#Russia vs #China

Kubatana pakati peRussia neChina kune kwakadzika nhoroondo midzi, uye kuratidzwa kwayo kwekutanga kunogona kuwanikwa kare munguva yehondo yevagari vekuChina. Zvinoita sekuti nyika mbiri idzi dzinofanirwa kunge dzakanyanya kubatana nepfungwa dzechikomunisti, asi vavariro dzevatungamiriri vadzo uye kuda kuva vekutanga uye vane simba zvakanyanya ndiko kwaive simba rinotonga. Hukama pakati penyika idzi hwakaona nguva dzekubudirira, pamwe nenguva dzehondo, anonyora Zintis Znotiņš.

Hukama huri pakati penyika mbiri idzi pari zvino hunoratidzwa sehushamwari, asi zvakaoma kuzvidaidza kuti zvine hushamwari zvechokwadi. Kunyangwe munguva yakapfuura, hukama pakati peUSSR neChina hwaive hwakavakirwa pakuverenga kwenyika imwe neimwe uye kuedza kuita chinzvimbo chekutungamira, uye hazviratidzike sechinhu chachinja panguva ino, kunyangwe China yave "yakangwara" uye zviwanikwa- akachenjera akapfuma mutambi kupfuura Russia.

Iye zvino tichatarisa "kufanana" pakati peChina neRussia, nzira dzavari kushandira pamwe uye tarisiro yeramangwana kune vese vari vaviri.

Russia ihafu-presidential federative republic, ukuwo China inyika yesocialist inotongwa nemunyori mukuru webato rayo reCommunist.

Tatoona misiyano yepamutemo, asi kana tikanyura zvakadzika nyika dzese dziri mbiri dzinonzwa kunge mapatya eSiamese. Kune anopfuura bato rimwe muRussia, asi bato rimwe chete rinosarudza zvese zvinoitika munyika - United Russia. Russia haisi kumboedza kuvanza chinangwa chekumisikidza bato iri, kutsigira kosi yakatorwa neMutungamiriri weRussia Vladimir Putin.

China zvakare ine mapato mapfumbamwe¹, asi mumwe chete wavo ndiye anobvumirwa kutonga uye ndiye Communist Bato reChina izvo zvinopindura munyori mukuru ari zvakare mutungamiri wenyika.

Naizvozvo, kune bato rimwe chete riri kutonga muRussia neChina, uye bato iri ndiro rine basa rekuita nekuita zvese zvinenge zvichidiwa nemutungamiri wenyika, zvichireva kuti nyika dzese dziri kutongwa nevanhu vashoma. Kufanozivisa zvabuda musarudzo muRussia neChina kwakaoma sekukwanisa kutaura kuti zuva rakatevera Muvhuro iChipiri. Kuti ndinyore chidimbu ichi, ndakapedza nguva yakawanda ndichiverenga nhoroondo yeChina neRussia uye nezviitiko zviri kuitika munyika idzi, uye nechikonzero ichi ndakafunga kuti tinofanirawo kutarisa zvinoreva izwi rekuti "totalitarianism" .

Totalitarianism inzira yezvematongerwo enyika umo nyika inotongwa pasina kubatanidzwa kwevanhu vayo uye sarudzo dzinoitwa pasina kubvumirana kweruzhinji rwevanhu; muutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hunonyanya kukosha hwemagariro, ehupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika zvinodzorwa nehurumende. Imhando yehudzvanyiriri apo hutongi hunoganhurira vanhu vahwo mune zvese zvinofungidzirwa zvehupenyu.

Zvinocherechedzwa maitiro:

Simba rinobatwa neboka duku revanhu - chikwata;

Kupikisa kunodzvinyirirwa uye hugandanga huzhinji chishandiso chekutonga nyika;

Zvose zvehupenyu zviri pasi pezvido zvehurumende uye pfungwa inotonga;

Veruzhinji vanounganidzwa vachishandisa hunhu hwemutungamiri, kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda, propaganda nedzimwe nzira dzakafanana;

Aggressive uye expansionist mutemo wokune dzimwe nyika;

Kudzora kwakazara pamusoro pehupenyu hweveruzhinji.²

China neRussia inyika dzehudzvinyiriri zvechokwadi here? Pakarepo, kwete, asi kana tikatarisa hunhu hwayo tinoona mufananidzo wakasiyana zvachose. Isu tichatarisa kune ese ezviratidzo zvehudzvinyiriri muChina neRussia, asi isu hatizonyura zvakanyanya muzviitiko uye zviitiko izvo vazhinji vedu tatoziva nazvo.

