Zviremera zve #Kazakhstan vanoita shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika

Kazakhstan yakatora uye yakabvumidza pasuru yakazara yeshanduko yezvematongerwo enyika inogadzira nhanho nyowani mukusunungurwa kwehupenyu hwayo hwemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika. Mitemo mitsva inobata kusimudzirwa kwemasangano akakosha edemocracy - kodzero dzevagari kuungana murunyararo, kurongeka kwesarudzo nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika.

Pakupera kwaMay wegore rino, Mutungamiri weKazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev (kufananidzwa) yakasaina mitemo yakati wandei yakakosha mukusimudzira magariro nezvematongerwo enyika munyika. Zvinosanganisira mitemo "Pamaitiro ekuronga uye kuita magungano ane runyararo muRepublic of Kazakhstan", "Pakuunza zvigadziriso kuMutemo weBumbiro reRepublic of Kazakhstan", "Pasarudzo muRepublic of Kazakhstan", uye "Pakusuma. zvigadziriso uye kuwedzera kuMutemo weRepublic yeKazakhstan "Pamapato Ezvematongerwo enyika".

Mitemo iyi neshanduko dzavanofungidzira chimwe chikamu cheshanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakaiswa pamberi neMutungamiriri sechikamu cheNational Council of Public Trust. Kugamuchirwa kwavo inhanho inokosha kusvika pakuzadzikiswa kwechirevo che "nyika inoteerera", kusimbisa nheyo dzehurumende dzehurumende, nekusimudzira basa revanhu.

Mutemo mutsva wemisangano unorerutsa zvikuru kudzorwa kwepamutemo kwemagungano ane runyararo. Nyanzvi dzakazvimirira, vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu, nemasangano akazvimirira oga vakapinda muhurongwa hwekunyorwa kwemutemo. Mhedzisiro yenhaurirano dzematanho akawanda yaive shanduko mune zvakatarwa zvakaiswa mugwara rekuwedzera kusununguka.

Iye zvino, nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji mumaguta enyika dzinogona kushandiswa nevagari kuita magungano ane runyararo. Mukuwedzera, nzira yekuzivisa magungano ane rugare ichaderedzwa kubva pamazuva 15 kusvika ku5.

Mutemo uyu unonyatsoenderana neChikamu 21 cheInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, uye European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Gwaro iri rinotara misimboti yemagungano erunyararo: anofanirwa kunge ari pamutemo, akazvipira, kwete zvechisimba, uye kwete kuisa njodzi kune imwe nyika kana vagari. Kurambidzwa uye zvisungo zvinorambidza mabasa evatapi venhau hazvibatanidzwewo.

"Tiri kuumba tsika itsva yezvematongerwo enyika. Pluralism yemafungiro uye mamwe maonero ari kuuya pamberi. Zviremera hazvitendi kuti kusawirirana kunoparadza, "mutungamiri weKazakhstan akadaro. Sekureva kwaTokayev, yave nguva yekuti nzanga uye nyika ibate nemazvo kutaura kweruzhinji maonero. "Uye zviri nani kuuya kune izvi wakazvimirira, nekuziva, uye kwete zvekumanikidzwa,” mukuru weKazakhstan akawedzera.

Mutemo wapfuura wakagamuchirwa makore makumi maviri neshanu apfuura uye, sekureva kwenyanzvi dzemumba nevacherechedzi vepasirese, yave ichida ongororo yepfungwa. Mutemo mutsva wa25 unoenderana zvizere nemitemo yenyika - nheyo dzeEuropean Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, uye Article 2020 yeInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Mutemo unovimbisa chinhu chakakosha - kodzero yerusununguko rwekutaura.

Mutemo unotsanangura zvakajeka nheyo dzemagungano erunyararo: dzinofanirwa kunge dziri pamutemo, dzekuzvidira, kwete dzechisimba, uye kwete kuisa njodzi kune imwe nyika kana vagari. Kureva kuti, mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu inocherechedzwa - "zvose zvisingarambidzwe zvinotenderwa" uye "kodzero dzako dzinogumira panotangira kodzero dzevamwe".

