#China haiite charity

Ndichatanga ndichiti zvese zviri kuitika izvozvi uye zvese zvichauya zvakatoitika, anonyora mutori wenhau anoongorora Zintis Znotiņš.

Musiyano chete ndewekuti zviitiko zviri kuitika panguva ino zvakatora chimiro chemazuva ano. Neizvi ndinoreva kuti izvo zvino zvinowanzoonekwa sekubudirira kana hunyanzvi chinhu chakagadziridzwa kare, chete iko zvino chakapfekedzwa mukunzwisisa kutsva uye chakaputirwa mune tekinoroji nyowani kuti ikwane nguva yazvino.

China inyika ine yekare kare inochengetedza uye inotevera tsika dzayo, uye nechikonzero ichi munhu anogona kuedza kunzwisisa zviito zveChina nekuzviona kuburikidza neprism yenhoroondo. Vazhinji vepasirese vanoziva naSun Tzu, mukuru weChinese, strategist uye muzivi akararama mungave muzana ramakore rechitanhatu kana rechina BC.

Yakanga iri nekuda kwekukunda kwaSun Tzu kuti nyika yake yakawedzera simba. Paakasiya basa, akanyora chibvumirano chemauto The Art of War, inova imwe yezvidimbu zvakakurumbira pane zvematongerwo enyika uye zano.1 Ndine chokwadi chekuti vatongi veChinese vanotonga, kusanganisira vatungamiriri vemasevhisi akasiyana, vakaverenga basa raSun Tzu. Naizvozvo, tinogona kuwana akawanda emakona maitiro eChina muzvinyorwa zveSun Tzu.

Iye anonyora, kuti: “Naizvozvo, munhu ane unyanzvi munheyo dzehondo anokurira muvengi asingarwi, anotora guta rakakomberedzwa romuvengi asingarwisi, uye anowisira pasi muvengi nokukurumidza, pasina hondo yenguva refu. . Naizvozvo, zvombo hazvizogomara, uye kuwana kuchave kwakasimba. Aya ndiwo misimboti yekuronga kurwisa. Kana imwe nguva yapfuura pfungwa ye 'unyanzvi hwehondo' yaigona kungofungidzirwa mukati mehondo yezvombo, saka ikozvino. nyika dzinoedza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvadzo nekutumira nzira dzezvematongerwo enyika uye dzemari kunhandare yehondo."

Tinogona kuzvitarisa nenzira iyi: pane imwe nguva munhoroondo yedu zvaikwanisika kutora simba pamusoro peguta kana nyika nechisimba; ikozvino, zvisinei, zvinogona kuitwa nemari zviridzwa. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuita izvi - kubva kune dzakanyanya kukosha dzakaita sechiokomuhomwe, kusvika kune dzakakwenenzverwa dzakaita sekudyara, rubatsiro uye zvikwereti. Saka, nzira yechinyakare yehondo inoshandisa zvombo iri kutsiviwa nehondo ine hunyanzvi, chombo chikuru chine MARI. Uye handirevi nyaya dzechiokomuhomwe dzakachipa.

Chokwadi chakanyanya kuomarara, uye pakutanga hapana anombotsunga kufungidzira zvinangwa zve "mubatsiri" wavo. Mumwe wevatambi vakuru vari kutora chikamu mumutambo uyu iChina. Kwemakumi maviri emakore apfuura, China yave mukweretesi mukuru wepasirese, aine zvichemo zvinodarika 5% yeGDP yepasi rose. Pakazara, hurumende yeChina nemakambani ayo akapa madhora miriyoni 1.5 muchikwereti chakananga uye zvikwereti zvekutengesa kunyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu.

Izvi zvaita kuti China ive nyika ine chikwereti chikuru pasi rose, ichikunda masangano akaita seWorld Bank, International Monetary Fund kana kuti hurumende dzose dzeOECD dzinokweretesa mari dzabatanidzwa. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mazhinji ezvikwereti zveChinese izvi zvinochengetedzwa, zvichireva kuti chikwereti chinodzoserwa kubva pamari inowanikwa, semuenzaniso, kubva kune kunze kwenyika. Nyika dzakawanda dzatove nechikwereti China chinosvika makumi maviri muzana eGDP yadzo (Djibouti, Tonga, Maldives, Congo, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Niger, Laos, Zambia, Samoa, Vanuatu neMongolia).2

Iyo "dhipatimendi rechikwereti" rinoshanda nesimba neChina mumakore achangopfuura rine chinangwa chekuwana pesvedzero yezvematongerwo enyika munyika "dzisiri panjodzi" mudunhu reAsia-Pacific.3

