Geopolitical kukwikwidza pfungwa sekuonekwa kubva kuUS-Soviet Union misiyano

Pasi pemamiriro ekukwira kweanopesana nepasi rose, denda reCCIDID-19 rinowedzera kukanganisa nharaunda yepasirese geopolitical. Muenzaniso wakatanhamara weizvi hukama hweUS-China huri munjodzi iri kuwedzera kuita kunetsana kuzere, anonyora He Jun.

Kubva zvakatora chigaro cheMutungamiriri wenyika, VaDonald Trump, kushomeka kwekutengeserana uye nyaya dzine chekuita nemitero dzaiwanzotaurwa sechikonzero chekuwedzera kukakavara kweChina neUS. Muchokwadi, zviri kuitika ndezvekuti US yakatsanangurazve nzvimbo yeChina. Sekutaura kunoita “National Defense Strategy Report”, China ndiyo mukwikwidzi wekutanga weUS kwenguva refu. Iyi shanduko yakakosha isati yamboonekwa kubva pakupera kweCold War.

Zvinhu zvaizofamba sei mune ramangwana? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo iwoyo, tinofanira kutanga tatarira shure kunhau. Kana chiitiko chenhoroondo chakafanana chichizowanikwa, zvakakosha kuti tiwedzere kutarisisa kwachiri, sezvo chichitibvumira kunzwisisa zviri nani pfungwa dzeUS'geopolitical competition.

Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti George Kennan ndiye aive ari kumashure kweCold War uye zano rekuchengetedza, kunyangwe muchokwadi, pakanga paine mamwe ma geo-strategists akabatanidzwa mukati memakore makumi mana neshanu nhoroondo yeCold War zvakare, kusanganisira Zbigniew Brzezinski. Brzezinski aizivikanwa zvikuru muPolish-Jewish American geostrategic theorist ane basa rezvematongerwo enyika raive pamusoro payo paakashanda seMutungamiriri Jimmy Carter's National Security Advisor uye aionekwawo sede facto manipulator weUS yekune dzimwe nyika mutemo mukupera kwema45. Muna 1970, akabudisa bhuku racho Game Plan, iyo inopesana nezvitendero zvakakurumbira, haina kukurukura zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvepfungwa kana hurongwa hwenyika muUS neSoviet Union, asi yakashanda segwara rekuita mumakwikwi ezvematongerwo enyika. Yakapa US "geostrategic framework yemafambisirwo emakwikwi eUS-Soviet Union" kuburikidza nechirevo chakaumbwa asi chinogutsa.

Brzezinski akataura kuti kurwisana pakati pemasimba emugungwa nekondinendi kwaiwanzorebeswa, uye kuti kurwisana kweUS-Soviet Union kwakanga kuri kwenhoroondo muzvarirwo. Vanhu vakawedzera kuziva kuti kunetsana kwakabva pazvikonzero zvakawanda uye kwakaoma kugadzirisa zvizere uye nekukurumidza. Kwemakumi emakore aitevera, kurwisana kwacho kwaitofanira kubatwa neshiviriro huru uye netsungiriro nenyika dzose dziri mbiri. Brzezinski akatoita nharo kuti geopolitical factors chete zvinogona kusundira masimba maviri makuru epashure pehondo mukukonana. Misiyano yeUS neSoviet Union yaive yakakura kupfuura chero vadzivisi vaviri vakamboona nhoroondo, uye inogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu gumi:

1. Misiyano yezvavanoda zvezvematongerwo enyika: Hukama pakati peUS neSoviet Union hwakanga husiri kurwisana kwekare pakati pemasimba makuru maviri, kwaive kurwisana kwemasimba maviri eumambo zvakare. Yakave kekutanga munhoroondo kuti nyika mbiri dzikwikwidzane kutonga pasi rose.

2. Zviitiko zvenhoroondo zvakasarudzika zvakaumba kusaziva kwezvematongerwo enyika dzose dziri mbiri: US yaive nzanga yakavhurika uye yakasununguka inoumbwa nevabvakure vanozvipira. Pasinei nokusiyana-siyana kwavaiita, vatami ava vaishuva ramangwana rakafanana. Zvichakadaro, nzanga yeSoviet yakawira pasi pemasangano ehurumende uye nekudaro, yakadzoserwa kukutonga kwavo. ISoviet Union yakawana kuwedzera kwayo kuburikidza nekukunda kwesimba rakarongeka uye chirango chekuenda kune dzimwe nyika chinotungamirirwa nehurumende yepakati.

3. Uzivi hwakasiyana: Uzivi hwakadaro hungave huchiumba pfungwa yerudzi kana kuti hunotangwa zviri pamutemo kuburikidza nepfungwa. Kusimbisa kweAmerica pamunhu kunowanikwa muBill of Rights. ISoviet Union yakaisa pfungwa uye tsika yemunhu anozviisa pasi pehurumende.

4.Kusiyana kwemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika netsika kunotaridza kuti sarudzo dzinokurukurwa uye dzinoitwa sei: US ine hurongwa hwemakwikwi ezvematongerwo enyika hwakavhurika hunosimbiswa nemafungiro everuzhinji akasununguka uye hunoitwa nemavhoti epachivande, sarudzo dzakasununguka, uye kupatsanurwa kwekuziva kwevakuru, vemitemo, uye masimba okutonga. Soviet Union zvisinei, yakakomekedza masimba aya nenzira yehumwe, mumaoko ehutungamiriri hwakavharika uye hwakarongeka hwaive zvese kuzvisarudzira uye kuzvisimudzira.

