Carbon kutora uye kuchengetedza mapurojekiti muEurope yese

Europe yakaona kuwedzera kwekuedza kubvisa carbon dioxide (CO2) nekuichengeta pasi pevhu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehurumende uye maindasitiri ari kuyedza kudzikisa hutsi hwavo kuti vazadzise zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze.

Carbon capture and Storage (CCS) tekinoroji inzira yekutora CO2 kubva mumhepo nekuichengeta pasi pevhu. Iyo CO2 yakabatwa inogona kushandiswa mune akasiyana maindasitiri ekushandisa.

Sekureva kweInternational Association of Oil and Gas Producers, kune angangoita 70 CCS mapurojekiti ari kuitika kana kurongwa muEurope. Aya angori mashoma emapurojekiti ari kuvandudzwa pari zvino:

SANGANO YENYAYA

NOWEYI

* Maodzanyemba Mwenje mubatanidzwa pakati peEquinor, TotalEnergies, Shell uye TotalEnergies. Ichatanga kupinza 1.5 miriyoni tonnes CO2 pagore (mtpa), kupinda saline mvura aquifer pedyo Troll gasi munda pakati 2024. Sezvinenge zvinodiwa, pane zvirongwa kuwedzera kuchengetedza simba ne 5-6 mtpa kutanga muna 2026.

Equinor's project Smeaheia yekuvaka North Sea yekuchengetera saiti ine mukana wekubaya inosvika makumi maviri mtpa kutanga muna 20/2027. Equinor akapiwa rezinesi rekuongorora muna 2028. Yakataura kuti inoronga kupinza CO2022 kubva mukugadzirwa kwehydrogen uye vamwe vatengi veindasitiri muEurope. Sarudzo yekupedzisira yekudyara inotarisirwa kuitwa nekambani muna 2.

* Luna ipurojekiti yakaitwa neGerman Wintershall Dea [RIC.RIC.WINT.UL], ine chinangwa chekuchengeta matani anosvika 5 miriyoni pagore reCO2 pane saiti 120km kumadokero kubva Bergen. Muna Gumiguru, Wintershall Dea akapihwa rezenisi rekuongorora pamwe chete nemumwe wake wekuNorway Cape Omega. Wintershall Dea inobata 60% yerezinesi, ukuwo Cape Omega yekuNorway inobata makumi mana muzana asara.

* Errai ipurojekiti yakabatana yeNeptune Energy muBritain neNorway Horisont Energi. Inovavarira kuvaka nzvimbo yekuchengetera yeNorth Sea ine 4-8 mtpa uye yekugamuchira terminal. Rezinesi rinofanirwa kunyorerwa nevanodyidzana.

BRITAIN

* Acorn CCS ipurojekiti kubva kuScotland iyo ichagadzira nzvimbo yekuchengetera ine huwandu hwe5-10 miriyoni matani pagore reCO2 kusvika 2030. Storegga Shell, Harbour Energy neNorth Sea Midstream Partners (NSMP), yega yega 30% ye stakes. Iyo 10% yasara inobatwa neNorth Sea Midstream Partners.

* Viking CCS ipurojekiti yaimbozivikanwa seV Net Zero. Yakatungamirwa neHarbour Energy, kambani yakazvimirira yemafuta uye gasi. Chinangwa ndechekuchengeta 10 mtpa CO2 muNorth Sea gas minda yakapera panosvika 2030. Ichatanga kubaya CO2 pamwero wekutanga we2 mtpa.

* Northern Endurance mubatanidzwa unotungamirwa neBP. Chinangwa chekuvaka zvivakwa zvekutakura uye kuchengetedza ingangoita 20 mtpa CO2 kubva kune maviri maindasitiri masumbu muTeesside, uye Humberside kutanga muna 2030. Iyo purojekiti ichatakura CO2 nemapaipi, kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza imwe 145km kumahombekombe kuchamhembe kweNorth Sea. Chirongwa ichi chinewo vamwe vabatsiri, kusanganisira National Grid (NG.L.), Equinor Shell, TotalEnergies, uye Shell.

NETHARENZI

* Porthos ipurojekiti yechiteshi chengarava cheRotterdam neGasunie. Chinangwa chekuchengetedza matani 2.5 miriyoni eCO2 munzvimbo dzeNorth Sea dzakapera gasi. Vana maindasitiri vanodyidzana vakatoita chibvumirano chese chekuchengetedza: Mhepo Liquide, Mhepo Zvigadzirwa, Shell (XOM.N) uye Shell. Kunyangwe chirongwa ichi chaifanira kutanga majekiseni eCO2 pakati pa2024-2025, zvingangoita kuti kutanga kunonoke. zvipingamupinyi zvepamutemo.

* L10, chirongwa cheNeptune Energy chekuchengeta 4-5 mamiriyoni ematani eCO2 muDutch North Sea yakapera gasi munda, majekiseni ekutanga kutanga muna 2026. Rosewood Exploration, ExxonMobil uye EBN yehurumende vanobatanawo mubasa iri.

