Ongororo yakaitwa pamaguta 862 ekuEurope inoratidza kushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibira zvakakwana. Inoratidzawo musiyano wenzvimbo unokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze uye musiyano wakajeka wehupfumi hwevanhu. 

Ongororo itsva yekusvika kwenzvimbo dzakasvibira munzvimbo dzemaguta inoratidza kukosha kwekudzosa zvisikwa mumaguta eEurope, izvo zvakakosha pakugara mumaguta kwenguva refu. 

Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti chikamu chidiki chete, chisingasviki 15% yevanhu vemumaguta ekuEurope, ndicho chinobatsirwa nehupfumi hwese. Pfungwa ye "3-30-300" yekurima, gwara rekuchengetedza masango mumaguta uye kurima zvirimwa iro rava kushandiswa zvakanyanya nemasangano ehurumende nemasangano epasi rose. Mutemo wekurima zvirimwa unotsigira kuva nemiti mitatu inoonekwa kubva pamusha wega wega, kuva ne30% yekuvhara matanda munharaunda yega yega, uye kugara mukati memamita mazana matatu kubva panzvimbo yegirini yepamusoro.

rakabudiswa muna Nature Communications, tsvakiridzo iyi yakawana kuti 13.5% yevanhu vakaongororwa vanogara zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa izvi zvizere, nepo 21% vachigara munzvimbo dzisingasvike pazviyero zvitatu. 

Ongororo iyi yakaitwa neEuropean Commission pamwe chete neYunivhesiti yeCopenhagen. Yakashandisa mifananidzo yesatellite ine resolution yepamusoro uye data rezvehupfumi hwevanhu. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinoratidzawo "kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzakapfuma" uko nzvimbo dzakapfuma dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekufukidzwa kwemiti uye kuva pedyo nezvisikwa kupfuura nzvimbo dzine mari shoma.

% yevanhu

< 2%< 2 - 4%< 4 - 8%< 8 - 15%< 15 - 23%> 24%

UHI intensity yemaguta zana ekuEurope.

Kusimba kweUrban Heat Island (UHI) mumadhigirii Celsius °C (90th percentile) kumaguta zana eEurope

Dzokera kumepu yekare.

Nheyo ye3-30-300

Nzvimbo dzegirinhi dzemumaguta dzinowedzera hupenyu hwakanaka nekuderedza zvinhu zvinokanganisa nharaunda zvakaita sekupisa kwakanyanya, zvitsuwa zvinopisa, kusvibiswa kweruzha, uye mhepo isina kunaka, ukuwo zvichikurudzira hutano nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu. Zvisinei, kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta kunowanzoisa njodzi munzvimbo idzi dzinokosha, zvichiwedzera kusawirirana kwehupfumi hwevanhu mukuwana zvirimwa zvemumaguta.

Kuvaka pamusoro iyo European Green Deal's Kuzvipira kwavo pakuchinja kwenzvimbo dzine girini, EU iri kukurudzira kurima girini mumaguta kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakakosha zvakaita se Chibvumirano cheGreen City uye zvinosungirwa pamutemo Nature Restoration Regulation. Chekupedzisira chinorayira maguta eEU kudzivirira kurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzakasvibira uye miti yakafukidzwa nadzo panosvika gore ra2030, zvichiratidza kuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiitika mushure mezvo.

Pamwe chete nezvirongwa izvi zvemutemo, mutemo we3-30-300 - wakatangwa ne Sangano reMhinduro Dzakavakirwa Pazvisikwa - yave chiratidzo chinoshanda chekurima masango mumaguta. Inotarisa pamipiro yezvisikwa zvemumaguta kuhutano, kugara zvakanaka, uye kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. 

Huwandu hwevanhu mumaguta hwakawedzera paavhareji ne16% mukati menguva ya2010-2020, ukuwo maguta akawedzera ne2.3%. Nekudzikira kwenzvimbo dzemaguta dzakasvibira uye huwandu hwemiti hwakadzikira ne0.3% zvichiteerana uye 1.6%, kuedza kushandisa mutemo we3-30-300 kwava kutonyanya kukosha.