5. Misiyano yehukama pakati pezvitendero nezvematongerwo enyika zvinotsanangura pfungwa dzenzanga: US inokoshesa rusununguko rwemunhu rwekusarudza chitendero chavo vakasununguka uye inoderedza uye inoparadzanisa chechi nenyika nehana. Zvichakadaro, Soviet Union yakaisa chechi pasi pehurumende. Ikoku kwakaitwa kwete kuroverera mipimo yorudzidziso yeothodox, asi panzvimbo pezvo kusimudzira kusadavira kuvapo kwaMwari kunotsigirwa nehurumende ukuwo kuchiganhurira kuwanda kwemibato yorudzidziso.

6. Hurongwa hwehupfumi hwakasiyana: Kunyange husiri hwakakwana, hurongwa hwehupfumi hweAmerica hunopa vanhu mikana uye hunokurudzira munhu mumwe nemumwe kuita nhanho, kuve muridzi wega, kutora njodzi, uye kutsvaga purofiti. Inopa mararamiro epamusoro kuvanhu vakawanda. MuSoviet Union, hutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakatungamira mabasa ese ehupfumi, nzira huru dzekugadzira dzakaiswa pakati pevaridzi vehurumende, uye danho remahara uye varidzi vega zvakaganhurirwa nemaune kuseri kwehurombo hwehupfumi hunoramba huchienderera uye kusadzokera shure.

7. Nzira dzakasiyana mukutsvaga kuzvigutsa: IUS inyika isingachinji, inotariswa nevatengi uye inofambiswa zvakanyanya. Hunhu hwayo huzhinji, husina kuchena mune dzimwe nzira, hunowanzo chinja fashoni uye kuyedza nguva nenguva. Manzwiro evanhu ikoko zvakare, anowanzochinja kamwe kamwe. Zvimwe imhaka yekushaikwa kwekunzwa basa rehurumende muUS kuti nyika haikwanise kuita zvinodiwa kune vanhu. Nekune rimwe divi, Soviet Union yakasimudzira nzira ine mwero uye inoganhurira yekurarama mukati metsika dzayo uye yakabvumira vagari kutsvaga nyaradzo kubva pakadzika, pamwe hukama hwepedyo hwemhuri uye hushamwari hwakaungana kupfuura vangambowana maAmerican. Zvakadaro, vanhu vazhinji veSoviet vaifanira kuteerera kune zvakakura zvaidiwa neSocialist patriotism.

8. Zvirongwa zvose zviri zviviri zvinofadza pfungwa dzakasiyana: Sangano reUnited States rinopesvedzera pasi rose kuburikidza nekukurukurirana uye nenhepfenyuro kuburikidza ne "Americanizing" vechidiki uye kugadzira mufananidzo wakawedzeredza wenyika, zvinopesana neSoviet Union iyo yakakudziridza chimiro che "nzanga yakanaka" iyo. inokwezva nyika dzine urombo pasi rose. Yakazviratidza seyanguard mukumukira kwepasirese, kunyangwe zano iri rakarasa kuvimbika apo vanhu vakaziva kusamira kwenharaunda yeSoviet, kushomeka kwayo muhupfumi uye hutungamiriri hwayo hwezvematongerwo enyika.

9. Masimba makuru maviri aya aive nenhoroondo dzakasiyana dzekukwira nekudzikira kwesimba nekusimba pamwe nekubudirira: US ichiri pakakwirira payo. Hupenyu hwayo hunogona kunge hwapera, asi hunoramba huri simba repasi rose kumberi zvakadaro. Chero bedzi nhoroondo inogona kurangarira, Soviet Union yakashuvira kuve yechitatu Roma kwenguva yakareba, nekudaro kutsvaga kwayo hegemony uye kuda kwayo kuita zvimwe zvibayiro zvinodiwa zvichienzaniswa nemukwikwidzi wayo.

. Inoshuvira kutungamira nyika maererano nezvinotarisirwa pasi rose.Zvishuvo zveSoviet Union zvakange zvakanangana ne "kupfuura US" kuti ive musimboti wenyika inoumbwa nenyika dzeSocialist dziri kuwedzera dzakagovana chikoro chepfungwa, pamwe nekuva pakati peEurasia mukuyedza kusabvisa mupikisi wayo.

Mhedziso yekupedzisira yekuongorora

Tichitarisa kumashure pakuongorora kwaBrzezinski makore makumi matatu nemana apfuura, muna 34, isu tinogona kufungidzira pfungwa iri kuseri kwemakwikwi eUS'geopolitical panguva yeCold War. Zvichienzaniswa nekare, US yakachinja zvikuru. Ichiri kuomerera kune dzimwe nheyo dzayo dzakapfuura, kunyange zvazvo dzakawanda dzakabviswa. Dzimwe nheyo dzakangofanana, kunyange zvazvo shoko raro rachinja. Tichifunga izvozvo, makwikwi epasi rose ezvematongerwo enyika akaitwa neUnited States yakadzokororwa anogona kuburitsa mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pane idzo panguva yeCold War. Ehe, chero nyika huru iyo "inokwikwidza" neUS inoda kudzidza zvidzidzo kubva mukukura kweSoviet Union zvakare, kuti vasadzokorora kukanganisa kwavo.

Iye Jun anotora zvinzvimbo seAnbound shamwari uye director weChina Macro-Economic Research Team uye mukuru muongorori. Nzvimbo yake yekutsvagisa inofukidza China's macro-economy, indasitiri yesimba uye mutemo weveruzhinji.

Maonero anotaurwa muchinyorwa chino ndeaya emunyori ega uye haaratidze chero maonero e EU Mutori wenhau.

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