Kurudziro yeKomisheni pakubhejera pamhepo: FAQ

Chii chinonzi kurudziro yeKomisheni?

Kurudziro chishandiso chisiri chinosunga chinoshandiswa neEuropean Commission kutumira meseji yakajeka kunhengo dzenhengo kuti ndezvipi zviito zvinotarisirwa kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, zvichisiya shanduko yakakwana padanho renyika kuti zvingaite sei izvi. Nekumisikidza zvinangwa zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa, inofanirwa kuita senzira yekuvandudza misimboti inowirirana kuti ishandiswe muEuropean Union yose.

Ndiani anofukidzwa nekurudziro?

Kurudziro iyi yakanangana nenhengo dzeEU. Komisheni iri kukoka nyika dziri nhengo kuti dzishandise zviga zvakatarwa mukurudziro mumirau yadzo yenyika yekubhejera. Kuti izvi zviitike, Komisheni iri kukurudzirawo nyika dziri nhengo kuti dzidome zviremera zvine hunyanzvi zvekutonga kuitira kuti izvi zvikwanise kuona uye kuona kutevedza kwayo. Izvo hazvikanganise kodzero yeNhengo dzeNyika, mukuteerana nemutemo weEU, yekumisikidza yavo yenyika mitemo yekubhejera uye mwero wedziviriro.

Misimboti yekurudziro inoitirwa vashandisi vepamhepo uye veveruzhinji vanopa online ekubhejera masevhisi uye midhiya masevhisi vanofambisa kufambisa kutaurirana kwekutengesa kwepamhepo kubhejera (kushambadzira, kutsigira, kukwidziridzwa).

Kune avo vanoita zvekubhejera pamhepo, kurudziro iyi inovhara vega uye neveruzhinji vashandisi veimwe kana anopfuura emhando dzepamhepo masevhisi ekubhejera, uye, pazvinofanirwa, mapato echitatu anosanganisira anonzi maaffiliates anosimudzira masevhisi ekubhejera pamhepo panzvimbo yavo.

Kune vanopa midhiya masevhisi, izvi zvinosanganisira zvakadhindwa, TV, redhiyo, internet uye kushambadzira kwekunze nekusimudzirwa.

Nezve sevhisi yepamhepo, misimboti yekurudziro inoitirwa kuti ishande nenzira inoshanda kune ese maturusi anoshandiswa kubhejera pamhepo, senge makomputa, nharembozha, nharembozha, mahwendefa uye digital TV.

Sei kurudziro ichitarisa pakubhejera online?

Kubhejera pamhepo kunoramba kuri kukurumidza kusimudzira chiitiko muEurope, maererano nekupa uye kudiwa - kubhejera kutengeserana kutaurirana uye zvinopihwa zvinosvika pakuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu. Muna 2008, kubhejera padandemutande kwaitora mari yegore negore ye6.16 bhiriyoni, uye nhamba dziripo dzakaratidza kuti nhamba iyoyo yakapetwa kaviri kusvika ku13 bhiriyoni muna 2015. Madiro enyika ekuda anosiyana muEU. Nekudaro, nevanofungidzirwa kuti 6.84 miriyoni vatengi, mu2012 mari yegore negore yaive € 10.54 bhiriyoni.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mitemo nemaitiro munharaunda iyi zviri kuvandudzwa padanho renyika uye danho rekuti nyika dzenhengo dzinogadzirisa nyaya dzakaonekwa dzinosiyana kubva kune imwe nhengo kuenda kune imwe. Vanobhejera pamhepo vanovambwa muEU vanowedzera kubata marezinesi akawanda munyika dzakati wandei dzakasarudza masisitimu ane marezenisi ane chekuita nemutemo wekubhejera. Vanogona kubatsirwa kubva kune imwe nzira yakajairika. Uyezve, kuwanda kwezvinodiwa zvekuteedzera kunogona kugadzira kudhindwa kusingakoshi kwezvivakwa uye mutengo, zvichikonzera mutoro usiri madikanwa wekutonga kune vanodzora.

