Magasi ane fluorinated uye ozone-depleting zvinhu: Kanzuru inovhenekera mitemo mitsva kuderedza zvinokuvadza zvinobuda.

European Council yatora mirau miviri yekumisa magasi ane fluorinated (F-gases) nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera kudziya kwepasi uye kupedza ozone layer. Nepo mutemo uripo weEU wakatodzikamisa kushandiswa kwemagasi uye zvinhu zvakanyanya, mitemo mitsva ichawedzera kuderedza kuburitsa kwavo mumhepo uye kubatsira mukudzikamisa kukwira kwekushisa kwepasirese, zvinoenderana neChibvumirano cheParis.

"Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvatinoshandisa muhupenyu hwemazuva ese, semafiriji nemhepo, zvinotsamira pazvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya izvo zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Mitemo mitsva yatakaisa inoisa zvirambidzo zvakajeka uye zvirambidzo pazvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakadaro, uku ichikurudzira kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvinogoneka. dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu. Chikwereti chinoenda kuvatangiri vedu vekuCzech, Swedish, neSpanish nebasa rinokosha ravakaita pamutemo unokosha uyu, kuitira kuti EU iswedere kusvika pakuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo zvemamiriro ekunze."
Alain Maron, gurukota reHurumende yeBrussels-Capital Region, inotarisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, nharaunda, simba uye demokrasi inobatanidzwa.

Fluorinated magasi
Pasi pemitemo mitsva, kushandiswa kwehydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kuchapedzwa zvachose ne 2050. Kune rumwe rutivi, kugadzirwa kweHFC, maererano nekodzero dzekugadzira dzakagoverwa neKomisheni kuti dzigadzire HFCs, dzichaderedzwa kusvika zvishoma. (15%) kubva muna 2036. Zvose kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa zvichaderedzwa pasi pamusana pechirongwa chakasimba chine degressive quota allocation (Annexes V uye VII).

Chinyorwa chinozivisa kurambidzwa kuzere kwekuisa zvigadzirwa nemidziyo ine maHFC pamusika wezvikamu zvakati wandei izvo zvinogoneka kwetekinoroji uye mune zvehupfumi kuchinjira kune dzimwe nzira dzeF-gasi, kusanganisira mamwe mafiriji epamba, chiller, furo uye aerosols. Inoisa zvakare misi yakatarwa yechikamu chakazara-kunze kwekushandiswa kweF-gasi mumhepo yekumisikidza, kupisa pombi uye switchgears:

2032 yemapombi madiki emonoblock heat uye air conditioning (<12kW) 2035 yekupatsanura mhepo yekumisikidza uye pombi dzekupisa, ine mazuva ekutanga emamwe marudzi ekupatsanura masisitimu ane kudziya kwepasirese kunogona kuitika 2030 yepakati-voltage switchgears (kusvika uye kusanganisira 52 kV) kuvimba neF-magasi 2032 kune akakwira-voltage switchgears (> 52kV)
Mamiriro nemhedzisiro yemutemo uyu, kusanganisira kuongorora kuvepo kwezvinodhura, zvinogoneka uye zvinogoneka zvinogoneka dzimwe nzira dzekutsiva F-gasi, zvichaongororwa neKomisheni pasati papfuura 1 Ndira 2030. Pakazosvika 2040 Komisheni ichaitawo. anofanirwa kuongorora kugona kwegore ra2050 rekubuda kwechikamu chekushandiswa kweHFC uye kudiwa kwemaHFC muzvikamu zvaachiri kushandiswa, tichitarisa kusimukira kwehunyanzvi uye kuwanikwa kwedzimwe nzira dzeHFC dzezvikumbiro zviri kutaurwa.

Ozone inopedza zvinhu
Iwo mutemo unorambidza maODS kunenge kushandiswa kwese, nekusabvumirwa kwakaganhurirwa.

Iwo mameseji anosanganisira kuregererwa kwekushandiswa kweODSs se feedstock kugadzira zvimwe zvinhu. Komisheni ichapihwa basa rekugara richivandudza runyorwa rweODSs iyo kushandiswa kwayo sechikafu chinorambidzwa. Chinyorwa chinobvumirawo kushandiswa kweODS pasi pemamiriro akasimba sevamiriri vezvekuita, mumarabhoritari uye nekudzivirira moto mune zvakakosha zvikumbiro senge midziyo yemauto nendege.

Mutemo uyu unowedzera zvinodiwa kudzoreredza maODS ekuparadza, kudzokorodza kana kudzoreredza kuvhara zvikamu zvakadai semidziyo yekuvakisa (mafuro ekuputira), firiji, air conditioning uye kupisa pombi yemidziyo, midziyo ine zvinonyungudutsa kana masisitimu ekudzivirira moto uye zvekudzimisa moto nemimwe midziyo, kana. zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi zvinogoneka.

Matanho anotevera
Vhoti neKanzuru inovhara nzira yekugamuchira mwana. Mitemo miviri iyi zvino ichasainwa neKanzuru neParamende yeEuropean. Vachazoburitswa muEU's Official Journal uye vopinda musimba mazuva makumi maviri gare gare.

kumashure
Fluorinated greenhouse magasi (F-gases) akadai sehydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) uye sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) ari mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvinosanganisira mafiriji, air conditioning nemishonga. Iwo anoshandiswawo mumapombi ekupisa uye switchgear zvishandiso mumagetsi emagetsi masisitimu. Mhedzisiro yeF-gasi pakudziya kwepasi rose inosvika mazana ezviuru zvakapetwa kakapetwa simba pane iyo CO2. Nhasi kuburitswa kweF-gasi kunomiririra 2.5% yeEU yakazara GHG, asi mukupesana nekumwe kuburitswa kweGHG kwakapetwa kaviri pakati pa1990 na2014.

Ozone depleting substances (ODSs), kune rumwe rutivi, makemikari anogadzirwa nevanhu anogadzira gomba mune inodzivirira ozone layer, iyo inotora cancer inokonzera cancer ultraviolet (UV) mwaranzi kubva kuzuva uye inoderedza huwandu hwese hwemwaranzi yeUV inosvika Pamusoro penyika.

Mapato ese ari maviri akatodzorwa padanho reEU kuburikidza ne2014 F-gasi regulation uye 2009 Ozone regulation zvichiteerana, kuitira kuzadzisa zvisungo pasi peMontreal protocol (1987) uye yakabatana Kigali Amendment (2019).

Kuti zvienderane zvirinani nezvinangwa zvakatarwa neEuropean Green Deal uyezve kucheka kuburitswa kwezvinhu izvi zvinokuvadza, musi wa5 Kubvumbi 2022 Komisheni yakagamuchira zvirevo zvemutemo paF-gasi uye mutemo weODS. Paramende yakagamuchira chimiro chayo pamusoro pezvikumbiro musi wa 30 Kurume 2023, uye Kanzuru yakasvika kune imwe nzira musi wa5 Kubvumbi 2023. Zvichitevera nhaurirano dzepakati, vatongi vemitemo vakaita chibvumirano chenguva pamirau miviri pa5 Gumiguru 2023, iyo yakatenderwa naCoreper. uye komiti yeENVI mumwedzi mumwe chete. Paramende yakatora chinzvimbo chayo zviri pamutemo musi wa16 Ndira 2024.

Mufananidzo ne Chris LeBoutillier on Unsplash

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: