Ariel Sharon 'akatonga' nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yeIsrael

Ariel ('Arik') Sharon akaberekwa musi wa 26 February 1928 muKfar Malal, moshav yekurima, ipapo muBritish Mandate yePalestine, kumhuri yeBelarusian vaJudha, Shmuel Scheinerman weBrest-Litovsk naVera Scheinerman weMogilev. Akashanda muIDF kwemakore anopfuura 25, achisiya chinzvimbo cheMajor-General. Aive neLL.B muMutemo kubva kuHebrew University yeJerusarema (1962). Sharon akabatana neHaganah pazera remakore 14. Munguva yeHondo yerusununguko ya1948, akaraira kambani yevacheche muAlexandroni Brigade.

Basa raSharon remakumi emakumi emakore rakaratidzwa nenguva dzemakakatanwa akadzama uye kurumbidzwa kwakawanda, uye rakapedzwa nebhuku nemaronda akakura akawanikwa munhandare yehondo yeHondo yeKuzvitonga uye nesimba rezvematongerwo enyika rakachengetedzwa kuburikidza nesarudzo dzakatevedzana dzeIsrael. Makore ake ekupedzisira ezvematongerwo enyika, semutungamiri wehurumende kubva muna 2001 kusvika 2006, acharangarirwa seaya anoratidzwa nekutsvaira kwekurwisa-hugandanga kunoteverwa nekukakavadzana kwakatonyanya kutsvaira runyararo. Sharon akasarudzwa pakati pehondo yehugandanga iyo vanhu vePalestine panguva iyoyo vaizvirumbidza kuti yakanga yave mwedzi kana isiri makore mukuronga, uye iyo yakapedzisira yaputika mushure mekunge Mutungamiri wePalestine Yasser Arafat aramba kupihwa kwerunyararo muna Chikunguru 2000 kubva kumutungamiri waSharon, Ehud Barak. Vanoongorora zvematongerwo enyika vakasimbisa panguva iyi kuti mhirizhonga, iyo yaizotora hupenyu hwezviuru chaizvo, yaidzipa mukana werunyararo. Kutevera mabhomba ekuzviuraya - uye pakarepo mushure mekurwiswa kwaMarch 2002 paPaseka Seder muNetanya umo vanhu makumi matatu vakaurayiwa - Sharon akatanga Operation Defensive Shield yeIsrael kudzura zvivakwa zvehugandanga muWest Bank.

Mhedzisiro yekukurumidza yakaona kudonha kwe46 muzana mukubhomba kwekuzviuraya, uye nehafu yechipiri yegore kudonha kwe70 muzana. Muna 2003 Sharon akafambisa bato reLikud kuburikidza nesarudzo dzemutemo kwaakabuda akakunda, achiona kuenderera mberi kwake semutungamiriri. Aizopedzisira apatsanuka kubva pakati-kurudyi Likud mushure mekuchengetedza nekuita hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hwekubvisa - hwakagamuchirwa muna 2004 uye dzikamiswa muna 2005 - izvo zvakabvisa maIsrael ese kubva kuGaza Strip uye kubva munzvimbo ina dzeWest Bank. Pakati pevamwe Mutungamiri George Bush neMunyori Mukuru weUnited Nations, VaKofi Annan, vakarumbidza kubviswa kwaitwa nekupa nzvimbo yekufema uye nzvimbo kune imwe nyika yePalestine ichangoburwa, kunyange hazvo danho iri rakapedza guta guru rezvematongerwo enyika raSharon rikaita kuti apesane nekodzero yeIsrael.Achitsvaga kubatanidza rutsigiro rwezvematongerwo enyika neruzhinji mumashure mechirongwa ichi, Sharon akaumba bato repakati, Kadima, achiunza vanhu vepamusoro kubva pakati-kuruboshwe nepakati-kurudyi kweIsrael. Muna Ndira 2006 - mushure memwedzi mishoma Kadima aumbwa uye mukati mesarudzo dzeIsrael idzo bato rakanga richangoumbwa raizopedzisira rakunda - Sharon akarohwa nesitiroko ndokutsvedza mucoma yaakaramba kumuka.

Basa raSharon rakatambanudzira arc kubva gamba rehondo kuenda kusimba rezvematongerwo enyika, uye rakaratidzwa mukati mese nekutsoropodzwa kubva kurudyi nekuruboshwe. Munguva yehondo yeIsrael muna 1948 akakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa panguva yeHondo yeLatrun. Akapora uye akazova mukuru wemauto, uye muma1950s akapihwa basa rekutungamira kurwisa muJorodhani mushure mekurwiswa kwemagandanga kwakabva munyika iyoyo. Muna 1973 akaita basa rakakosha mukukandira kumashure mauto eEjipita anga achiwana budiriro mushure mekutanga kurwisa kusingatarisirwi kwakatanga hondo. Muna 1982, seGurukota reDziviriro, Sharon aitarisira Operation Peace for the Galilee, iyo yaida kudzura nyika-mukati menyika yakanga yavakwa nePalestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) kumaodzanyemba kweLebanon. Hondo yakapera nekudzingwa kwePLO kubva munyika, asi zvakare yakaona zvisingagoneki chiitiko chakanyanya kukakavara mubasa raSharon rechiuto. MunaGunyana, 1982, apo IDF yakanga ichishanda kubvisa magandanga muBeirut, mauto ari pasi pemurairo waSharon akabvumira mauto eLebanese-Christian Phalangist kupinda mumisasa yevapoteri yeSabra neShatila kunze kweguta. Huwandu hune chekuita nekupondwa kwakatevera kwakaitwa nemaPhalangist kunopokana zvakanyanya, uye kubva kunopfuura 750 kusvika kune vangangoita zviuru zvitatu zvevanhu.

