#Mutungamiri weMalta anofanirwa kugadzirisa nyaya yevakakundikana kutsvaga hupoteri

Malta iri kugadzirira kekutanga munhoroondo yayo apo inotora chigaro chemutungamiri weEU anotenderera muna Ndira 2017, anonyora Martin Banks.

Nyaya inokakavadzana yekutama kweMediterranean inovimbisa kuve pamusoro pehurumende yeMaltese EU agenda. Imwe yemibvunzo yakakosha ine chekuita nekugadzirisa mafambiro ekutama muMedithera, ayo asvika kurekodha mazinga mumakore matatu apfuura.

Maererano neEU border agency Frontex, kutamira kuEurope neAfrica kwakakwira muna 2016 sezvo nhamba yevanoenda kune imwe nyika vachishandisa nzira yeCentral Mediterranean kubva kuLibhiya kuenda kuItaly yakawedzera ne13%.

Kugadzirisa izvi, mwedzi gumi nemiviri yapfuura yakaona kubudirira kwezvirongwa zvitsva, kutanga neEU Trust Fund, pamwe neMigration Partnerships Framework.

Mukati mechirongwa ichi, nhasi EU nhasi yakazivisa rubatsiro rwemari kuNiger muhuwandu hwe € 610 mamiriyoni mu 2016. Izvi zvinosanganisira € 470m pasi pe 2016 Annual Programme of Action (PAA), inosanganisira zvibvumirano zvitanhatu zvemari, zvitatu zviri muchimiro chekutsigira bhajeti. Emergency Trust Fund yeAfrica ichakwidziridzwawo kusvika pamamiriyoni zana nemakumi mana emadhora. Pakati pevakatanga kuwana rubatsiro rweTrust Fund kwave kuri kukoshesa nyika dzakaonekwa neEuropean Commission. Kunze kweNiger, Ethiopia (€140m) neMali (€97m) ndivo vakanyanya kuwana mari.

Tsigiro yemari yorupo yakadaro inowanzoonekwa sechinangwa chakanaka. Asi iyo inoremekedzwa European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) inotaura kuti njodzi ye "kufambiswa kwekudyidzana mari, kunyangwe paine vavariro dzakanaka, ndeyekuti mamiriro aripo, anoenderana nekutsinhana pakati pemari uye kuchengetedza kutama kunoyerera sepedyo ne zero sezvinobvira, njodzi dzinogadzira mamiriro ekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu vanotama."

Iko kunewo njodzi ye "refoulment", kana kumanikidzwa kudzoka kwevapoteri kana vanotsvaka hutiziro kunyika yavanogona kutambudzwa.

Sezvinopokana neECFR, kusunga mupoteri kuyerera kunobatsira inzira yenjodzi inogona kusvibisa zita reEU muAfrica uye kuita zvishoma zvakakosha kugadzirisa mufananidzo wekuti nyika dzekuMadokero dzinofara zvikuru kushanda nevadzvanyiriri zvisinei nehukuru hwayo hwekodzero dzevanhu. Zvakatonyanya, kukanda mari padambudziko kuchaita zvishoma zvakakosha kugadzirisa nyaya dzakadzama dzemaumbirwo dzakagadzira dambudziko revapoteri pakutanga, iro rinobva muhutongi husina kunaka, kushaikwa kwemabasa kwakanyanya, kukakavara uye mamiriro ekurarama asina kusimba.

Kupomerana hakuperere ipapo. EU yekutsvaga zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nenyika yeAfrica, iyo inofungidzirwa kuvandudza hupenyu hweAfrica, inosangana nematambudziko akafanana.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, uye mushure memakore anoda kusvika gumi enhaurirano, SADC, iyo inosanganisira Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa neSwaziland, yakasaina chibvumirano. Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) nenyika makumi maviri nesere dzeEU. 

Kupihwa kwemahara kumusika wakakura weEU kunorumbidzwa senzira yekuenderera mberi kwehupfumi hwenyika dzichiri kusimukira dzirimo. 

Asi kuti ichange iine chinangwa chayakada here hazvisati zvanyatsojeka. Zvinonzi pane kuita zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana, Europe inofanira kushanda kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko akadzama emuAfrica.

The indasitiri yekubata hove muMozambique, mumwe wevakasaina EPA, anoshanda semuenzaniso unorwadza. Nyika iri kutambura nekuredza hove zvisiri pamutemo uye yapwanywa nehondo yevagari vemo.

