Kuramba kweRussia kuenderera mberi kwekugara kweUkraine peninsula yeCrimea uye kutsigira hutsinye hwekuparadzanisa mumatunhu ekumabvazuva eDonbas zvakakonzera 1.5 miriyoni vanhu vakadzingwa mukati, vanhuwo zvavo 3,000 XNUMX vakaurayiwa, uye a rondedzero iri kukura yezvinonzi kutyorwa kwemitemo yenyika (inovhura muhwindo idzva) uye kuoma kwemagariro nehupfumi.
Asi Ukraine iri kunetsekana mukuedza kwayo kuita kuti Russia izvidavirire - ingave nyika kana kuburikidza nemutoro wemhosva - sezvo isingakwanise kukumbira chero dare repasi rose kuti ripe mutongo wakakwana pamakakatanwa.
Saka inotarisisa nyaya dzakatetepa, ichidziendesa kune dzakatenderwa kutonga uye kukwikwidza mapuratifomu senge Dare Repamusorosoro Rezvemitemo (ICJ), Dare reEuropean Kodzero dzevanhu, UNCLOS arbitration, Uye International Criminal Court (ICC) Idzi sarudzo dzakaganhurirwa, asi dzichiri kufanira kutora - uye kukosha kwavo kuri kuratidza kuve kwakakura kupfuura kurwisana kweRussia-Ukraine.
Policy yekubvisa tsika
Muna 2017, Ukraine yakatanga kurwisana neRussia kuICJ pamusana pezvibvumirano zviviri zvepasi rose: International Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), maererano neCrimea; uye International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (ICSFT), maererano neDonbas.
Pasi peCERD, Ukraine inoti Russia yakaita mutemo wekubvisa dzinza reUkraine neCrimean Tatars muCrimea, kusanganisira kutsakatika, kusadzidziswa mumitauro yeUkraine neCrimean Tatar, uye kurambidzwa kweMejlis, iro rinomiririra boka revanhu. maTatars eCrimea.
Pasi peICSFT, Ukraine inoti Russia yakatsigira hugandanga nekupa mari, zvombo uye dzidziso kumapoka asiri pamutemo ane zvombo kumabvazuva kweUkraine. Kunyanya Ukraine inopomera mhosva yenyika yeRussia - kuburikidza nemaproxies ayo - yekudonhedza ndege yakashata MH17.
Zvose zvibvumirano izvi zvinosungirira kuUkraine neRussia uye zvinopa kodzero yebato rehurumende kuti riendese gakava riri pamusoro pavo kuICJ, asi mamwe maitiro ekutanga anofanira kutanga apera. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuyedza kwakatadza kugadzirisa gakava kungave kuburikidza nenhaurirano kana Komiti yeCERD (yeCERD) kana nhaurirano dzisina kubudirira uye kupokana (kweICSFT).
Russia yakapikisa kutevedzera kweUkraine kutevedzera pre-mamiriro, asi ICJ yakaramba kubvumirana neRussia kuendesa kuti Ukraine yaifanira kuenda kunhaurirano uye kuCERD Committee. Kekutanga, dare rakajekesa maitiro aya pasi peCERD inzira mbiri dzekusvika pachinangwa chimwe chete, uye nekudaro dzimwe nzira kwete kuwedzera.
Kuda kuti nyika dzishandise maitiro ese asati aenda kuICJ zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya chinangwa cheCERD kubvisa rusarura rwemarudzi nekukasika, uye ive nechokwadi chekuvepo kwedziviriro yemumba inoshanda nemishonga.
Kukosha kwekujekesa uku kunodarika gakava reUkraine-Russia. Nekusimuka kwemaitiro erusarura, kubva kuruzhinji ruvengo rwakazadzwa neruvengo rwuchiisa mungozi nharaunda dziri munjodzi kusvika mukutambudzwa kwakakura senge kwevaRohingyas, bato guru reUN rinotumira meseji yakakura kupasirese: maitiro akadaro haagamuchirike uye anofanirwa kuve. yakabatwa nekukurumidza uye nemazvo. Kana nyika dzikatadza kuita izvi, pari zvino pane zvimhingamipinyi zvishoma zvekuzviita pasi rose.
ICJ yakasimbisawo kuti Ukraine yakanga yatevedzera zvese zviri pasi peICSFT uye kuti yaizopa mutongo pamusoro pekutadza kweRussia kutora matanho ekudzivirira mari yehugandanga. Mhedzisiro yeizvi ichave yakakosha kunharaunda yepasirese, zvichitariswa kushaikwa kwehutongi hwepasi rose panyaya dzehugandanga.
Tsanangudzo yedare yeruzivo uye chinangwa mukutsigira mari yehugandanga, pamwe nekujekeswa kweshoko rekuti 'mari', inonyanya kukosha kuUkraine-Russia nyaya uye nemutemo wepasirese.
Sezvo mutongo wekupedzisira ungatora makore akati wandei, ICJ yakapa mamwe matanho echinguvana akakumbirwa neUkraine muna Kubvumbi 2017 (inovhura muhwindo idzva). Dare rakasungira Russia kuti ive nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwedzidzo muUkraine uye kugonesa kushanda kweCrimean Tatar inomiririra masangano, kusanganisira Mejlis.
apo Russia yakapikisa mareferensi eUkraine (inovhura muhwindo idzva) kune vanopomerwa Stalin-akaraira kudzingwa kweCrimean Tatars (inovhura muhwindo idzva) uye utongi hwemutemo muSoviet Union hunyengeri (inovhura muhwindo idzva), nokutaura kuti nhoroondo haina basa, dare harina kubvumirana nazvo.
Muchokwadi, Mutongi James Crawford akasimbisa kukosha kwe 'kutambudzwa kwenhoroondo' kweCrimean Tatars uye basa raMejlis. (inovhura muhwindo idzva) mukufambira mberi nekudzivirira kodzero dzavo muCrimea 'panguva yekuvhiringidza uye kuchinja'.
Mhedziso idzi zviyeuchidzo zvakakosha zvekuti nhoroondo yenhaka yekusaruramisira yakaitwa kumapoka ari munjodzi inofanirwa kuverengerwa nyika padzinotaura nezvenhaka dzadzo dzehumambo.
Matanho edare kwenguva pfupi uye chinzvimbo cheMutongi Crawford zvinonyanya kukosha maererano ne Mutemo weRussia wezvese - territorial, nhoroondo, tsika - 'russification' yeCrimea, sezvavanosimbisa basa rezvakaitika kare rekuongorora iyo inonzi inosarura uye yekuchuchisa mutemo wezviremera zveRussia zvinotora pamusoro peCrimean Tatars.
Kutonga kweICJ pamusoro pezvakanaka zveizvi pamwe nedzimwe kodzero dzevanhu, uye nyaya dzehugandanga dzeCrimea neDonbas dzichava chinhu chakakosha kumusangano wepasi rose mukuona kwayo kweRussia-Ukraine mhirizhonga yezvombo uye mutemo wezvirango pamusoro peRussia.
Kuvandudzwa kwenyaya iyi kunokanganisawo kuyedza kweUkraine kumisa avo vane mhosva yehutsinye muCrimea neDonbas, kuburikidza nematare edzimhosva uye kuburikidza neInternational Criminal Court.