Pamusoro pezvo, hunhu hwenzvimbo yepamhepo zvinoreva zvakare kuti kune huvepo hwakakosha hwenzvimbo dzisina pamutemo dzekubhejera muEU. Vatengi muEurope vanotsvaga kumabhodha masevhisi ekubhejera padandemutande uye vanokwanisa kuoneswa njodzi dzakati wandei, dzakadai sehutsotsi uye dambudziko rekubhejera. Iko kushaikwa kwematanho anoshanda munhengo dzenhengo dzezvekuita munharaunda kana zvasvika kune zvekutengesa maitiro, izvo zvinobatawo vadiki, uye nekudzivirira kwevashandisi vekubhejera pamhepo.

Zvisineyi, nepo kurudziro yacho ichitarisa kubhejera kwepamhepo, misimboti yakati wandei inogona kushandiswa nechikamu chepasi, senge: kurambidza vana vadiki kubhejera; kuongorora zvitupa, kusanganisira kuongorora zera; muganhu-kugadza uye kusabatanidzwa mikana; uye kuratidza ruzivo rwekubhejera zvine chekuita uye njodzi dzinowanikwa.

Sei Komisheni iri kutarisa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwevatengi?

Hurukuro yeruzhinji yakaitwa muna 2011 (IP/11/358) yakaratidza kuchengetedzwa kwevatengi - kusanganisira vadiki - kwekubhejera pamhepo senzvimbo yakakosha. Zvichienderana nezvakawanikwa izvi, Komisheni yakatanga nhaurirano nenyika dziri nhengo uye indasitiri yekubhejera yepamhepo pazvinhu zvine chekuita nevatengi vezvekubhejera masevhisi epamhepo uye kutaurirana kwekutengesa maererano nekubhejera.

Hunhu hwekuyambuka muganhu wekubhejera pamhepo zvinoreva kuti nyika dzenhengo dzinosangana nematambudziko akajairwa: zvekutonga, zvemagariro uye zvehunyanzvi. Paramende yeEurope yakadzokorora zvakare kudaidzira kuchengetedzwa kwevatengi munzvimbo ino - Kugadziriswa kwe10 Gunyana 2013. Dare reEU reJustice rakasimbirirawo pakudiwa kwekuona kuchengetedzwa kwakaringana kwevatengi kana uchironga zviitiko zvekubhejera pamhepo. Pakupedzisira, nyika dzakati wandei dziri kuongorora uye/kana kuvandudza hurongwa hwadzo hwemutemo mundima iyi. Vanofanira kukwanisa kushandisa kurudziro senhungamiro.

Kune ruzhinji rwevanhu vari kutora chikamu mukubhejera online ibasa rekuvaraidza. Inogona kuumba mitambo yakasiyana yemukana, yakadai semitambo kubheja uye poker, kasino uye lottery. Nekudaro, kune vamwe vanhu maitiro avo ekubhejera anoshanduka kuita dambudziko - kunyangwe kusvika pakukanganisa hutano hwavo. Pakazara, pakati pe0.2% ne3% vanotambura neimwe nzira yekubhejera kusagadzikana.

Kurudziro iyi ine chinangwa chekupa vatengi mwero wakaringana wedziviriro. Sezvo nyika dzenhengo dzichiita magadzirirwo emitemo, danho rekutanga kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatengi veEU vanoziva zvakakwana njodzi dzine chekuita nekubhejera kwepamhepo uye nedziviriro dzinofanirwa kunge dziripo kuti varambe vachibhejera mukati mevaraidzo, kudzivirira zvinokuvadza zvinopihwa.

Kurudziro iyi inodawo kudzivirira vadiki kubva mukubhejera online. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti vechidiki vanokwezvwa kuinternet nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwekukura, uye kuti 5.9% yevane makore gumi nemana negumi nenomwe vanobhejera pamhepo muEU, zvichienzaniswa ne14% munzvimbo isina Indaneti.Tsvagiridzo paInternet Kuwedzeredza Behaviors pakati peEuropean Adentscents, inotsigirwa pasi peSafer Internet plus).

Sei Komisheni isati yataura mutemo?