Tinogona here kutaura kuti ruzhinji rwevagari veRussia neChina vari kuita sarudzo? Zvakadaro, senge, nekuti sarudzo dzinoitika munyika idzi, asi tingadzidaidza kuti "sarudzo"? Hazvigoneke kunyora mavhidhiyo ese kana zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzekuvhotera dzinoshanda sei kuitira kuti vape zvakabuda musarudzo. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti veruzhinji vanobatanidzwa mukuita sarudzo, kungoti mhedzisiro inogara ichitemerwa nevane masimba.

Ndima yekupedzisira inotisvitsa pachinhu chekutanga: simba rinobatwa neboka duku revanhu - chikwata. Nyika mbiri idzi dzinotongwa nevatungamiri vanogadza chero wavanoda uye vanodzinga wavanoda. Iri isimba rinobatwa neboka duku revanhu. Pfungwa inotevera - kudzvinyirira vanopikisa uye kushandisa hugandanga huzhinji kutonga nyika. Vezvenhau vakanyora zvakakwana nezve kudzvanyirira vanopikisa munyika mbiri idzi, uye munhu wese akaona vhidhiyo kana maviri pane iyi nyaya. Kumisa vanopikisa vezvematongerwo enyika uye chero zviitiko zvakarongwa navo Russia neChina vanoshandisa kwete mapurisa avo chete, asi mauto zvakare. Nguva nenguva, ruzivo rwunoita sekuti muratidziri anopikisa akapondwa mune imwe yenyika, uye mhondi idzi hadzina kumbogadziriswa.

Hatichatombotanga kutaura nezvenyaya dzehutsotsi uye kusungwa kwevanopikisa hurumende. Tinogona kutaura kuti pfungwa iri mubvunzo ndeyechokwadi zvachose. Nezve ese ezvimiro zvehupenyu kuve pasi pehurumende uye pfungwa - pane chero munhu asina chokwadi neizvi? Kana Russia iri kuita kudzora uye "kudzidzisa" vagari vayo zvisingatarisike, China haina nguva yemhemberero - Bato reCommunist reChina rakaburitsa nhungamiro mitsva yekuvandudza "hunhu" hwevagari vayo, uye izvi zvinobata pane zvese zvaungafungidzira. zvehupenyu hwemunhu wega - kubva pakuronga mhemberero dzemuchato kusvika pakupfeka zvakafanira.³ Veruzhinji muRussia neChina vanounganidzwa vachishandisa chinamato chehunhu, kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda, propaganda nedzimwe nzira? Tinogona kutarisa 9 Chivabvu mhemberero muRussia uye zvese zvakatenderedza rhetoric, uye zviitiko zvakatsaurirwa kune yegore rekutanga rePeople's Republic of China. Ndine urombo, asi zvinoita sekunge ndiri kuona imwe nguva yaStalin naHitler montage asi mune yazvino fashoni, uye pachinzvimbo chaStalin naHitler pane zviso zvitsva. Chii chasara? Ehe, hukasha uye expansionist mutemo wokune dzimwe nyika. China yave ichishanda zvakanyanya muSouth China Sea kwemakore mazhinji ikozvino, izvo zvakawedzera kusawirirana pakati pemauto evakidzani vayo - Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan neVietnam.

China iri kuenderera mberi nekubata, kuvaka nemaoko zvitsuwa zviri kure nemahombekombe ayo. Uye mumakore achangopfuura China yanga ichinyanya kurwisa Taiwan, iyo hurumende inoona seyavo chaiyo.⁴ China yakazvipirawo kutemera zvirango nyika idzo dziri kuda kutengesa zvombo kuTaiwan.

