Nyaya Yechokwadi: Central African Republic

European Union (EU) ishamwari huru yeCentral African Republic (CAR) uye nyika inopa rubatsiro. Hukama hunosungwa neChibvumirano cheCotonou.

Kunyangwe dambudziko risati raitika, CAR yakatarisana nemusanganiswa unotyisa wehutongi, hupfumi, magariro, nerubatsiro pamwe nematambudziko ekuchengetedza. Mukupindura, EU yakazvipira munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakaoma kutsigira kudzoreredza kwenguva refu kwemagariro nehupfumi, muhurongwa hwehurongwa hwekuvaka nyika nerunyararo, uye kubatsira kuvaka nyika yakagadzikana.

EU yanga ichinetsekana nekudzikira kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kuchengetedzeka, zvematongerwo enyika uye mamiriro ekubatsira vanhu muCAR, kunyanya muna 2012.

Kuitwa kwakakura kwezvibvumirano zverunyararo zvekare, zvakasanganiswa nekusingaperi pasi-budiriro uye ruzivo rwakareba rwenyika yekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, zvakaita kuti pave nekukakavadzana kutsva muna Zvita 2012. Pasinei nekusaina pa11 Ndira 2013 muLibreville yechibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika chinotanga a nguva yekuchinja, kunetsana kwakaguma nekubvutwa kwemasimba nechisimba uye shanduko yehurumende zvisiri pamutemo nemapoka evapanduki eSELEKA muna Kurume 2013.

Dambudziko riripo riri kubata ruzhinji rwevanhu (mamiriyoni 4.6, hafu yavo vana). Kubva 24 Gunyana, maive ne394,900 IDPs muCAR uye vangangoita 61,000 veCentral Africa vakapotera munyika dzakavakidzana (OCHA). Kusvika kwekubatsira vanhu kwakaganhurirwa nekusachengeteka. Kushaikwa kwekuwana kunoita kuti zviome kutarisa mamiriro ese erubatsiro. EU yakatungamira mukukurudzira uye kupa mari kuCAR pakati pevanopa rubatsiro, uye yave nerubatsiro rwechigarire muBangui kubva kare zvisati zvaitika.

Mamiriro ezvinhu muCAR ari kukanganisa zvinogona kukanganisa dunhu. Kushaikwa kwemauto anochengetedza zviri pamutemo kunowedzera njodzi yekuti nyika ive nzvimbo yakachengeteka yematsotsi nemapoka ane zvombo kubva kunyika dzakavakidzana.

Nyika, iyo yakambove yakaonekwa se "archetype" ye "nyika isina kusimba", ikozvino yakatarisana nekuputsika kwemutemo uye kurongeka uye kuparara kwemasangano ehurumende.

Zvibvumirano zveLibreville uye chiziviso cheN'Djamena che18 Kubvumbi, zvose zvakabatanidzwa neEconomic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), zvinoramba zvichipa hwaro hwekugadzirisa dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika muCentral African Republic. Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwakagadzirwa neECCAS, bumbiro remapato ezvematongerwo enyika rakaitwa kuti ritungamire mwedzi gumi nemisere yeshanduko iyo inofanirwa kutungamira kurongwa kwesarudzo kutanga kwa18 uye kumiswazve kwebumbiro remitemo. .

Kudzoreredzwa kwechengetedzo uye kurongeka kwevanhu zvinoramba zviri izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kudzikamisa nyika mukutsigira hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika. Kuvandudza ruzivo rwevanhu uye kutangisazve rubatsiro rwekusimudzira kwakabatana zvakananga nezviitiko zvakanaka mumamiriro ekuchengetedza.

