Dambudziko remarara muEurope: Sei kuranga mhinduro yacho kusina musoro

Chidzidzo chitsva kubva kumasangano ekutsvagisa ekuEurope ifeu nePrognos Consulting chinopa yambiro yakajeka nezvenjodzi yatisingachakwanise kufuratira: kuburitswa kwemethane kubva mumarara akazadzwa nevhu kuri kuisa zvinangwa zveEU panjodzi yemamiriro ekunze, anonyora Siegfried Scholz, Mutungamiriri weEuropean Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology (ESWET).

Methane idambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Inobata kupisa kwakapetwa ka80 kupfuura CO₂ mumakore makumi maviri patani inoburitswa uye inokonzera kupisa kwepasi rose kuripo. Gasi iri rinobuda sezvinhu zvechisikigo munzvimbo dzinorasirwa marara - kungave zvimedu zvechikafu, mapepa, kana marara emubindu - zvichiora mumamiriro ekunze asina okisijeni pasi pevhu. Kana zvangovigwa, zvinhu izvi zvinoburitsa methane kwemakumi emakore.

Kunyangwe EU ikazadzisa chinangwa chayo chikuru chekuisa marara emaguta 10% chete panosvika gore ra2035, saka kubva kumarara matsva anoiswa panzvimbo dziripo chete, kuburitswa kwemethane kuchasvika matani mamiriyoni mazana manomwe panosvika gore ra2050. Izvi zvinoenzana nechikamu chose chemagetsi cheEU.₂ Kuburitswa kwemhepo muna 2022, sekureva kweAmber, nyanzvi yezvemagetsi. Fungidziro idzi hadzina kana kumbofunga nezvehuwandu hwemhepo inoburitswa kubva kumamiriyoni ematani achiri kupararira munzvimbo idzi kusvika muna 2022.

Dambudziko iri rakapararira asi hazvigoneke kuonekwa nemaziso ese, sezvo methane isina hwema uye isina ruvara. Nerombo rakanaka, zvidzidzo zvitsva zvakavakirwa pamifananidzo yesetiraiti zvakakwanisa kutsanangura nyaya iyi uye zvakaratidza kudonha kukuru kwemvura kubva munzvimbo dzinorasirwa marara muEurope. Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvinoratidza kuti Madrid chete ndiyo yakasangana nezviitiko zve "super-emitter" pakati pa2021 nepakati pa2023, nekuburitswa kweavhareji yematani matatu kusvika mana emethane paawa. Izvo zvakanyorwa muguta guru reSpain zvaive zvisiri zviitiko zvakangoerekana zvaitika panzvimbo dzakasiyiwa, asi kuburitswa kwemhepo kunoramba kuripo kubva kunzvimbo dzakarasirwa marara kwenguva refu.

Mhinduro yacho inoita seiri nyore: kuderedza marara echikafu, kuwedzera huwandu hwemarara ekudzokorodza uye kugamuchira kushandiswazve kwese kunogoneka. Asi chokwadi chiripo chakaoma. Kunyangwe mishandirapamwe yekudzivirira marara ine simba inosiya marara akasara ezvipenyu zvakaita sezvimedu zvechikafu, bepa rakasviba, zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakasvibiswa, izvo zvisingagone kudzokorodzwa. Chikamu ichi chisingadzivisiki chemarara chinofanira kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. Mubvunzo ndewokuti anoora here munzvimbo dzakarasirwa marara dzisina okisijeni, achiburitsa methane kwemakumi emakore, kana kuti marara akasara anogona kuraswa nenzira iri nani here.