Nekudaro, kana zvasvika pakurwiswa nezvombo, China inopenya mukuenzanisa neRussia, iyo isinganyare kushandisa chisimba chepfuti kurwisa vavakidzani vayo vepedyo uye vari kure kuti isvike pazvinangwa zvayo. Kurwisana kweRussia kunofambidzana nehunihilism yayo. Ndine chokwadi chekuti handifanire kukuyeuchidza nezve zviitiko muGeorgia, Ukraine uye kare muChechnya zvakare. Russia ichashandisa mukana wese kuratidza munhu wese chombo chayo chikuru, uye izvi zvinosanganisira zvakananga kana pachivande kuita mhirizhonga dzakasiyana dzehondo.

Pamwe vamwe venyu havabvumirani nazvo, asi sezvandinoona China neRussia parizvino inyika dzehudzvanyiriri muhunhu hwadzo.

Nhoroondo yakatiratidza kuti kusvika pane imwe nguva kunyange nyika mbiri dzine udzvanyiriri dzinokwanisa kubatira pamwe. Ngatiyeukei “ushamwari” pakati peNazi Germany neUSSR, asi ngatirege kukanganwa kuti ushamwari uhwu hwakaguma nei.

Ichokwadi zvakare kuti zvirango zvehupfumi zvakatemerwa Russia zvaita kuti iite hushamwari neChina, asi zvinoita sekuti China ichabuda seyakakunda pahukama uhwu.

Maererano nedata kubva kuChinese Ministry of Commerce, muna 2018 hupfumi hweChinese hwakagamuchira 56.6 miriyoni USD mukudyara kwakananga kubva kuRussia (+ 137.4%), zvichireva kuti pakupera kwe2018 huwandu hwemari yakananga kubva kuRussia yakasvika 1,066.9 miriyoni USD.

Muna 2018, hupfumi hweRussia hwakagamuchira 720 miriyoni USD mukudyara kwakananga kubva kuChina, zvichikonzera huwandu hwe10,960 miriyoni USD mukudyara kwakananga kubva kuChina mukupera kwa2018.

Iwo makuru mativi ekudyara kweChinese muRussia isimba, kurima uye masango, kuvaka nekuvaka, kutengeserana, indasitiri yemwenje, machira, zvinhu zvemagetsi zvemumba, masevhisi, nezvimwe.

Iwo makuru mativi ekudyara kweRussia muChina kugadzirwa, kuvaka uye kutakura.⁵ Tinogona kuona kubva muhuwandu hwekudyara kuti mune iyi "hushamwari" China yakapfuura kure Russia. Isu hatigonewo kufuratira chokwadi chekuti China yakatanga mapurojekiti makuru ekudyara mune dzimwe nyika kupfuura Russia.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kutenga kweChina zvombo zvehondo kwakabvumira zvirongwa zvezvombo zveRussia kuvepo. Russia yakatengesa zvombo zvemazuva ano kuChina, zvisinei nekunetsekana kwekuti China ichakwanisa "kukopa" zvombo zvakagamuchirwa uye nekuzvivandudza. Asi kudiwa kwemari kwakakura zvikuru kunetseka pamusoro pezvinhu zvakadaro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mukutanga kwa2020 kwakagumiswa kuti China yakapfuura Russia mukugadzira nekutengesa zvombo.⁶

Kana tikatarisa nzira iyo Russia neChina dziri kuedza kuumba maonero eruzhinji munguva refu, tinogona kuona misiyano. Russia inoedza kuita izvi ichishandisa zvinyorwa, zviitwa zvekuratidzira uye kuyedza kuti vekwayo vave vagari venyika yavo yekugara vachichengetedza hutsika hwavo kuitira kuti vamise ruzivo rwehungwaru, hupfumi uye hwemweya-tsika mune zvematongerwo enyika.⁷ China, pamusoro peizvi zvese, yakagadzira Confucius Institutes dziri pasi peChinese Ministry of Education. Kune huwandu hwe5,418 Confucius Institutes kana makirasi pasi rese. Aya masangano, akatumidzwa zita remuzivi anozivikanwa zvikuru weChinese, akashoropodza zvakanyanya pasi rose nekuda kwemaonero ayo ekunze kwenyika - ayo anonzvenga kukurukura nezvekodzero dzevanhu kana kutenda kuti Taiwan kana Tibet zvikamu zvisingapatsanuriki zveChina. Masangano aya ari kupomerwa mhosva yehusori uye kuganhurira rusununguko rwezvidzidzo.