Zvinonyanya kuitika kuti China hainganetse kana dzimwe nyika dziri munzvimbo dzayo dzekufarira dzichiratidzawo kufarira zvikwereti zvakakura kana magrants, nekuti zvino ingangove nyaya yenguva kusvika China yadaidza mapfuti munyika idzi. Sezvineiwo, nyika zhinji dzinogona kukunda muedzo wokuwana mari iri nyore kudaro. Tinogona kudhirowa kufanana nezvikwereti zvembatya kana bhizinesi rechikwereti chenguva pfupi. Zviri nyore uye zvinogutsa kukwereta mari, asi kana nguva yasvika yekudzosera mari, zvino…Chokwadi, China ichave ine hushamwari uye inochinjika panguva yehurukuro dzine chekuita nekubhadharwa kwechikwereti.

Kana usingakwanise kudzosa mari, tinogona kudzikisira mari yacho kana kutodzima chikwereti chacho, asi kuti tiite izvi tichakukumbira kuti uite ichi neicho. Chii chaizvo chinogona kukumbirwa neChina - mikana yacho isingaperi: kutanga nemamiriro ezvinhu anobhadhara mukutengeserana pamwe chete kana kukumbirwa kwenyika dzese, uye kupera nerendi yenguva refu yezvinhu zvakati.

Nekudaro, ini ndakatotaura kuti nyika zhinji hadzidi chero chekuita nezvikwereti zvekutanga zveChina, asi hazvireve kuti China inoda kumira. Pane kudaro, China yafunga kutora nzira yakati rebei kuti izadzise zvinangwa zvayo, uye mugwagwa uyu ndiwo une ngozi, asiwo wakatsiga uye unoshanda - kudyara. China ikozvino yakaisa mari mune akati wandei mega-zvirongwa. Ndichangodoma mashoma chete: Pakistan yakaona mari hombe: semuenzaniso, $46 bhiriyoni yakashandiswa kushandura mafambiro ePakistan uye network yemagetsi.

Chirongwa chenyukireya cheKarachi K2/K3 chinonyanya kutsigirwa nebhanga renyika rekuChina reExim Bank iro rakaendesa mari inodarika $6.6.bn mumatanho matatu ekubhadhara. Zvivako zvekufambisa muEthiopia zvakagamuchirawo mari. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muguta guru renyika yeAddis Ababa, uko China yakatsigira chikamu chikuru chezvifambiso, kubva mumigwagwa mitsva yekupfuura kusvika kune yekutanga metro system muSub-Saharan Africa.

Kubva 2000 kusvika 2017, Sri Lanka, nyika ine chikwereti chakakomba, yakagamuchira zvinopfuura € 12bn kubva kuChina nenzira yezvikwereti kana rubatsiro. Kusvikira 2017, hurumende yeSri Lanka yakaremerwa nezvikwereti zvehutungamiri hwekare. Chirongwa chekufambisa chiteshi chengarava cheHambantota, icho chakapera muna 2011, chakapihwa mari nehurumende yeChina iyo yakatora kambani yehurumende kuti iite basa rekuvaka chiteshi ichi ichipinza vashandi zvikuru vekuChina.

Pashure pemwedzi yenhaurirano, chiteshi chengarava chakatumirwa pamwe chete nenyika yakapoteredza iyo yakakwereteswa kuChina kwemakore 99. Izvi zvinoratidza chinangwa chechokwadi cheChina, iyo ikozvino yatora chiteshi munzvimbo yakananga yeIndia kwemakore akati wandei.4 China yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya, uye zvakagumiswa kuti kushushikana kukuru kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu muPakistan neSri Lanka, uko China "yekukweretesa diplomacy" yasvika pamwero wekuti hurumende dzenyika idzi dzinomanikidzwa kupa zvinhu zvadzo. kuChina, semuenzaniso, zviteshi kana zvigadziko zvemauto.5

Belarus yakasaina chibvumirano nebazi reShanghai reChina Development Bank mukupera kwa2019 pakugamuchira chikwereti che450 miriyoni euros. Chikwereti ichi hachina kuitirwa chimwe purojekiti uye chinogona kushandiswa kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira kubhadhara chikwereti chehurumende, kuchengetedza goridhe reBelarus uye mari yekuchengetedza uye kufambisira mberi kutengeserana pakati peBelarus neChina.6

Rimwe remapurojekiti makuru, zvisinei, iBelt and Road Initiative (BRI) inova nzira yekusimudzira yepasi rose yakatorwa neChina muna 2013 iyo inofanoona kusimukira kwezvivakwa pamwe nekudyara munyika dzinosvika makumi manomwe nemasangano epasi rose muAsia, Europe neAsia.