Tekinoroji yeWaste-to-Energy (WtE) inopa mhinduro yakasimbiswa. Nekurapa marara akasara nekupisa, inobvisa methane zvachose uku ichigadzira kupisa kwedunhu uye simba renharaunda. Maitiro aya anodzosawo simbi dzaizoramba dzakavigwa uye dzakarasika nekusingaperi uye anogadzira zvinhu zvakaita seaggregate yekuvaka. Pasi peEU's Industrial Emissions Directive, zvivakwa zveWtE zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza zvakanyanya kupfuura mabasa mazhinji emaindasitiri. Mune ramangwana, tekinoroji yekubata kabhoni inovimbisa kuwana negative emissions kana biogenic carbon yabviswa. UK ichangobva kutanga nzvimbo yekutanga yenyika yekubata kabhoni yakazara yenzvimbo yeWtE, ichigadzira nzira yemhinduro dzakafanana mukondinendi yeEurope nekune dzimwe nyika.

WtE inobata marara asingakwanise kudzokororwa uye ichawedzera simba sezvo ichigonesa Europe kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo zvekuderedza marara. Kana EU yakatsunga kuisa marara ari pasi pe10% panosvika gore ra2035, zvichienderana nezvinangwa zviripo, ichada WtE kuti ishandise marara asingakwanise kudzivirirwa, kushandiswazve, kana kudzokororwa.

Asi Brussels ikozvino iri kufunga nezvemutemo waizokanganisa mhinduro iyi. Kuwedzerwa kweEmissions Trading System (ETS) kunosanganisira mafekitori eWtE kwaizoda kuti vashandi vatenge marezenisi ekuburitsa hutsi hwematani ese eCO₂ anogadzirwa panguva yekurapwa kwekupisa. Sezvo vashandi vachikwidza muripo wekupinda kuti vabhadhare mari yemarezenisi, bhiri iri raizopfuudzwa kune vanobhadhara mutero, zvichimanikidza maguta muEurope yose kuti afunge nezvedzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa marara.

Mhedzisiro yacho inoshamisa: sezvo Europe ichimanikidza nehasha kuderedza kurasirwa kwemarara, panguva imwe chete yaizoranga zvivakwa chaizvo - WtE - zvinodiwa kuti zvizadzise chinangwa ichocho. Mhinduro iyi inokundikanawo kufunga nezvekutenderera kunogoneswa nezvivakwa zveWtE: kudzoreredza simbi, kugadzira kupisa nemagetsi, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi pamwe chete nemukana wekutora kabhoni nekushandiswa kwaizorasika. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kuwedzera kweETS kuenda kuzvirimwa zveWTE hakutarisiri kuburitswa kwemethane kunodziviswa.

Mhinduro dzeEU kubvunzana panyaya iyi dzinoratidza kupikiswa kukuru kubva kune vane chekuita neindasitiri vanoziva kusawirirana uku. Kana chinangwa chako chiri chekudzivirira methane kuti isapinda mumhepo, haugone panguva imwe chete kubvisa imwe nzira inoshanda pane marara akasara anoburitsa marara ane biogenic.

EU inotarisana nesarudzo yakakosha. Inogona kutsvaga mitengo yekabhoni yakachena inoramba ichienderera mberi nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo mumarara, kana kuti inogona kuona kuti kudzivirira kudonha kwemethane kwemakumi emakore kunotsigira kurapwa kwemarara nekupisa, kunyanya kana tekinoroji yekubata kabhoni ichigona kuita kuti nzvimbo idzi dzisave nekabhoni.

Kana Europe ichinyatsofunga nezvechisungo chayo chepamutemo chekusvika panosvika gore ra2050, inofanira kuwiriranisa zvinokurudzira nemigumisiro. Izvi zvinoreva kukurumidza kubviswa kwemarara anorasirwa muzvinhu zvipenyu, kuwedzera zvivakwa zvekudzokorodza marara, uye kutsigira panzvimbo pekuparadza nzvimbo dzekurapa dzinochengetedza methane mumhepo uku dzichiwana zviwanikwa zvinokosha.

Dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinoda nzira yakasiyana zvikuru. Europe inofanira kusarudza mhinduro dzinoshanda, kwete mitemo inonzwika zvakanaka papepa asi ichikundikana kushanda.

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