“Masangano eConfucius mucherechedzo unokwezva kuti tsika dzedu dzipararire kunze kwenyika,” mumiriri wePolitburo yeCommunist Party Li Changchun akadaro muna 2011. “Agara ari mari inokosha mukuwedzera simba redu rakapfava. Zita rechiratidzo "Confucius" rinoyevedza. Nekushandisa chidzidzo chemutauro sevhavha, zvese zvinotaridzika zvine musoro uye zvinogamuchirika kubva kunze. " Hutungamiri hweBato reCommunist hunodaidza masangano aya chikamu chakakosha chemidziyo yayo yekuparadzira kunze kwenyika, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumakore gumi nemaviri apfuura China yakashandisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora pazviri. Bumbiro remasangano aya⁹ inotaura kuti hutungamiriri hwavo, vashandi, nhungamiro, zvekushandisa uye mari zhinji yavo inosimbiswa ne Hanban institution iri pasi peChinese Ministry of Education.¹⁰

Vese vagari vekuRussia neChina vanotenga kana kurenda zvivakwa kunze kwenyika. Vanhu vekuRussia vanoita izvi kuitira kuti vawane kumwe kwekuenda kana zvichidiwa.

Vagari veChinese nemakambani zvishoma nezvishoma vanorenda kana kutenga nzvimbo dzakakura dzenzvimbo muRussia Far East. Iko hakuna fungidziro chaiyo yehuwandu hwevhu hwakapihwa kumaChina, asi zvinonzi hunogona kusvika pakati pe1-1.5 bhiriyoni mahekita.¹¹

Tingagumisa kutii kubva pane zvose izvi? China neRussia, muchidimbu, inyika dzehudzvanyiriri dzine zvishuvo zvakakura. Kana Russia ikaedza kusvika pazvishuvo zvayo nenzira yehasha uye yekusanyara zviri pachena, saka China iri kuita zvimwe chete nekuchenjerera uye kufunga. Kana Russia ichiwanzoshandisa nzira dzemauto kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo, China ingangoshandisa zvemari. Kana Russia ichiedza kuzadzisa zvishuvo zvayo nekuzvikudza, ipapo China inowana mhedzisiro imwechete nekuita semutsa uye kuzvininipisa.

Inyika ipi yaswedera pedyo nechinangwa chayo? Ndinotenda kuti zvirokwazvo haisi Russia. Mukuwedzera, seUSSR, Russia zvakare inotenda kuti iri nani kupfuura China. Asi kune avo vanoona vari padivi, zviri pachena kuti munzvimbo dzakawanda China yakabudirira kure neRussia uye yave kutotora nzvimbo yeRussia.

Izvi zvinotidzosera kunhoroondo - chii chinoitika kana nyika mbiri dzehudzvanyiriri dzichigovana muganhu? Mumwe wavo anopedzisira anyangarika. Parizvino, zvinoita sekunge China yaita zvese zvaigona kuti irambe iri pamepu yenyika.

1 https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%A0

2 https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalit%C4%81risms

3 https://www.la.lv/komunistiska-kina-publice-vadlinijas-pilsonu-moralas-kvalitates-uzlabosanai

4 https://www.delfi.lv/news/arzemes/devini-konflikti-kas-apdraud-pasauli-2019-gada.d?id=50691613&page=4

5 http://www.russchinatrade.ru/ru/ru-cn-cooperation/inivhesitimendi

6 http://www.ng.ru/economics/2020-01-27/4_7778_weapon.html

7 https://www.tvnet.lv/5684274/krievijas-am-tautiesiem-arzemes-jaklust-par-pilntiesigiem-mitnes-valstu-pilsoniem

8 http://english.hanban.org/node_10971.htm

9 http://english.hanban.org/node_7880.htm

10 https://rebaltica.lv/2019/08/kinas-maigas-varas-rupja-seja/

11 https://www.sibreal.org/a/29278233.tml

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