Carbon muganho wekugadzirisa mubhadharo uchaunzwa muna 2026

Komisheni Gentiloni akapa Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) nhasi (15 Chikunguru) yakanangana nekugadzirisa njodzi yekudonha kwekabhoni, izvo zvaizopa dzimwe nyika dzine zvishoma zvishuwo zvezvakatipoteredza zvinangwa mukana wemutengo. 

CBAM ndechimwe chezvikumbiro gumi nezvitatu zvakaunzwa nezuro (14 Chikunguru) zvine chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse neinosvika 55% panosvika 2030, zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a1990. Kuwana kudzikiswa kwehutsi hunodiwa neEuropean Climate Law ichangobva kupedzwa kunoda shanduko yakakosha yezvikamu zvakasiyana uye maturusi ekuchinja maitiro eindasitiri nevatengi. 

Mabhizinesi mazhinji eEU atove pasi peEU's Emissions Trading System (ETS), asi chero kuisirwa kwemaindasitiri kunze kweEU kusiri pasi pematanho ekuda kufanana, kuedza uku kunogona kurasikirwa nekuita. CBAM ine chinangwa chekuenzanisa mutengo wekabhoni pakati pezvigadzirwa zvemumba nezvinotengwa kunze kwenyika kune mamwe matunhu anonyanya kushandisa simba.

Kufanana neETS, iyo CBAM ichave yakavakirwa pazvitupa mitengo yazvo inoenderana neyakamisikidzwa kuburitswa kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Komisheni inotarisira kuti izvi zvichakurudzira vamwe 'kusvibira' maitiro avo ekugadzira uye kukurudzirawo hurumende dzekunze kuti dziunze mitemo yakasvibira kumaindasitiri.

Pachave nenguva yekuchinja, inozogara kubva 2023-2025, CBAM ichashanda kune simbi nesimbi, simende, fetiraiza, aluminium uye magetsi zvikamu. Muchikamu chino, vanotenga kunze kwenyika vanozongotaura kuburitswa kwakaiswa mumidziyo yavo, pasina kubhadhara gadziriso yemari. Izvi zvichapa nguva yekugadzirira iyo yekupedzisira sisitimu ichaiswa muna 2026, apo vanopinda kunze kwenyika vachazoda kutenga zvitupa zvinogona kudzikisirwa pakubuda kwakadzika. Izvi zvinopindirana nekubviswa kwekupihwa kwemahara pasi peETS. 

Komisheni yanga ichinetseka kutsanangura nzira itsva sechishandiso chezvemamiriro ekunze, kwete chiridzwa chemutero. Ichashanda kune zvigadzirwa, kwete nyika, zvichibva pane yavo chaiyo kabhoni yemukati, yakazvimiririra yenyika kwadzinobva.

Gentiloni yakashuma kuti makurukota ezvemari uye vepakati vemabhangi vanosangana seG20 muVenice vakagamuchira chikumbiro cheEU zvakanaka uye nechido. Akataura kuti matanho akafanana emitengo yekabhoni ari kukurukurwa anosanganisira muUS neCanada.

WTO inoenderana here?

Brazil, South Africa, India, neChina dzakatoratidza “kunetsekana kukuru” kuti CBAM inogona kuita rusarura rusarurama pakutengwa kwezvigadzirwa zvavo kunze kwenyika. Aimbova Mutongi Mukuru weWTO James Bacchus achinyora mu blog yeWorld Economic Forum yakanyora kuti: “Kuratidza kuti CBAM ine kodzero yezvisizvo zveWTO, European Commission inofanira kuona kuti 'haizoshandiswa nenzira inoumba nzira yerusarura rusina tsarukano kana rwusina chikonzero pakati penyika dzine mamiriro akafanana anotonga'. Uye nekuwedzera, kuti haisi 'kurambidzwa kwakavanzika pakutengeserana kwenyika'.

Kuitira kuvimbisa nyika dzisiri dzeEU, Bacchus anoratidza kuti inopinda munhaurirano nevose vane chekuita, chikumbiro cheKomisheni chinosanganisirawo mukana werutsigiro rwemari nenzira yerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kubatsira nyika dzichiri kusimukira kuti dzijairane nezvisungo zvitsva.

Own resource?

Homwe yeEU yeNext Generation EU inobvumidza EU kukwereta €750 bhiriyoni kubva kumisika yemari ichatsigirwa nezviwanikwa zvitsva. CBAM yakanyorwa seimwe yezvitsva zvekuwana mari, zvisinei inofungidzirwa kuti ichaita mupiro mudiki paE10bn chete mumari panosvika 2030 uye 20% chete yeizvi ichaenda kuEU. EU Mutori wenhau akumbira kujekeswa panhamba idzi uye achiri kumirira mhinduro.

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