Mafungiro: Kuita nyaya yeEurope 2.0

naCristian Gherasim

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti ichangoburwa sei ruzivo rwese revolution. Makore gumi namashanu apfuura, nyika dzechiArab dzaive pasi pehutongi husingakwikwidzwe. MuTunisia kana kuEgypt, zvose zvawaigona kunzwa uye kuverenga shure panguva iyoyo yaiva propaganda yehurumende, kuongorora kwezuva nezuva kwemabasa makuru aHosni Mubarak, Ben Ali kana ani zvake aitonga chigaro.

Kutanga kwakauya satellite TV, kozoita shanduko yeinternet iyo yakapa nzanga dzakavharwa mukana wekuona nyika yakavatenderedza. Asi chakanyanya kutyora mutemo wehurumende paruzivo inyaya inodaidzwa kuti social network revolution. Vakanga vasisiri vakuru venguva iyoyo vaitungamirira kodzero dzevanhu dzokuziva uye kutaura zvavanofunga. Chii chakanga chave kusvika panguva iyo 'imwe-ku-vakawanda' nzira yekugovera ruzivo, yakakurumidza kushanduka kuva 'vazhinji-kune-vazhinji' system.

Kuchinja kwakaitika kunoramba kusinganzwisisike. Haisi iyo social media chete inotisiya tichizeya nzira itsva dzekuparadzira simba kune ruzhinji uye zvakavanzika zvinopararira. Vatauri ve whistleblower vave kutungamirawo kurwira kuburitswa pachena kuzere, vachifumura kune veruzhinji zvese kubva kumabasa ekuongorora pasi rose kusvika kuzviito zvehuori, huwori, kusazvibata kwechiuto. Nyika yese yakambofukidzwa nekuvanda inovhurira munhu wese ari panyika. Zivo, kana kuti zvimwe zvayo, hahusisiri hunhu hwevane simba zvikuru. Kurangwa nekutyorwa kwekodzero yekuvanzika, hurumende dzave kupindura kune vanhu chaivo ivo vaimbochengeta. Vabatwa neseri kweruoko, hurumende dzinotarisirwa kudzikisira maitiro aya sezvo vagari vemo vanokurumidza kudzidza nzira yekuisa ziso pazvinhu zvisinganyanyi kukosha zvevatungamiriri vavo.

Simba rezvematongerwo enyika rinosiya zvishoma nezvishoma humwe hunhu hwayo hunochiva: kutonga kuyerera kweruzivo. Nzira dzekare dzekutumira meseji dzinokurumidza kubviswa. Chimurenga chakatanga nekutora nhepfenyuro kana nhepfenyuro yeTV nekuti izvi zvaigonesa vaipandukira hurumende kuti vatepfenyure shoko ravo kuvanhu vazhinji - ruzivo rwaibva kune rimwe richienda kune vakawanda.

Nekuuya kwesocial media tekinoroji yanhasi inogadzira hurongwa husina munhu anotarisira ruzivo. "Vazhinji-kune-vazhinji", yakafananidzirwa neinternet, ndiyo nzira iyo munhu wese akabatana asi hapana ari kutonga. Hurongwa hwakadai hunobatsira munhu, kutyora hurongwa hwehutongi hwemashoko uye kubvumira vanhu kuti varambe manyepo api neapi anoburitswa nehurumende.

Chechipiri, masocial network anobvumira kuti vanhu varonge neimwe nzira. Izvi zvave, kune vatsva vanoita zvechivanhu imboni yeziso ravo. Vanonzwa vasingachabatiki neboka rakarongwa revanhu vamwe navamwe. Kusati kwave nekubuda kwesocial network bato rega rega rinopikisa rakange rakarongeka richiratidzira hutongi chaihwo hwaraipokana nazvo: kubatanidza vanhu vepamusoro, vaine zviwanikwa zvakawanda uye chikamu chenhepfenyuro kudivi ravo senzira yekusvitsa shoko ravo uye chimiro chesimba.

Mafambiro ezvemagariro akagadzirwa kuburikidza nesocial network haachagadziri iyi hurongwa. Ma social network anoputsa mahierarchies uye monopolies mukodzero yekuratidzira. Varatidziri vezvemagariro vanouya pamwechete pamusoro peinternet vanogadzira mafambiro nekukurumidza, nekusvika kukuru uye nekubudirira. Mafambiro akadai anogara kwenguva refu kupfuura echinyakare sezvo manyawi ari kugara achigadzirwa achiita kuti kuunganidza vanhu vakawanda kukurumidze uye kuve nyore.

Vechivanhu vachiri kuona mafambiro akagadzirwa pamusoro peinternet semhirizhonga uye asina kurongeka. Zvakaitika mumakore achangopfuura zvinoramba kutaura kwakadaro. Mafambiro akagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwesocial network aratidza zvinoshamisa mukubudirira kwawo kuunza shanduko. Kuratidzira kweOccupy Gezi muTurkey kwakakwanisa kuunganidza vanopfuura mamirioni mazana matatu nemazana mashanu evaTurkey vakapinda mukuratidzira kwakapfuura zviuru mazana mashanu munyika yese, kwakatora mwedzi minomwe. Musi waApril 3.5, 5000 hashtag paTurkey twittersphere yakakumbira vateveri kuti "vasimuke"(#ayagakalk). Kufona kwakauya kubva kuboka diki revaratidziri vachiedza kuchengetedza Gezi Park muTaksim Square vachipesana nehurongwa hwekuvaka mall munzvimbo iyi. Hapana aitarisira kuti chiitiko chidiki ichi chichaita kuratidzira kukuru munhoroondo yenyika.