EU mhinduro kune dambudziko

Kubva pakatanga mhirizhonga itsva mukupera kwa2012, EU yakawedzera kutaura kwayo kune vanodyidzana. Iri kushanda nesimba mukuyedza kudzikamisa zvinhu muCAR uye kudzoreredza hurumende yakagadzikana munyika. Komisheni Georgieva akashanyira nyika kaviri muna 2013 (nguva pfupi yadarika, 13 Gumiguru, kumusangano wekubatana neGurukota rezvekunze reFrance, Laurent Fabius), uye akatungamira musangano wemakurukota pamusoro pedambudziko revanhu muCAR pa2013 UN General Assembly neFrance. uye UN.

Muna Chikumi 2013, EU yakatumira bato repakati-sevhisi (EEAS, Komisheni) kuCAR kuti iongorore mamiriro epasi uye sarudzo dzeEU. Sechikamu chezvakakurudzirwa seti yezviito zvechimbichimbi zvinogona kutorwa neEU kuti ienderere mberi nekutsigira kudzikamiswa uye kusasimba kwezvematongerwo enyika, European Commission yakagamuchira pakati paNyamavhuvhu chirongwa chekudzikamisa miriyoni gumi nekuda kwedambudziko repashure pemhirizhonga pasi pehurumende. Instrument of Stability (IfS). Chirongwa ichi chakagadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana nemapurojekiti arikuenderera mberi anopihwa mari pasi pegumi EDF (European Development Fund). Zvikamu zvakasiyana zvepurogiramu:

1. Sanganisira pasuru yekutanga yerutsigiro yemauto anochengetedza veruzhinji, kuburikidza nechiito chekuyedza kudzorera zvinhu zvemapurisa nemauto muguta guru;

2. kutsigira kudzoserwa kwehunyanzvi hwevezvenhau vakazvimirira kuitira kuti vabatsire mukuwaniswa kweruzivo rwechinangwa nerwekunetsana muBangui nemumatunhu;

3. chinangwa chekudzivirira kumwe kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kuburikidza nekutumirwa kwemabasa ekucherechedza kodzero dzevanhu, achaitwa neHofisi yeUnited Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), uye;

4. tarisa mukukurudzira nhaurirano pakati penharaunda uye kudzikira kwekunetsana kuri kuwedzera pakati pemaKristu nemaMuslim.

Maererano nezvakawanikwa zvebasa repakati-sevhisi, chirongwa chekugadzirisa zvakare chakatangwa neEU Commissioner for Development Andris Piebalgs, kuti ienderane nerubatsiro rwebudiriro yeEU iripo kune zvinodiwa zvitsva (ona pazasi).

EU inoramba yakazvipira kutsigira hurongwa hwekuchinja zvinhu muCAR.

EU rubatsiro rwevanhu

Chinonyanya kukosha cheEuropean Commission's Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid uye Civil Protection Office's (ECHO) muCentral African Republic ndeyekubatsira vanhu vanotambura zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga munyika. Iyo yekutanga € 8 miriyoni envelopu ye2013 yakawedzerwa kusvika € 20 miriyoni, zvichiita kuti EU (ECHO) ive mupi mukuru wenyika. Mari iyi iri kushandiswa kutsigira kuchengetedzwa, kuwana rubatsiro rwehutano, chikafu uye rubatsiro rwekubatsira rubatsiro, kugovera-mvura yekunwa, mabasa ehutsanana, kutakura zvinhu uye kurongeka kwevanhu pamwe chete nekugadzirisa zvinodiwa nevanorwisana. Mari iyi inotsigirawo simba rakawedzerwa rekupindura kwechimbichimbi kwemasangano eUN uye maNGO.

Nekuda kwekunetsa kuwana vanhu vanoda rubatsiro muCAR, European Commission inotsigirawo United Nations Humanitarian Aid Service (UNHAS) ne €650 000.

Chikwata cheEU (ECHO) nyanzvi dzekubatsira vanhu chiri pasi uye kutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu, kuongorora zvinodiwa, kutarisa kushandiswa kwemari yeEU, uye kushanda pamwe chete neEU Member States nevamwe vanopa. IEU inoshanda nemasangano anobatsira vanhu ayo anoiswa zvakanyanya kuunza rubatsiro muCAR (UNICEF, International Committee yeRed Cross, UNOCHA uye akawanda NGOs).