Hurumende yeChina inoti chirongwa ichi "chakanangana nekuvandudza kuenderana kwedunhu uye kutsigira ramangwana rakajeka". Vamwe vacherechedzi vanozviona sekutonga kweChina muzvinhu zvepasi rose nekushandisa network yayo yekutengeserana. Chirongwa ichi chinotarisirwa kupera muna 2049, izvo zvinoitika kuti zvienderane nekuyeukwa kwezana remakore rePeople's Republic of China.7

Parizvino, China yakasaina zvibvumirano zvekushandira pamwe zvine chekuita neBRI nemarudzi zana nemakumi matatu nesere nemasangano makumi matatu epasi rose. Tichitarisa zvinangwa zveChina 8, hapana mibvunzo yekuti ndiani anoda kuve mutambi mukuru wepasirese. Rondedzero yenyika dzakabatikana muchirongwa cheChina yakakura, saka ndichangodoma dzimwe: Poland, Greece, Portugal, Italy, Austria, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, nezvimwe.

Kana tikatarisa kuvharwa kwenzvimbo, mabasa ekuvaka anotarisirwa achaitika muAfrica, Europe neAsia. Nyika dzeBaltic hadzisi kuita zvakananga muchirongwa cheBRI, asi izvi hazvireve kuti China haifarire kufambisira mberi pesvedzero yayo mudunhu, sezvo nyika dzeBaltic inhengo dzeEU neNATO uye dzinokwanisa kukanganisa sarudzo dzakaitwa. nemasangano aya. Nokudaro, hatigoni kutaura kuti China yakabvisa zvachose nyika dzeBaltic, kusanganisira Latvia, asi zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nekutarisa huwandu hwemari yakagamuchirwa isu hatisi kunyanya kunetseka kweChina, kwete kunyange pedyo.

Muna 2016, China yakaratidza kufarira kuisa mari muchirongwa chechitima Rail Baltica 9, asi kufarira hakuna kuratidza mari chaiyo. Asi hachisi chokwadi chakazara kutaura kuti China yarasikirwa nekufarira chirongwa ichi. Muna Kurume 2019, mukuru weRail Baltica bhizinesi rekuvandudza Kaspars Briškens akasimbisa kuti "pachokwadi kufarira kwakanyanya kubva kudivi reChinese." Ikozvino, China inoonekwa semumwe wevatungamiriri venyika mukugadzira matekinoroji ekumhanya kwechitima. "Rail Baltica zvirongwa zvekutengesa zvinogona kufanoona kukwezva kuyerera kwekutakura kweChinese mune ramangwana, kusanganisira kukwezva mari yeChinese yekuvandudza zvinhu uye zvivakwa zvekutakura zvinhu," Briškens akadaro.

Mabasa ekudyara eChina mune dzimwe nyika, semuenzaniso, kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu muPoland neBelarus chiratidzo chezvishuwo zvayo zvekugamuchira mamwe ropafadzo. Kazhinji, ropafadzo idzi dzinoratidza sechinodikanwa chekubvumidza vashandi veChinese kupinda munyika.10

Izvi zvinotsigira fungidziro yekuti maChina ekudyara uye mamwe marudzi erubatsiro haana kubva mukusada uye kuda kubatsira. Pakutanga kuona zvinogona kuita sekunge izvo hazvisi hombe padhiri - regai maChinese vagadzire ivo pachavo. Tinofanira kuyeuka nguva dzeSoviet, apo imwe yehurongwa hwemaune hweUSSR yaive yekuzadza marepublic neruzhinji rwevatorwa.

Somuenzaniso, muna 1935 63% yevagari veRiga vaiva vokuLatvia, asi muna 1996 izvi zvakaderera kusvika 38%.11 Mukupera kwemakumi masere, pfungwa yekuunza 10,000 vashandi vekuvaka kuti vavake metro ndicho chinhu chakaita kuti veruzhinji varatidzire kupokana nazvo. Sezvandambotaura, China ndiyo ideological hama yeUSSR. China inonyatsoziva kuti nekufamba kwenguva inofanirwa kuisa vagari vayo vazhinji sezvinobvira munharaunda yainofarira. Pamusoro pezvo, kana vanhu vechiChinese vakawanda vari mune imwe nzvimbo, ndiko kuwedzera kwekusununguka kweChinese. masevhisi epachivande kuita ipapo.

