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Kuderedza kuburitsa kabhoni: zvinangwa zveEU uye zviyero 

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4 makore apfuura

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Isu tinoshandisa kusaina kwako kukupa zvirimo munzira dzawakabvumira uye kuvandudza manzwisisiro edu pamusoro pako. Unogona kuzvibvisa chero nguva.

Verenga matanho ari kutorwa neEuropean Union kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni sechikamu cheFit yemakumi mashanu neshanu muna 55 pasuru.

Zvinangwa zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze eEU

To gadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, Dare reParamende reEuropean rakatambira Mutemo weEuropean Climate Law, uyo unosimudza tarisiro yekuderedza kuburitswa kweEU muna 2030 kusvika pa55% kubva pa40% uye inoita kuti kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze panosvika 2050 kuve kusungirwa zviri pamutemo.

Mutemo weClimate chikamu che European Green Deal, mepu yemugwagwa yeEU yakananga kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuti isvike pachinangwa chayo chemamiriro ekunze, European Union yauya nemutemo unoshuvira unozivikanwa se Inokodzera 55 muna 2030. Inosanganisira 13 yakabatana yakadzokororwa mitemo uye mitanhatu yakarongwa mitemo yemamiriro ekunze uye simba.

Tarisa uone iyi infographic yekufambira mberi kweEU kune zvinangwa zvayo zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

An Emissions Trading System yeindasitiri

EU's Emissions Trading System (ETS) ine chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni muindasitiri nekumanikidza makambani kuti abate mvumo kune imwe neimwe toni ye CO2 vanobudisa. Makambani anofanirwa kuzvitenga kuburikidza nemaokisheni. Pane zvimwe zvinokurudzira kusimudzira hunyanzvi muchikamu.

Iyo European Emissions Trading System ndiyo yekutanga musika mukuru wekabhoni pasi rose uye inoramba iri iyo yakakura. Inotonga pamusoro 40% yeEU yakazara greenhouse gas emissions uye inovhara anenge zviuru gumi zviteshi zvemagetsi uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira muEU. Kuenzanisa ETS nezvinangwa zvekudzikisa emission yeEuropean Green Deal, EU iri kushanda pakuvandudza chirongwa. Paramende inoda kuti hutsi muzvikamu zveETS hudzike 10,000% panosvika 63, kubva kumatanho a2030, zvichienzaniswa nechikumbiro cheEuropean Commission che2005%.

Tsvaga zvimwe nezve kuti sei iyo EU's Emissions Trading System inoshanda uye kuti iri kugadziriswa sei parizvino.

Kucheka kuburitsa kubva mukutakura

Emissions kubva mundege nezvikepe

Civil aviation inotora 13,4% yehuwandu hweCO2 emissions kubva kuEU transport. Musi wa8 Chikumi 2022, Paramende yakatsigira kudzokororwa kweETS kuti kufamba nendege kushande kundege dzese dzinobva kuEuropean Economic Area - iyo inoumbwa neEU pamwe neIceland, Liechtenstein neNorway - kusanganisira idzo dzinomhara kunze kwenzvimbo.

MEPs vanoda kushandiswa mafuta ekubikisa, mafuta ekugadzira kana kunyange hydrogen kuti zvishoma nezvishoma ive tsika yemafuta ekufambisa ndege. Vanoda kuti vatengesi vatange kuendesa mafuta akasimba kubva muna 2025, anosvika makumi masere neshanu muzana emafuta ese endege muEU airport panosvika 85.

Paramende inodawo kukurumidzira decarbonisation yeindasitiri nekuwedzera iyo ETS kune zvifambiso zvemugungwa.

Zvimwe pamusoro EU matanho ekucheka kuburitsa kubva mundege uye ngarava.

Motokari dzinobudisa mhepo

Mota nemavhani zvinoburitsa 15% yeEU's CO2 emissions. Paramende vakatsigira chikumbiro cheKomisheni ye zero emissions yemotokari nemavan panosvika 2035. Zvinangwa zvekuderedza kusvibiswa kwepakati muna 2030 zvaizoiswa pa55% yemota uye 50% yemavan.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezve itsva CO2 zvinangwa zvemotokari.

Paramende yakabvuma kuunzwa kwemitengo yekabhoni yekufambisa mumigwagwa nekudziya, inowanzonzi ETS II. MEPs vanoda kuti mabhizinesi abhadhare mutengo wekabhoni pane zvigadzirwa zvakaita semafuta kana kupisa mafuta, nepo vatengi venguva dzose vaizoregererwa kusvika 2029.

Mitengo yeCarbon pazvinhu zvinobva kunze kwenyika

Kabhoni muganho wekugadzirisa kabhoni waizokurudzira makambani ari mukati nekunze kweEU kuti aite decarbonise, nekuisa mutengo wekabhoni pane zvinounzwa kunze kwenyika zvimwe zvinhu kana zvichibva kunyika dzine mitemo ine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze. Inoitirwa kudzivirira kubuda kwekabhoni, inova apo maindasitiri anofambisa kugadzirwa kune nyika dzine mitemo isina kusimba yekuburitsa gasi regreenhouse.

Sechikamu cheFit for 55 package, European Commission yakurudzira Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) muna Chikunguru 2021, iyo yaizoisa mutero wekabhoni pakutenga kunze kwezvimwe zvinhu kubva kunze kweEU. MEPs vanoda kuti ishandiswe kubva muna Ndira 1, 2023, paine nguva yekuchinja kusvika pakupera kwa2026 uye kuita zvizere panosvika 2032.

Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro kudzivirira kubuda kwekabhoni.

Kugadzirisa kuburitsa kabhoni kubva kune mamwe masekete

Masekita asina kuvharwa neazvino Emissions Trading System - sekutakura, zvivakwa zvekurima uye manejimendi emarara - zvichiri kuverengera inenge 60% yeEU yose inobuda. Komisheni yakakurudzira kuburitswa kubva muzvikamu izvi kunofanirwa kuve kuderedza 40% ne2030 zvichienzaniswa ne2005.

Izvi zvichaitwa nekubvumirana zvinonangwa nenyika muhurongwa hwekugovana. Izvo zvinonangwa zvekuburitsa nyika zvinoverengerwa zvichibva pamari yakawandisa yenyika pamunhu. Nyika dzeEU dzine mari yakaderera dzichapihwa rutsigiro.

Pasi peFit ye55, zvivakwa uye zvifambiso zvemumugwagwa zvichafukidzwa pasi pezvese zviri zviviri kuedza kugovana mutemo uye itsva ETS.

Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro Zvinangwa zvekuderedza kuburitswa kwedzimwe nyika dzeEU.

Kutarisira masango ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze

EU masango anotora zvakaenzana ne inoda kusvika 7% yehuwandu hweEU greenhouse gas emissions gore negore. EU inoda kushandisa simba iri kurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Musi wa8 Chikumi 2022, Paramende yakatora chinzvimbo chayo pamutemo wakarongwa wekudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse uye kugadzirisa masingi ekabhoni mukushandiswa kwevhu, shanduko yekushandiswa kwevhu nemasango. Mapazi aya anobata kushandiswa kwevhu, miti, zvirimwa, biomass nematanda.

MEPs dzakatsigira kuwedzera tarisiro yekunyura kwekabhoni mukushandiswa kwevhu, shanduko yekushandiswa kwevhu uye zvikamu zvemasango, izvo zvaizotungamira kudzikiswa kwakakura kwekubuda kweEU pane 55% chinangwa chakatarwa 2030.

Check out kwedu infographic pamusoro pemashandisiro anoita EU masango kugadzirisa kabhoni.

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