Kupatsanurwa kwegirini

Kuzadzikiswa kwemutemo we3-30-300 kunosiyana zvakanyanya mukondinendi yese nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze uye hupfumi. Panzvimbo, mwero wepamusoro wekutevedzera mitemo wakanyanya kuwanda muScandinavia, Germany, nePoland - kunyanya mumaguta akaita seHelsinki (57%), Hamburg (55%), neKrakow (47%). Kusiyana neizvi, maguta ekumaodzanyemba kweEurope akadai seAthens (3.3%), Palermo (1.9%), neCordoba (1.0%) anoratidza kutevedzera mitemo kwakaderera zvakanyanya.

Kupatsanurwa uku kwekuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kungangodaro kunoratidza kukwira kwemamiriro ekunze: nzvimbo dzine hunyoro dzekuchamhembe kweEurope dzinotsigira zvinomera zvinodiwa nemutemo, nepo mamiriro ekunze akaoma eMediterranean achiita kuti zvinangwa izvi zviome zvikuru kuita pasina kutarisirwa kwakasimba.

Kunze kwemamiriro ekunze, kugoverwa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibira inyaya yekuenzana. Ongororo iyi yakawana kuti maguta ane GDP yakakwira pamunhu (GDPc) anowanzo kupa nzvimbo dzakasvibira. Kune maguta ari muchikamu chepasi cheGDPc, chikamu chepakati chevanhu vanozadzisa mutemo we3-30-300 chinoramba chiri pasi pe10%, nepo maguta ari muchikamu chepamusoro cheGDPc achiratidza huwandu hwakanyanya, nepakati pe15% kusvika 20% uye ari pamusoro pepamusoro anodarika 45%. 

Data iri rinosimbisa "musiyano wakakura" apo maguta akapfuma epakati nekuchamhembe kweEurope ane mukana wakapetwa kaviri wekusangana nezvinodiwa zvemasango izvi zvichienzaniswa nemaguta ane mari shoma kuChamhembe nekuMabvazuva kweEurope. Uyezve, ongororo yakadzama ichishandisa data remari inoraswa (pa200m kusvika 1km resolution) inoratidza hukama hwakanaka: muEurope yese, vagari vemumaguta vane mari yakawanda inoraswa vanowanzogara munzvimbo dzine mukana wakakura wekuona zvisikwa.

Strategic kurudziro

Kuzadzisa zvinangwa zve3-30-300 mumaguta akavakwa nevanhu vakawanda ane marongerwo enhoroondo akaomarara kunounza matambudziko makuru. Kuti izvi zviitike, kuyera mashandisirwo evhu anokwikwidzana kunoda kuronga nekuchenjera, kuwana mapaki nenzira itsva, uye kuzvipira kuchengetedza nekuwedzera zvirimwa zvemumaguta. 

Masango ari pedyo nemaguta anofanira kukosheswa nekuda kwekukwanisa kwawo kuderedza kupisa kwechitsuwa chemaguta (UHI) uye kuvandudza mhando yemhepo. Zvirongwa zvekudyara miti zvinofanirwawo kuwedzerwa kune ivhu revanhu vega nenzvimbo dzekugara izvo pamwe chete zvinomiririra nzvimbo yakakura, inowanzo shandiswa zvisina kukwana yekukura kwedenga. Kutakurwa kunogara kwenguva refu kunogona kusunungura nzvimbo dzemaguta dzinowanzo shandiswa mumigwagwa nenzvimbo dzekupaka mota.

Munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda mumaguta umo nzvimbo yevhu iri shoma, kusvibirira zvivakwa (semuenzaniso, matenga egirini, madziro egirini, uye maruva emabharukoni) zvinofanirwa kuve chinhu chikuru chekupa nzvimbo dzakakosha dzedenga dzakatwasuka uye dzakatwasuka. 

Mutemo we3-30-300 unopa hurongwa hwakajeka uye hunogona kuverengerwa. Nekushandisa mamepu aya ekutevedzera mitemo, vagadziri vemitemo vanogona kuyedza mamiriro enzvimbo dzekurima mumaguta, kutevera kufambira mberi, uye kugadzira mamiriro ekuronga ari kungovimbisa kuti vagari vese vanogona kuwana zvisikwa zvakaenzana.

Zvemukati zvinoenderana

Chinyorwa chekutaurirana kwezvisikwa: Kuongorora Maguta eEurope nemutemo we3-30-300 kunosimbisa kukosha kwekuvandudza mabasa ekurima mumaguta.

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