Nguva dzese dzakakosha dzekuratidzira kwakaitika dzakarekodhwa uye dzakagovaniswa pamasocial network. Chakaratidza kushamisa kwaive kumhanya kwakarongwa nevaratidziri paFacebook neTwitter, vachishandisa social media senzira yekuparadzira mameseji avo. Basa rimwechete rakaitwa nevezvenhau muRomania kana zvasvika pakumutsa nzanga pamusoro penyaya dzezvakatipoteredza. Nema media echinyakare akasara asina hanya nezvedambudziko revaratidziri vezvenhau yakazova nzvimbo iyo vese vakaungana ndokuratidza nhamo dzavo.

200,000 vanhu vakaratidzira mhiri kweRomania nekune dzimwe nyika vachipokana nepurojekiti yaida kushandura Rosia Montana kuita tsvakurudzo huru yegoridhe yakavakirwa pacyanide muEurope. Sangano rakanga rave richishanda kare, kwemakore akawanda, asi kwete sezwi. Kubata kwayo uye chiyero chakawedzerwa zvakanyanya nerubatsiro rwesocial media. Nhoroondo yevaratidziri uye vatsigiri vavo vezvemagariro evanhu vakafanana muTurkey neRomania, pakuti vanotungamirirwa nevaduku, vakadzidza zvikuru. Kuenzaniswa nekumwe kuratidzira kwakaitika muBucharest, munguva yechando ye2012, kuratidzira uku kune vanhu vakasiyana vari mubhodhi: kunyanya vepakati, tech savvy uye vadiki. Zvakafanana nevaratidziri veTurkey ivo vakanyatsobatanidzwa pasocial network. Kusiyana neArab Spring ese ari maviri mafambiro aya akamutswa nezvematongerwo enyika kwete zvikonzero zvehupfumi. Kutonga kwemutemo kwakakosha zvakanyanya, pamwe nekuchengeta zvivimbiso zvezvematongerwo enyika.

Social media yave chishandiso chakajairika mune zvese zviitiko. Facebook neTwitter dzakaita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kuratidzira uku asi zvakare mukusimudzira nyaya idzi padanho renyika nepasirese. MaProtestanti anoshanda zvinoenderana nechimiro chisiri chehierarchical, pasina mutungamiri wepamutemo. Ivo neunyanzvi vakachengeta veruzhinji ruzivo uye kuita zvepaFacebook.

Zvakawanda kuti mamirioni gumi nemanomwe tweets akatumirwa mumazuva gumi ekutanga ekuratidzira muTurkey, kuburikidza ne #occupygezi uye yayo Turkish vhezheni. Kunyangwe manhamba akadzikira ku #rosiamontana uye #unitisalvam nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira kushomeka kwenhau dzepasirese kutariswa, mhedzisiro yesocial media yakakosha zvakaenzana panyaya yeRomania, pakuti kune kunzwira tsitsi kune varatidziri pamhepo. nyika. Mameseji, mapikicha nemavhidhiyo zvakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nesocial network muTurkey neRomania.

Mumakore mashoma apfuura masocial network akachinja kuita muromo webakatwa kana zvasvika kune vanopikisa migodhi vanokanganisa mapurojekiti uye kupfuudza meseji. Kwete muRomania chete, asiwo muCanada nePeru varatidziri vakakwanisa kukanganisa mapurojekiti nekushandisa simba resocial media. Kugona kwemuratidziri kuronga kwakawedzera zvakapetwa kagumi, zvichidzokorodza maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika aive nawo pasocial network pasi rese reArab.

Sezvambotaurwa, Rosia Montana anopa saga inotaurika yekuti vezvenhau vakachinja sei chiyero chesimba apo varatidziri vakatanga kushandisa Facebook kuronga kuratidzira munyika yose.

Kunyange hazvo kushorwa kwaRosia Montana kwakatanga kuzviratidza makore mashoma apfuura, kwakatowedzera simba kana hurumende yaratidza kutsigira mugodhi uyu. Varatidziri vakaungana nekukurumidza paFacebook uye mukati memazuva zviuru zvakarova migwagwa.

Chinofadza munyaya iyi ndechekuti vakuru vemigodhi vanonyatsoziva mabatiro anoita social media pakugadzira pfungwa uye kutsvaga nzira dzekuzvinyengedza. Pavabvunzwa kuti vanofungei nezvevaratidziri vari kuronga padandemutande vanoti masocial network ndiwo ari kukonzera mhirizhonga mumagariro evanhu uye izvo zvinobva zvapa hushingi hwehurumende mukubata kwavo nemakambani emigodhi. Kambani yemugodhi iri pakati pekuratidzira muRomania inoshandisawo Facebook - peji remutauro wechiRomanian rine zvinopfuura mazana manomwe ezviuru 'Likes'. Kambani iyi inoti inotsigirwa nevanhu vemunzvimbo iyi uye vatsigiri vemigodhi vakaratidzira pachezvavo makore apfuura, kunyange hazvo pasina kana kuremerwa neaya evanopikisa.

Ndiko kuwanikwa kwakapararira kweinternet kunoita kuti social media ive chishandiso chine simba. Kutaura chokwadi, social media haisi chishandiso chekuronga mukukonana kwese. Harisi bara resirivheri rekuita kuti vanhu vagare vachiunganidzira zvikonzero zvakanaka, asi zviri pachena kuti tekinoroji yeruzivo yanhasi ine mhedzisiro yekuputsa nyika uye makambani kutonga pamusoro pekufambiswa kwemashoko. Social media inogona kuratidza nyika zviri kuitika uye kudzivirira mamiriro ane njodzi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuve zvakanaka kumunhu uye zvakaipa kune vadzvanyiriri.

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