Komisheni yakatevera yekubvunzurudza yakawana Sharon akonzeresa kuponda uku, uye zvakanyanya kumuwana aine mhosva yekutadza kutarisira mukana wekuti maPhalangist angaite hutsinye (mukuru weLebanon uyo ari kupomerwa mhosva yekuraira kuponda kwakaona mhuri yake uye pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. mukadzi akapondwa nevarwi vekuPalestine mune inonzi kuuraya kweDamour makore matanhatu apfuura). Hukuru hwemhosva yaSharon yekuponda iyi hunoramba huchipikiswa - matare akatonga kuti TIME, semuenzaniso, akamupomera zvenhema mhosva - asi akawanikwa nekomisheni yeIsrael aine mhosva yekudeura ropa uye akamanikidzwa kusiya basa. Sharon akatora hutongi hwebato reLikud muna 1999, mushure mekunge Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu akundwa neLabour slate inotungamirwa naEhud Barak. Kumuka kwemhirizhonga yePalestine iyo yakazozivikanwa seSecond Intifada yakazunungusa kutenda kweveruzhinji muhurumende yaBaraki, uye muna 2001 Sharon akakunda muhondo yainetsa yehutungamiriri. Kana kuuraya kwaSabra naShatila kuchiratidzira chiitiko chehondo chaSharon chakanetsa zvikuru, chiitiko che2000 padyo nekubuda kweChipiri Intifada chinogona kuratidza nguva yake yekupokana. Sharon ari kupomerwa mhosva yekukonzera mhirizhonga yehafu yemakore nekufamba nemapurisa achiperekedzwa netsoka achitevedza Tembere Mount muJerusarema munaGunyana 2000. Nzvimbo iyi inoshorwa zvechokwadi - ndiyo nzvimbo tsvene kwazvo pasi rose kumaJuda, uye yechitatu. chitsvene kuMuslim - uye vatsoropodzi vakati chiitiko ichi chakadyara mbeu kwemakore ehugandanga hwePalestine hwakatevera. Pano chinyorwa chevoruzhinji chakajeka zvikuru mukuzvidza Sharon.

Musangano weChikunguru 2000 weCamp David - waiitwa naBill Clinton, naBarak naArafat vachitaurirana - wanga watokundikana. VaArafat vanonzi ndivo vakakonzera kupunzika kwehurukuro idzi, kusanganisira naClinton. Vanhu vekuPalestine vakazozvirova dundundu vachiti mhirizhonga yakanga ichiitika. Arafat akange atoburitsa magandanga akati wandei kubva mutirongo panguva yakashanyira Sharon kuGomo. Mumiriri weAmerica Dennis Ross anorondedzera mubhuku rake Rugare Rusipo maIsrael akadana sei Washington neumboo hwekuti maPalestine "vaironga kuratidzira kukuru, kwechisimba muWest Bank yese uye mangwanani akatevera, senge mhinduro yekushanya kwaSharon." Washington yakamanikidza Arafat kuderedza mhirizhonga, asi mutungamiri wePalestine - zvakare neRoss - "haana kusimudza munwe kuti amise zviratidzo, izvo zvakabudisa Intifada yechipiri." Arafat, maererano naRoss, angave aine zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurega mhirizhonga ichibuda kunze kwekutonga: "Vamwe vanotenda kuti mushure meCamp David [Arafat] akagumisa kuti aisakwanisa kuita zvaaida kuburikidza nenhaurirano uye nokudaro akatanga mhirizhonga. . Vamwe vanotenda kuti akaronga kuwedzera mhirizhonga nguva yese iyi... maererano 'nenyaya yePalestine,' aida rusununguko rwePalestine kubva mukurwa." Ariel Sharon akafa semumwe wevamiriri veIsrael, mushure mekugadzirisazve mauto nezvematongerwo enyika eIsrael. Kuzvipira kwake kuhurumende yechiJudha kwakavakirwa mupfungwa yenhoroondo uye kudiwa kwakadzama kwekusika, kurera, nekuchengetedza utiziro hwemaJuda. Pamutambo wekurangarira Holocaust muGermany muna 2001, akarondedzera zvakaitika kune vana vatatu vechiJudha vakasiya chiteshi chechitima cheGrunewald uye - se "maJuda mamiriyoni matanhatu ... kusanganisira vana mamiriyoni 1.5" havana kudzoka.

Sharon akazivisa kuti "ikodzero yevanhu vechiJudha, mushure memakore ekutambudzika uye kushayiwa, kuti vave vatenzi vematambudziko edu uye kusarega chero munhu upi zvake anodzora kuguma kwevanhu vedu. Tichachengetedza kodzero iyi kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho."

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