Naizvozvo, mutemo "pamagungano erunyararo" chiratidzo chekubudirira kweiyo pfungwa ye "nyika inoteerera.”, yakaziviswa neMutungamiri Tokayev.

Mutemo wesarudzo uri kuvandudzwawo. Mutemo mutsva unogadza kuunzwa kwechikamu chinosungirwa che30% chevakadzi nevechidiki vari pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe ekuberekwa kuti vapinzwe muzvinyorwa zvemapato. Izvi zvinoita kuti vatore chikamu zvakasimba musarudzo dzekumirira bato renzvimbo inomiririra uye dare repasi reParamende.

Mitemo mitsva iyi ichasimbisazve kodzero dzemadzimai nevechidiki kuti vatore chikamu muhupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Maererano nenhamba, nhasi vanopfuura mamiriyoni e4.5 vakadzi vanoita zvehupfumi uye mamiriyoni 2.8 vechidiki vane makore 20 kusvika ku29 vanogara muKazakhstan.

Chikamu che22% chenhengo dzeparamende madzimai (avhareji inomiririrwa nemadzimai muparamende yeOECD i30%). Pane madzimai makumi maviri nevapfumbamwe mudare reMazhilis (Lower House), uye vatanhatu mudare reSeneti, ukuwo vechidiki vari pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe ekuberekwa havamiriri mudare reParamende.

Kune 740 vakadzi vari maslihats (mitumbi yevamiririri venzvimbo), vakakomberedza 22%, uye 53 nhengo dziri pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe. Pakazara pane 29 vamiriri mumaslihats.

Kazhinji, mutemo wequota itsika yakapararira pasi rose. Special bato quotas rinoshandiswa munyika dzeEurope uye rinonyanya kuwanda muGermany, Norway, France neBelgium, uko zvimiro izvi zvakaiswa mumutemo.

Kuunzwa kweakakosha quotas muKazakhstan kuburikidza nemutemo mutsva kuchakurudzira chizvarwa chechidiki cheKazakhstan nevakadzi kuti vatore chikamu muhupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Kukanganisa kwemaitiro matsva emutemo kungangonzwika muna 2021 - gore resarudzo dzinotevera dzeMazhilis eParamende.

Kuvandudzwa kweMutemo weBumbiro reMitemo 'Pasarudzo' uye Mutemo 'Pamapato ezvematongerwo enyika' zvakasainwa neMutungamiriri weNyika. chave chikamu chakakosha chepakeji yekuvandudza iyo inovandudza hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hweKazakhstan kune rusununguko.

Kuderedza chikumbaridzo nhamba yemasaini anodiwa kugadzira sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinogona kutora chikamu musarudzo kubva ku40,000 kusvika ku20,000 vanhu idanho rakakosha kwazvo rekumutsa hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Kugadziridzwa uku kunofambisa kuumbwa kwemapato ezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvinozokanganisa maitiro ebudiriro uye kutorwa kwezvisarudzo zvehurumende.

Kuchinja kwemutemo kuchabatsira kusimbisa basa remapato ezvematongerwo enyika uye kuwedzera simba ravo pane zvese zviri kuitika muKazakhstan. Mutungamiri Kassym-Jomart Tokayev akati Kazakhstan iri kutanga "nyika inoteerera". Uye nyika inogona kunzwa vagari vayo kuburikidza nemasangano emasangano ezvematongerwo enyika akadai semapato ezvematongerwo enyika, uye kuburikidza nekupinda kwavo muhurongwa hwesarudzo.

Nhasi, mapato matanhatu ezvematongerwo enyika akanyoreswa muKazakhstan, uye mutemo wakagamuchirwa uchagadzira imwe kukurudzira kwekubuda kwemapato matsva.

Matanho anosanganisirwa mumitemo akanangana nekugadziridza nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika, kuwedzera makwikwi mundima yebato rezvematongerwo enyika, uye kuita kuti masangano esarudzo asanganisire vanhu uye aenzane.

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