Dhiabhorosi ari mune zvakadzama: Nei Europe ichida yakazara zvipfuyo zano

Europe yakabudirira kudzora hosha zhinji dzezvipfuyo mumakore apfuura, bva tyisidziro yehosha dzemhuka haisati yatongopera zvamazvirokwazvo. Muna 2023, kondinendi yakaona kubuda kwehutachiona hwebluetongue iyo yakadhura Netherlands chete inofungidzirwa kuti mazana maviri emamiriyoni emadhora. Pakutanga gore rino, Germany yakasangana netsoka nemuromo kubuda kweanopfuura makumi matatu emakore, zvichikonzera kurambidzwa kwenyama yeGerman uye mukaka kunze kwenyika, anonyora Pierre Sultana, director wezveruzhinji weAnimalhealthEurope, sangano rehutano hwemhuka muEurope.

Izvo zvakasimbiswa nedenda richangoburwa uku kutyisidzira kwekusingaperi kwechirwere chemhuka kune chengetedzo yezvekudya, hutano, uye hurongwa hwehupfumi mukondinendi yese. Zvinokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kuvarimi vezvipfuyo, zvinopa njodzi kuutano hwevanhu, uye kukanganisa kuwanikwa kwechikafu. Zvichida zvakanyanya kukosha, njodzi yezvirwere izvi inofungidzirwa kukura. Tora hutachiona hwebluetongue, semuenzaniso. Chirwere ichi chinowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa asi chakatanga kutamira kuEurope kuma1990 chikaenda kuchamhembe mumakore gumi apfuura nekuda kwekukwira kwekushisa, zvichibvumira hutachiona hunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze anodziya kuti hubudirire muEurope yose.

Uyezve, nguva yechando ipfupi, isina kunyorova iyo kondinendi yanga ichipinda nayo yabvumira nguva refu yekutapurira utachiona. Mhando dzekuchinja idzi dzinogona kuonekwa mune zvimwe zvirwere zvezvipfuyo zvakare. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kuvandudza hutano hwemhuka kwakakosha pakuve neramangwana rine hutano, rakasimba rechikamu chezvipfuyo uye kune vese vekuEurope. Sezvo nhaurirano dziri kuenderera mberi pamusoro peEU Animal Health Law uye basa richitanga paSustainable Livestock Strategy, matanho akasimba ekuvandudza hutano hwemhuka anofanira kunge ari pakati. Izvi zvekutanga zvinoreva kuunza chikamu chehutano hwemhuka patafura kuburikidza nekubvumira nhaurirano yenguva dzose uye inovaka nevakuru vezvokuchengetedza mhuka.

Sezvazvakamira pari zvino, chikamu ichi hachishandiswe zvishoma sechombo chekusimudzira zvakanyanya. Matanho anonyanya kuumbwa nemisimboti nemaitiro akagovaniswa, asi anoshaya matanho akasimba anodiwa. Izvi zvinoratidzira hombe yebofu munzvimbo inogona kuitika. Nyanzvi dzehutano hwemhuka dzinogona kupa aya matanho anogona kuvandudza hutano hwemhuka izvo zvinozopedzisira zvabatsira muEurope yese. Semuenzaniso, kuisa mari muzvishandiso zvekudzivirira kunobvumira hurumende kudzikamisa njodzi dzisati dzava matambudziko akazara. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvandudza majekiseni, kufambisira mberi kwekuongorora zvirwere uye masisitimu ekuyambira, uye kuita kuvandudzwa kwebiosecurity uye maitiro ekudzivirira purazi. Kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere kwakakosha mukuderedza kuburitswa kwezvipfuyo nekuti kurasikirwa kushoma kunoreva kushomeka kwezviwanikwa uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvishoma zvinodikanwa kuita mutsauko.

Inopindurawo kune zvinonetsa munharaunda pamusoro pekudzingwa kwemhuka uye kushandiswa kwemari yeruzhinji kuripa varimi nekuda kwekurasikirwa uku. Uye kuderedza huwandu hwechirwere kunobatsirawo kugadzirisa zvinonetsa zvakatenderedza antimicrobial resistance (AMR), izvo zvinokanganisa hutano hwevanhu nemhuka mukondinendi yese. AMR inoitika apo tupukanana tusingachapinduri kumishonga inorwisa utachiona. Nepo izvi zvichigona kuitika zvega, zvinokwidziridzwa nekusashandiswa zvakanaka kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona mumishonga yevanhu neyemhuka. Tinoonga, kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona mumhuka kwakadzikira 53 muzana muEU kubvira 2011. Kuderera uku kwakaitika zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekushandiswa kwemishonga yekudzivirira iyo inoderedza kudiwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pakutanga. Uyezve, kutsigira kupfuya kwakavandudzwa kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze echikamu.

Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongororwa kwegenomic kutsigira varimi mukuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo pamusoro pekusarudza mhando dzemhando dzakadai sekurwisa zvirwere, kuderedzwa kwehutsi, uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze. MuNew Zealand, semuenzaniso, hurumende yanga ichishanda nevaongorori kuti vapfure mhuka dzine hunyanzvi hwekuita sehwai, idzo dzakaburitsa zvikamu gumi nezviviri kubva muzana zvemethane yakaderera pane dzechinyakare. Nezvipfuyo zvinodarika 12 miriyoni muEurope, kusanganisira nzira itsva dzekupfuya mombe dzakadai sedziri muSustainable Livestock Strategy zvinogona kuita kuti pave nekukanganisa kukuru kwehutsi hwekondinendi.

Zvirwere zvekudzivirira uye nzira dzekurera dzinoenda kure kure mukuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwezvipfuyo kubva pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza, asi ivo vari pakati pekuvandudza hutano hwemhuka uye hupfumi hwemapurazi. Semuyenzaniso, matekinoroji matsva akadai semasensor anoshandiswa kuona kurumwa kwemhou anogona kuona hosha kunge mazuva mashanu zviratidzo zvechirwere zvisati zvaitika. Zvichakadaro, matekinoroji ekufembera ekuzvara mhuru anopa chenjedzo kubva pamaawa matanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri pamberi pekuzvara, kuderedza kufa kwemhuru, uye michina yekudyisa otomatiki inogona kuverenga maparamendi anoshandiswa kuona chirwere chekufema mumhuru zvine hunyoro hwepamusoro zuva rimwechete risati raonekwa nekiriniki. Saka kubatanidza marongero pamatanho ekudzivirira, kushandisa tekinoroji nyowani, uye nekunatsiridza kupfuya, kunogona kupa mabhenefiti makuru kuvanhu nemhuka.

EU ndeimwe yemasangano makuru ekutengeserana pasi rose, uye vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mashanu vanovimba nevanogadzirisa mitemo kuti vavadzivirire kubva kumatambudziko ehupfumi nehutano. Kondinendi, saka, haigone kuwana nzira yekungoita yehutano hwemhuka nekudzivirira zvirwere, kunyanya sezvo hosha dzemhuka dzichienderera mberi kunyangwe matanho agara aripo. Urongwa hweEU-hwakawanda hunoda zvinopfuura kungogovana misimboti uye maitiro. Inoda mitemo inobatika nemaitiro akanakisa kuti ishande, ichivharira cheni yakazara yezvipfuyo. Pasina kuita kwakasimba uye kwakabatana, kubuda kukuru kunotevera hakusi mubvunzo wekuti "kana" asi "rini" - uye Europe haigone kuve isina kugadzirira "Chirwere X".

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