DHENIMAKI

* Greensand ipurojekiti yeINEOS Energy uye Wintershall Dea. Inoronga kupinza kusvika 1.5 mtpa CO2 mumafuta uye gasi minda yakapera muDanish North Sea chikamu. Izvi zvichateverwa nekuwedzera kwe8 mtpa kugona panosvika 2030.

TotalEnergies iri kutungamira chirongwa cheBifrost. Inotarisira kubaya zvinosvika 3 mtpa CO2 munzvimbo yemafuta negesi iyo yakapera muDanish North Sea chikamu kutanga muna 2027. Orsted (ORSTED.CO), iyo ine mapombi ekumahombekombe, inobatanidzwawo muchirongwa ichi. Pamwe, Bifrost inogonawo kuongororwa kuti ibaye jekiseni rinosvika miriyoni gumi mtpa panosvika 10.

JERIMANI

*Wilhelmshaven's CO2 kutumira kunze terminal. Chirongwa ichi chaitungamirwa neWintershall Dea. Chinangwa chekuvaka CO2 yekuchengetedza uye liquefaction nzvimbo paWilhelmshaven. Iyo CO2 inogona kutumirwa kuenda kana kupinzwa kunzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvachose pasi peNorth Sea. Chinangwa chekutanga kubata ingangoita 1 mtpa CO2 kutanga muna 2026.

ZVIMWE ZVINHU ZVINOGONESA

BRITAIN

*North West Project ine chinangwa chekushandura gasi uye gasi remafuta kubva kuStanlow refinery, Cheshire kuita yakaderera-carbon hydrocarbon hydrogen. Ichatora uye kuendesa iyo CO2 inogadzirwa nemaitiro kuburikidza nemapombi kuenda kunze-kumahombekombe kuchengetedza muLiverpool Bay. Sekuchengetedza, mapako emunyu aripo kubva kuCheshire achashandiswa. Basa richatanga muna 2025. Richachengeta matani anosvika mamiriyoni mana nemazana mashanu eCO4.5 pagore, richikwira kusvika pamamiriyoni gumi panosvika 2.

BHARUGERIYA

* ANRAV ikambani yakazvimiririra yeIrish yemagetsi Petroceltic iyo ichabatanidza CO2 yekutora michina kuHeidelbergCement's (HEIG.DE), Devnya simende inodyara kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweBulgaria uye yekune dzimwe nyika kuchengetedza zvachose muGalata yakapera Black Sea Gas Field. Inotarisirwa kutanga kushanda muna 2028 uye ichagadzira 800,000 tonnes pagore.

FURANZI

* PYCASSO ipurojekiti inotora kabhoni kubva kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kweFrance nekuchamhembe kweSpain, uye inoichengeta munzvimbo yeAquitaine yakapera gasi. Zvinotarisirwa kuti purojekiti ichatakura ingangoita 1 mtpa CO2 panosvika 2030.

AISIRENDI

* Coda Terminal inzvimbo yekuyambuka-muganho kabhoni yekuchengetedza uye hubhu yekufambisa muStraumsvik. Ichashandiswa neCarbfix, kambani yeIcelandic kabhoni yekuchengetedza. Iyo terminal inogashira CO2 kubva kumakambani eindasitiri uye yoinyungudutsa mumvura isati yaiswa mudombo rebasalt. Izvi zvichabvumira kugadzirwa kwematani anosvika mamirioni matatu pagore eCO3 kutanga muna 2.

* Silverstone Project, yakarongeka uye inotungamirirwa neCarbfix ichashandisa chiyero chekutengesa CO2 kubatwa, kuinyungudutsa mumvura, kuipinza pasi pevhu basalt rock kuti ichengeterwe kuchengetedza mineral paHellisheidi geothermal power plant, pedyo neMount Hengill. Silverstone ichachengeta angangoita 25.000 matani ecarbon dioxide pagore. Zvinotarisirwa kuti ichave ichishanda mukota yekutanga 2025.

ITARI

* CCS Ravenna hub, inotungamirwa naEni (ENI.MI.), ipurojekiti ine chinangwa chekutora uye kutakura CO2 kuenda kumahombekombe egungwa akapera gasi remvura pamhenderekedzo yeRavenna, muGungwa reAdriatic. Chikamu chekutanga chepurojekiti chinotarisirwa kupedzwa muna 2023. Kutorwa kwese, kutakura, uye cheni yekuchengetedza inogona kubata CO2 kusvika ku100,000 mt/a.

AYARENDI

* Cork CCS Project inochengetedza kabhoni kubva kuIrish maindasitiri nzvimbo munzvimbo yakapera gasfield muGungwa reCeltic. Inogona zvakare kushandisa zvakare pombi yekufambisa iripo. Utility Ervia ndiye mutungamiri wepurojekiti.

SIWIDHENI

* Slite CCS ipurojekiti yeCCS inotungamirwa neHeidelbergCement, inotsigira yeSweden Cementa uye simende yayo yeSlite, pachitsuwa cheSweden Gotland muGungwa reBaltic. Ichatora chikamu chinosvika 3% chezvese zvinoburitswa munyika zveCO2 pamatani miriyoni 1.8 pagore.

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