Mozambique, ichivimba zvakanyanya nekubata hove kwayo kuwana mari yekunze uye kupa vagari vayo chikafu, iri kurasikirwa kusvika US $ 65 mamiriyoni kubva muhupfumi hwayo gore rega rega nekuda kwekuredza zvisiri pamutemo. Nyika parizvino iri kurwisana nekushoropodzwa pamusoro pemabatirwo akaitwa mari nehurumende kutenga zvikepe zvepatrol, zvakakosha mukusimudzira hupenyu hwenharaunda dzayo dzemumahombekombe. EPA inopa tariro shoma yekurerutsa dambudziko rekubata hove, nepo chirongwa chemubatanidzwa chekubata hove chingave nemukana wekuwedzera mari inotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kushanda sechipo chekuunza mabasa. Kutadza kweMozambique kutumira zvakanaka zvikepe zvepatrol kunowedzera dambudziko.

Itiopiya ndeimwe muenzaniso. Nyika iyi ndeimwe yenyika dzakawana rubatsiro rwakakura muAfrica, yakawana mari inosvika mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora muna 3 zvisinei nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu dzine chekuita nezvimwe zvirongwa zvebudiriro. Sangano reHuman Rights Watch, HRW, rinoti muna 2015 hurumende yakaramba ichirwisa nhengo dzebato rinopikisa rezvematongerwo enyika, vatori venhau, pamwe nevaratidziri murunyararo, vazhinji vavo vachishungurudzwa, kusungwa zvisina tsarukano, uye kupomerwa mhosva ine chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika. Mutauriri weHRW akati: "Hapana chinoratidza kuti vanopa vakasimbisa zviga zvekutarisa uye kuzvidavirira zvinodiwa kuti vaone kuti rubatsiro rwavo rwekusimudzira harubatsire kana kuwedzera matambudziko ekodzero dzevanhu muEthiopia."

Nekubhadharisa hurumende seEthiopia, EU iri kupindira mukuchengeta zvikonzero izvo zvakasimbisa masaisai evapoteri vanotizira kuEurope.

Niger iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana. Nyika yakapfuma muzviwanikwa, zvinosanganisira uranium neoiri, Niger iri kure nekugadzikana, uye huori, kushomeka kwechikafu uye miganhu ine porous zvinoramba zvichinetsa. Ikozvino inogara mukati nzvimbo yekupedzisira paUN Development Programme yeHuman Development Index. 

Mazuva mashoma apfuura, vakuru veMaliya neEU vakasaina chibvumirano chekuchimbidza kudzoka kwevakatamira kunyika yekuchamhembe kweAfrica. Vanopfuura zviuru gumi vabvakure vekuMaliya kusvika parizvino vakapinda muEurope zvisiri pamutemo kubva kutanga kwa10,000 uye chibvumirano ndechekutanga EU yakagadzira nzira chaiyo yakadai nenyika yemuAfrica maererano nekudzosa vakatadza kutsvaga hupoteri.

Anotungamira MEP Gabriele Zimmer, anotungamira boka reGUE muParamende yeEuropean, anotsoropodza maitiro ekutamisa vapoteri uye zvibvumirano nenyika dzechitatu mukumisa vanhu kuyambuka Mediterranean.

MEP yeGerman yakati: "Nyika dziri nhengo dziri kukurudzira zvibvumirano uye kudyidzana nenyika dzechitatu dzakatevedzera chibvumirano cheEU-Turkey chakasviba. Chibvumirano ichi hachina kufanira kana EU ichida kuremekedza tsika dzayo nemitemo sekodzero dzevanhu."

Tichitarisa kune ramangwana, Mattia Toaldo, mumwe mukuru weEuropean Council on Foreign Relations Middle East neNorth Africa chirongwa, akanyora mushumo wekutama uye mari yeEU uye akapa runyoro rwekurudziro shanu dzebloc, kusanganisira:

Kuwedzera intra-Africa kufamba uye tsigira yemuno kunyudzwa kugona;

shandira kugadzirisa zvikumbiro zvehupoteri munyika dzechitatu;

bvumira kutama kwemutemo kutenderera kuEurope;

kushandisa mari dzekutumira kusimudzira budiriro, uye;

tsigira nokuzvidira pane kudzoka kwokumanikidzira.

Maziso ese zvino anotendeukira ku1 Ndira uye hutungamiriri hweMalta hunouya hweEU uye zviito zvaachatanga kugadzirisa chimwe chematambudziko akatarisana neEuropean Union.

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