Iko hakuna chikamu chakanangana neEU mutemo muchikamu chekubhejera masevhisi epamhepo uye hazvina kunzi zvakafanira kupa mutemo wakadaro. Zvakare, kurudziro yeKomisheni inogona kutambirwa nekukasira nepo zvikumbiro zvemutemo zvichifanirwa kutambirwa neEU's Council of Ministers neEuropean Parliament izvo zvinogona kutora nguva. Kurudziro iyi inoumba chikamu chezviito zvakaziviswa muCommission's Action Plan ye2012 'Kusvika kune yakazara European chimiro chekubhejera pamhepo' ine chinangwa chekujekesa mutemo wekubhejera pamhepo uye kukurudzira kubatana pakati penhengo dzenhengo (ona IP/12/1135 uye MEMO/12/798) The Action Plan yakatevera kubvunzana kwevanhu muna 2011 (IP/11/358), mhinduro dzakaratidza kuti nhanho-nhanho nzira muEU inodiwa.

Nekudaro, kune mutemo weEU unoshandawo kubhejera nevatengi, senge Unfair Commerce Practices Directive uye Unfair Contract Terms Directive. Mutemo iwoyo unonyanya kunetseka nekuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi hwevatengi. Kurudziro iyi inoisa pamberi akati wandei misimboti, kunyanya kubva mukubvunzana kwakaitwa nenyika dziri nhengo, pamwe nevane chekuita neindasitiri. Kuongororwa kwekushanda kwemisimboti iyi kuchazivisa kudikanwa kwechimwe chiito mundima iyi.

Kurudziro iyi inoenderana sei nerimwe basa remitemo reKomisheni munzvimbo yekubhejera masevhisi epamhepo?

The Action Plan yakaronga nzira yekuunza pamwechete EU, nyika dzenhengo neindasitiri. Izvi zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa nyaya dzakati wandei kubva kumakona ese, zvinoti kudzivirira uye kudzivirira hutsotsi, kugadzirisa machisi uye kubira mari kuburikidza nekubhejera online. Kuti izvi zviitike, Komisheni yakamisawo boka renyanzvi, chimwe chezvinangwa zviri kufambisa kugoverana kweruzivo pamusoro pemitemo uye kutevedzera pakati penhengo dzenhengo.

Kurudziro iyi inobata nekutevedzwa kwemitemo yenyika here?

Kurudziro iyi haiunze mitemo inosunga kunhengo dzenhengo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hazvipindire mukutevedzwa kwemitemo yenyika. Kunze kwezvo, mukushaikwa kwekubatana kweEU munzvimbo iyi, kutevedzwa kwemitemo yenyika ibasa renyika dziri nhengo.

Zvakangodaro, vatengi veEU vanofanirwa kunyatsoziva nezve webhusaiti yekubhejera yepamhepo yavanosarudza kutamba, kana kuisa kubheja. Komisheni inoona kuti mutengi ane ruzivo pamwe chete nen inoyevedza yemakwikwi ekubhejera mikana yakakosha kuitira kuti vatengi vaende kubhejero inotenderwa uye inotariswa munhengo dzenhengo. Naizvozvo, semutemo wakajairwa, Komisheni inokurudzira kuti ruzivo rwemushandisi uye rwevane masimba ekubhejera anofanirwa kuratidzwa zvakajeka pawebhusaiti yekubhejera. Nenzira yakafanana, hapafanirwe kuve nekutaurirana kwekutengesa kwepamhepo masevhisi ekubhejera uko iyo online yekubhejera sevhisi isingatenderwe.

Kubhejera kwepamhepo muEU kunoratidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemitemo yenyika. Komisheni inotenda kuti nyaya dzekutevedzwa kwenyika dzinofanira kukurukurwa nenhengo dzenhengo, kunyanya muboka renyanzvi pamabasa ekubhejera. Boka iri rinopa chikuva chakakodzera chekukurukura nezvehunyanzvi uye kudzora maitiro uye yekufambisa inovaka kushandira pamwe kwekutonga. Maonero akazara uye akajairika munharaunda yekubhejera masevhisi epamhepo inodiwa kugadzirisa njodzi kune vatengi uye zvinonetsa kune zviremera zvine masimba enyika mukutarisa kwavo kwezuva nezuva uye kutarisisa matanho enyika mundima iyi.

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