Chidzidzo chinoratidza kuti mapolymers ekutanga anogona kushandiswazve kusvika kagumi

Dare reIntergovernmental Negotiating Committee, iro rinosanganisira nyika zhinji dziri muUN, riri kuronga kupedzisa kugadzira gwaro rinosunga zviri pamutemo pasi rose pamusangano uchaitirwa muSeoul muSeoul. Mbudzi 2024 kurwisa kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki.

Gwaro rinotarisa kuunganidzwa kwepurasitiki nekubatanidzwa kwayo mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva (kudzokorodza) pasina kumisa kugadzirwa kwemapolymers, ane zvimiro zvakasiyana, senge huremu hwavo, mutengo wakaderera, kugona kuchengetedza hunyoro nemhepo, uye mukana wekugadzirisa zvakare.

Pasinei nemhando dzakasiyana dzepurasitiki, maitiro epasi rose pamusoro payo anosanganiswa. Kutanga kwegore rino, Center for Climate Integrity (CCI) yakaburitsa chinodenha ripoti vachipomera makambani epasi rose petrochemical anonyengedza veruzhinji kwemakore achiti kudzokorodza kwepurasitiki kunokwanisika pachiyero cheindasitiri. Boka rezvakatipoteredza rakataura kuti marara epurasitiki mazhinji haagone kudzokororwa nekuda kwezvinetso zvetekinoroji uye zvehupfumi. Imwe yenharo iyo CCI yakapa kutsigira mhedziso yayo yaive yekuti "mhando yepurasitiki inodzikisira sezvairi kudzokororwa," ichimisa kushandiswa kwayo uye kuwedzera kudzokorodza.

Ongororo ichangoburwa neRussian Chemists Union inoramba zvachose chirevo ichi, zvichiratidza kuti akajairika (yakakwirira-tonnage) marudzi emapolymers - PP, LDPE, HDPE, PVC, uye PS - anogona kubudirira kudzokororwa kakawanda pasina kurasikirwa nevatengi. Ongororo dzakaitwa nekubatanidzwa kweRosbiotech University nemamwe masangano esainzi dzakaratidza kuti yakaderera-density polyethylene (LDPE) uye polyvinyl chloride (PVC) vanochengeta midziyo yavo yevatengi mushure mekushandiswazve ka10; high-density polyethylene (HDPE), 9 nguva; polypropylene, 8 nguva; uye polystyrene, 5 nguva.

Masayendisiti akabatanidzwa muchidzidzo akaongorora kunaka kwezvinhu zvakadzokororwa vachishandisa zviratidzo zvitanhatu: molecular uremu, kutyora kushushikana, kurebesa kureba panguva yekuzorora, mapoka ane oxygen, yero, uye kunyungudika kuyerera.

Russia inoronga kugadzira nzira yekudzokorodza mapolymers ekutanga uye kuona mashandisiro avo. Zvichawedzera kuwanda kumakambani anoona nezvezvakatipoteredza kugadzira zvinhu kubva mupurasitiki yakadzokororwa. Nekugadzira kudzokorodza, zvinogoneka kudzikisa mari yezvakatipoteredza iyo mapolymer processors angatarisana nawo mune ramangwana.

Iyo Russian Chemists Union yakasimbisa kuti mapolymers anopa yakanakisa mukana wekushandisa muhupfumi hwakatenderera. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yeindasitiri, inopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana emamiriyoni mashanu ematani emarara epurasitiki anogadzirwa gore rega muRussia anogona kudzokororwa uye kushandiswa mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva, kusanganisira kurongedza.

SIBUR, mugadziri mukuru wepolymer wekuRussia, ari kuwedzera kusanganisa zvinhu zvakadzokororwa mukugadzirwa kwayo. SIBUR yatoshandisa mechani kudzokorodza tsvina yepurasitiki - PET, LDPE, PP, uye nevamwe - kugadzira eco-inoshamwaridzika mapolymers, pasi pemhando yayo yeVivilen, inosvika makumi manomwe muzana zvakadzokororwa zvemukati.

Kambani iyi iri kugadzirira kuburitsa makemikari kudzoreredza (thermolysis), izvo zvinogonesa kuiswa kwezvakaoma-kudzokorodza tsvina yepurasitiki mukugadzira. Iyi tekinoroji, kuburikidza nekusarudza, tembiricha yepamusoro (400 ° C), uye kumanikidza, inoshandura tsvina yepolymer kuita aquathermolysis "mafuta" anogona kupatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana - kubva naphtha kuenda kune yakareruka gasi mafuta - uye inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa kugadzirwa kwepolymer.

Nekudaro, mapolymers ari kuwedzera kubatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva, zvichibatsira nharaunda nehupfumi. Mapolymers ave chigadzirwa chedenderedzwa-hupfumi, uye sekusimbisa kweRussia Chemists Union, vane mukana wekudzokororwa kakawanda.

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