Izvi zvinotidzorera kuzvinyorwa zveSun Tzu: "Muhondo, hapana chimwe chinhu chinokosha kupfuura usori. Hapana anofanira kupiwa mubayiro wakasununguka sevasori. Mune rimwe bhizinesi rinofanira kuchengetedzwa zvakanyanya. Vasori havagoni kushandiswa zvinobudirira pasina humwe huchenjeri hunonzwisisika. . Havagoni kutarisirwa zvakanaka pasina mutsa uye kutwasanuka. Pasina uchenjeri husina kujeka hwepfungwa, munhu haagoni kuva nechokwadi chechokwadi chezvishumo zvavo. Iva anonyengera!

Ini ndinofunga unobvuma kuti zvingave kusaziva kufunga kuti China haisi kushandisa masevhisi ayo epachivande kufambisira mberi zvinangwa zvayo. Hungavawo upenzi kufunga kuti vashandi vese vekuChina vangori vashandiwo zvavo. Naizvozvo, ndingataura kuti parizvino chinhu chakanaka kuti nyika dzeBaltic hadzina kuuya pasi peRadar yeChina, nekuti tichifunga nezve makaro uye kufungidzira kwevanhu neChina. modus operandi, hazvina kutora nguva kusvika mamwe mapato ezvematongerwo enyika atanga kuimba kuti communism yekuChina haisi communism yekuRussia uye kuti tinoda kuwedzera kubatana nenyika ino. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti China yakabata nzira dzakawanda dzekuwana zvainoda. Sezvandambotaura, izvi zvinobva kuzvikwereti zvakapfava uye magrants kune akasiyana marudzi ekudyara.

Uye kukurudzira maitiro, China inokoka vanhu vane pesvedzero kumusangano wakasiyana muChina, inovhara mari yekufambisa neyekugara uye, hongu, haimbokanganwi nezvezvipo. Masevhisi ehungwaru eLithuania akagumisawo kuti: "Nekukura kweshunguro dzehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika dzeChinese muLithuania nedzimwe nyika dzeNATO neEU, mabasa eChinese kuchengetedza masevhisi ari kuramba achiwedzera hutsinye." 12

Iye zvino tinogona kuita kuenzanisa kwenyika mbiri. Kungofanana neRussia, China zvakare ine chinangwa chimwe - kusimbisa iyo geopolitical pesvedzero. Nyika mbiri idzi dzine zvishuwo zvakakura, asi kana zvasvika kune zviwanikwa China yatove pamberi peRussia. Uye, kusiyana nenzira yehasha yeRussia iyo inongobereka mhedzisiro munguva pfupi, maitiro eChina akanyanya kuvanzika uye akadzama uye zviwanikwa zviripo kwairi zvakakura. Ini ndichapedzisa pfungwa dzangu neimwe tsanga yeuchenjeri kubva kuSun Tzu: "Uyo asina kufanoona uye anozvidza muvengi wake zvechokwadi achabatwa naye."

Iyi op-ed ingori pfungwa yemunyori uye haina kutsigirwa na EU Mutori wenhau.
1 http://epadomi.lv/interesanti_neparasti/vaiatceries/06122011-sun_dzi_kara_maksla
2 https://hbr.org/2020/02/how-much-money-does-the-world-owe-china
3 https://www.tvnet.lv/4514272/kinas-paradu-diplomatija-aizdod-milzu-naudu-un-iegust-politisku-ietekmi
4 https://www.visualcapitalist.com/global-chinese-financing-is-fueling-megaprojects/
5 https://www.tvnet.lv/4514272/kinas-paradu-diplomatija-aizdod-milzu-naudu-un-iegust-politisku-ietekmi
6 https://jauns.lv/raksts/arzemes/363011-baltkrievija-no-kinas-bankas-sanems-450-miljonu-eiro-aizdevumu
7 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative
8 https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/zchj/qwfb/86739.htm
9 http://edzl.lv/lv/aktualitates/arhivs/zinas/kina-pauz-interesi-investet-dzelzcela-projekta-rail-baltica.html
10 https://www.la.lv/valsts-drosibas-dienest-uzrauga-kinas-investoru-aktivitates-latvija
11 https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/dzive--stils/vesture/padomju-laiku-viesstradnieki-mainija-latvijas-iedzivotaju-nacionalo-strukturu.a144614/
12 https://www.la.lv/lietuvas-izlukdienesti-bridina-par-kinas-spiegosanas-pastiprinasanos

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