EU (ECHO) yanga ichitsigira mabasa ekuponesa hupenyu muCAR kubvira 2001 nebhajeti yakazara ye63.7 miriyoni, uye yanga ichitungamira kuedza kusimudza chimiro chedambudziko rerubatsiro iro rave nemakore akawanda 'rakakanganwika'.

EU rubatsiro rwekusimudzira

EU yakapawo mumakore apfuura rubatsiro rwekusimudzira kuti rizadzise zvidikanwi zvevanhu vanotambura zvakanyanya. Nezviitiko muna Zvita 2012 naKurume 2013, rubatsiro rwekusimudzira EU haruna kumbomiswa asi rwakambomiswa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza. Zvatinonyanya kukoshesa zviri kugadziriswa maererano nemamiriro akaita zvinhu pasi. Kunyanya kuchave kupihwa kune zvirongwa zvevashandi zvakanyanya munzvimbo yeBangui kupa rutsigiro rwakananga kuruzhinji uye nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kubatsira kudzoreredza hutongi.

Pakati pa2008 na2013, mari inosvika mazana maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu emamiriyoni emadhora yakagoverwa nyika yese kuburikidza nemidziyo yemari yakasiyana (€ 225 miriyoni kuburikidza negumi reEuropean Development Fund (EDF) uye € 160 miriyoni kuburikidza neEU bhajeti).

Mamwe matanho ekutsigira masangano evagari venzvimbo uye zviremera zvemunzvimbo, democracy uye zviitiko zvine chekuita nekodzero dzevanhu asiwo zvekubatsira mukutonga kwemasango zvinopihwa mari pasi pezviridzwa zvakati wandei zvinobva mubhajeti reEU.

Tsigiro yeMICOPAX/AFISM-CAR

Kare, CAR yakaitisa zvirongwa zvekutsigira runyararo munharaunda uye pasi rose. Iyo yazvino ndeye MICOPAX mashandiro, akaiswa kubva muna Chikunguru 2008, inowira pasi pebasa reEconomic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). MICOPAX yaitarisirwa kubviswa kusvika dambudziko idzva ratanga pakupera kwa2012. Yakaita basa rakakosha rekudzikamisa, asi nekupa huwandu hwayo hwemauto, zvisinei haina kukwanisa kumisa vapanduki veSELEKA kupinda muGuta guru, Bangui.

Dambudziko iri rinoita kuti ECCAS ikumbire kugadzirisazve MICOPAX nechinangwa chitsva chekudzorera kugadzikana, kuchengetedza vanhuwo zvavo, kutsigira mauto eCAR uye kuronga kwesarudzo.

Troop mazinga akawedzera zvichienderana kubva pakutanga 700 kusvika kune vanopfuura 2,300 varume. Kuburikidza neAfrican Peace Facility (APF), EU yakatsigira MICOPAX neyakaitangira (FOMUC) kubvira 2008 nemari inosvika 90 miriyoni.

Musi wa18 Chikunguru 2013, Komiti yeAfrican Union Political and Security Committee yakabvumidza kutumirwa kweBato reAfrican Support International Support Mission muCentral African Republic (AFISM-CAR) rinotungamirwa neAfrica. Ichange iine simba rakakura kudarika MICOPAX uye ichabvisawo mamwe mauto (anosvika zviuru zvitatu nemazana mashanu).

Kunyangwe mauto eECCAS achaumba musana wayo, ichabvumirawo kuti dzimwe nyika dzibatsire. Kuendeswa kwemabasa pakati peECCAS/MICOPAX neAU/AFISM-CAR kunotarisirwa kuitika gore ra2013 risati rapera. EU inoda kupa rubatsiro rwemari kuAFISM-CAR mukati memiganhu yayo yezviwanikwa zviripo.

Foreign Affairs Council Mhedziso 21 Gumiguru.

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