri wenyika yakakwezva tarenda nekudyara kunze kwenyika uye yakabatsira kuti mweya wetarisiro yeramangwana ugare. Bhanga repasi rose rinoti Kazakhstan yakatochinja kubva pakuwana mari yepakati kuenda kune yepakati-yepamusoro mumakore asingasviki makumi maviri. Iko kusanganiswa kwezviwanikwa zvakawanda, rugare rwemumba, kukwira kwehupenyu hwehupfumi, dzidzo, uye sainzi-tekinoroji zviyero zvave kutokwezva mari itsva.

Latvian MEP Andris Ameriks anoti yakawanda yenyaya iyi yebudiriro inofanirwa kuve yakapihwa Mutungamiriri Wekutanga uyo, "pasina kupokana" akaita "budiriro huru muKazakhstan mumatunhu ese enyika, kwete mukati chete asiwo pasi rose.

Achitungamirirwa naye, Kazakhstan yakava "muenzaniso kune dzimwe nyika munharaunda."

Musi waChikunguru 6 nyika inocherekedza ichave chiitiko chakakosha kuKazakhstan: 80th yekuzvarwa kwaNursultan Nazarbayev. Vanhu veKazak vanotarisira kuti mipimo yakakwirira yaakagadza mukati menguva refu ari pachigaro zvino ichaitwa nechizvarwa chinotevera.

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: