Ma#Fisheries angave akasimba, uye ane pundutso

Gungwa rinofukidza zvikamu zvinomwe zvegumi zvepasi, asi kusiyana nenyika rinoramba riri renje, risina kurimwa kana kuti rinotarisirwa zvine musoro. Hune simba guru. Mushumo wa2009 weWorld Bank wakaitwa naProfessor Ragnar Arnason nedzimwe nyanzvi dzinotungamirira, The Sunken Billions, inofungidzira kuti kurasikirwa kweupfumi muhove dzemugungwa kunokonzerwa nekutadza kutonga zvakanaka, kusashanda zvakanaka, uye kubata hove zvakanyanyisa kunosvika kuUS$50 bhiriyoni pagore. Chikonzero ndechekuti gungwa nderezvinangwa zvakawanda, uko kushaikwa kwekodzero yemidziyo yakazvimirira kune hove dzayo nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvinotungamira mukuparadza. kushandiswa, anonyora Hannes H. Gissurarson.

Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, mukuvamba kwema1980, nyika mbiri diki, Iceland neNew Zealand, zvitsuwa zvese zviri mugungwa, zvisinei zvakarova pane izvo zvinogona kutorwa seyakanakisa, kana yakaipisisa, mhinduro ku'dambudziko renyika. commons', sekunyanya kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakavhurika-kuwana zviwanikwa zvinowanzodanwa. Iyo ihurongwa hwemunhu anogona kutamiswa quotas, ITQs, mukubata hove. Bhuku rangu riri pamusoro Green Capitalism iyo inopinda pakadzika nezvenyaya yacho ichavhurwa pa Blue-Green Summit II yakaitwa neAlliance yeConservatives uye Reformists muEurope (ACRE) muBrussels musi wa24 Chivabvu.

Pfungwa yeITQs inogona kuiswa zviri nyore. Nzvimbo yekubata hove yakavhurika yaizowedzera kusvika pasisina purofiti yaizokohwewa kubva kune imwe igwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hove iyi yaizoguma nekuve nemagwa akawanda kupfuura zvingadikanwa kuwedzera purofiti inobvira kubva kwairi. Muchirongwa chekutonga chine musoro, basa raizova rekudzikisa huwandu hwezvikepe muhove kusvika painozowana purofiti yakawanda.

MuIceland neNew Zealand, izvi zvakazadzikiswa (zvishoma nezvishoma uye nedzimwe nzira dzisina kunaka) kuburikidza nekudzora kodzero dzekukohwa hove kune avo vakanga vatora njodzi yekudyara uye kushanda nesimba mukushanda muhove: varidzi vengarava dzehove varipo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akapiwa kodzero yekukohwa chikamu chakati chehove dzose dzaibvumirwa muhove dzavakanga vave kukohwa, uye kodzero yavo, kana kuti mugove wavo, waibva panhoroondo yekubata hove: Kana muridzi wengarava akanga ambokohwa zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvezvose. kubata, saka iye zvino awana kodzero yekukohwa zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvehove yose inotenderwa.

Sezvo mugove wacho waiva munhu oga, muridzi wengarava ainyatsoziva kuti aibvumirwa kukohwa zvakawanda sei mumwaka wacho, saka aigona kuisa pfungwa dzake pakuedza kuderedza mutengo panzvimbo pokuisa mari yakawandisa kuti abate hove mumwe munhu asati aita. Sezvo ma quotas aifambiswa, mukufamba zvishoma uye murunyararo zvekutengeserana akaendeswa kune avo vaiakoshesa zvakanyanya, uye avo vangangodaro vaive vakanakisa pakukohwa hove. Avo vaida kusiya basa rokuredza vakaita kudaro nokutengesa mugove wavo, uye muuyo waifanooneka wakanga uri wokuti kuedza, kana kuti nhamba yezvikepe, yakaderedzwa kusvika papfundo apo paizova nepurofiti yakawanda.

Uyezve, maitiro evaridzi vengarava dzehove, avo vane mugove, aizochinja. Zvino vaizotanga kurangarira pfuma, mugove wehove umo vakanga vaine ‘migove’, sechimwe chinhu chinofanira kuchengetedzwa, kuchengetedzwa. MuIceland, semuenzaniso, Sangano reVaridzi Vemidziyo Yekubata Hove rakabatira pamwe nenyanzvi dzezvipenyu zvomugungwa nezviremera mukuronga kubata hove kuzere kunobvumidzwa muhove imwe neimwe zvine hungwaru. Nekutora sosi iyi muusungwa, ivo vava vatariri vayo. Hove dzeIcelandic dzinogara uye dzine pundutso.

Chikonzero chakakosha nei izvi zvaigona kuitwa ndechekuti kugovera kwekutanga kwaive pahwaro hwenhoroondo yekubata (iyo dzimwe nguva inonzi 'sekuru'). Naizvozvo kudzikiswa kwekuedza kwakaunzwa nevaridzi vezvikepe zvehove vachitengeserana, vamwe vachitenga zvimwe, pane kuti hurumende iedze kudzikisa huwandu hwezvikepe nekutengesa kana mitero kana mamwe matanho. Vaya vakasiya kubata hove vakatengwa nedzimwe nhengo dzenharaunda yekubata hove, kwete kudzingwa nehurumende.

Iyo ITQ system haina kukwana. Iri hurongwa hwekodzero dzekutorwa, kwete kodzero dzemidziyo yakazara. Zvakangodaro, inofanana nekuvharirwa kwecommons uye saka inhanho mugwara chairo, rekushandisa hukuru hwekugona kwegungwa kubatsira vanhu. Tekinoroji nyowani pasina mubvunzo ichafambisira mberi kushandiswa kwakadaro, kana kusingatadziswe nehurumende kana zvido zvakakosha.

Hannes Hólmsteinn Gissurarson purofesa wesainzi yezvematongerwo enyika paYunivhesiti yeIceland uye anogara achitaura nezvezvinoitika muIsland media. Iye zvakare munyori akadhindwa pahurukuro dzakasununguka uye dzekuchengetedza. Muzvinafundo Gissurarson ane dhigirii reBachelor munhoroondo neuzivi uye dhigirii remasters munhoroondo kubva kuYunivhesiti yeIceland, ndokuzopedzisa dhigirii reDoctorate muPhilosophy yezvidzidzo zvePolitical science paOxford University. Hannes H. Gissurarson akaberekwa muna 1953 muReykjavík Iceland.

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: