Basa rakakosha rinoitwa nekabhoni muripo mukuchinjira kunharaunda isina kabhoni

Kabhoni kiredhiti chitupa chinomiririra metric toni imwe chete yecarbon dioxide yakaenzana iyo inogona kudzivirirwa kubva mukuburitswa mumhepo (kudzivisa kuburitsa / kuderedza) kana kubviswa mumhepo. Kuti purojekiti yekudzora kabhoni igadzire kabhoni kiredhiti, inoda kuratidza kuti iyo yakawana kudzikiswa kwekuburitsa kana kubviswa kwekabhoni dioxide ndeyechokwadi, inoyerwa, isingaperi, yekuwedzera, yakazvimiririra yakasimbiswa, uye yakasarudzika, nyora Tiago Alves naSilvia Andrade veReflora Initiative, Portugal.

Kuzvidira carbon offsets kunogonesa avo vari muzvikamu zvisina kudzorwa kana nyika kuti dzibvise huturu hwavo nekutenga aya makabhoni. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoshanda kune avo vamiririri vasiri pasi pemutemo wepamutemo, zvichibvumira mukana wekutora chikamu kwakafara. Nekudaro, Voluntary carbon offsets ine basa rakakosha mukubudirira kweakasiyana epasi rose kuedza kuwana net-zero emissions sezvo ichisanganisira vakasiyana vatori vechikamu kuburikidza nekuitwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemapurojekiti. Mari inowanikwa kubva mukutengeswa kwemakabhoni ekuzvipira inogonesa kuvandudzwa kwemapurojekiti ekudzikisa kabhoni mukati memhando dzakasiyana dzeprojekiti. Izvi zvinosanganisira simba rinogoneka, kudzivirira kuburitsa kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzemafuta-yakavakirwa, zvigadziriso zvemamiriro ekunze, sekutedzazve masango, kudzivirira kutemwa kwemasango, kushanda nesimba, uye kudzoreredza zviwanikwa, sekudzivisa kuburitswa kwemethane kubva kumarara kana nzvimbo dzemvura, pakati pezvimwe.

Nhasi inomiririra musika une simba unoshamisa unogona kuve chikamu chemhinduro kudambudziko remamiriro ekunze nekuda kwehupfumi hwavo uye nharaunda. Sekureva kwekambani yechiPutukezi Reflora Initiative kubudirira kwemisika yekabhoni kunoenderana nekuvimbisa mhando yemapurojekiti ekabhoni nekuyera mabhenefiti anounzwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kabhoni yega yega inotengeswa inounza mhedzisiro chaiyo. Kunyanya kumisika yekabhoni yekuzvidira, iyi sisitimu inoitawo kuti makambani awane ruzivo nekabhoni inventories, kuderedza emissions, uye kabhoni misika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyi nzira inogona kufambisa ramangwana kutora chikamu mune inodzorwa system.

Kunyangwe zvakakosha basa rine misika yekabhoni yekuzvidira mukubatsira mukuedza kwepasirese kuwana net-zero emissions, zvakakoshawo kumisa pasi pemitemo iyi nzira inofanira kushanda. Semuyenzaniso, Sainzi-Based Targets inopokana kuti zvinangwa zvemakambani net-zero zvinoda kwenguva yakareba decarbonization targets ye90-95% pane zvese scopes before 2050. Vanopokana zvakare kuti kana kambani yasvika payo net-zero target, chete huwandu hushoma hwakasara hwekuburitsa hunogona kuderedzwa nekubviswa kwemhando yepamusoro kabhoni, izvi hazvingapfuuri 5-10%. Naizvozvo, pasi petsananguro yekuburitsa-net-zero emissions yakagadzirwa neSBT, iyo yekuzvidira kabhoni inobvisa inofanira kuiswa kune huwandu hwekusarira kuburitswa kwekambani yega yega.

Kune rimwe divi, kune zvakare kumwe kufambira mberi kwakabatana nechinyorwa 6 icho chiri chikamu cheParis Agreement. Mushure memakore mashanu enhaurirano, hurumende dzepasi rose dzakagadzirisa mitemo yemusika wepasi rose wecarbon. Vanotaurirana vakabvumirana kudzivisa kuverengerwa kaviri kuitira kudzivirira kuti nyika dzinopfuura imwe dzitore kudzikiswa kwehutsi hwakafanana nekuverengera kuzvibvumirano zvavo zvemamiriro ekunze. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvakakosha kuita kufambira mberi kwechokwadi mukuderedza kuburitswa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyi dhizaini zvakare chishandiso chinogoneka chekuita net-zero mhiko mumakambani.

Pamusoro pemisika yeVoluntary kabhoni, kune zvakare Misika Yekuteerera iyo inogadzirwa uye inodzorwa neinosungirwa yedunhu, yenyika, uye yepasirese yekuderedza kabhoni, seKyoto Protocol uye European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme. Mumwe nemumwe wevatori vechikamu mukati mecap-and-trade system (kazhinji nyika, matunhu, kana maindasitiri) anopihwa imwe nhamba yemvumo zvichibva pane chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitswa. Izvi zvibvumirano hazvisati zvagadzirwa kana kubviswa, asi zvinongotengeswa pakati pevatori vechikamu.

Tichifunga nezve hurongwa hwekutonga iyo cap-and-trade system ine, maitiro ayo anokanganiswa nekupararira kwepolicy. Imwe yemisiyano mikuru nemusika wekuzvidira kabhoni ndeyekuti musika uyu haudi kuparadzirwa kwepolicy. Naizvozvo, makambani anogona kuita zvibodzwa zvavo zvemamiriro ekunze nekukurumidza sezvo vasingaenderane nehurongwa hwekuteerera uku. Zvakare, zvinofungidzirwa kuti iyi chaiyo dhizaini nekuve necap-uye-trade system inogona kudzikisira kuburitsa kunogona kudzikiswa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kusimukira kwemusika wecarbon.

Pamusoro pezvo, hurongwa hwekutevedzera hune nzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nenyika imwe neimwe. Semuyenzaniso, masisitimu ari muSouth Korea neTokyo anomira seayo ega ane macaps echikamu. Mamwe masisitimu anoita seanovimba zvakanyanya nekutengesa emissions kuti awane kudzikiswa. Mamwe masisitimu anosanganisira akasununguka mareferensi ekubatsira mukuderedzwa kwese kweGHG emissions muchinangwa chekutonga. Mukupesana, Voluntary kabhoni makiredhiti anewo basa rakakosha mukuita democratise muripo wekabhoni sezvo chero kambani kana munhu nekuzvidira anogona kubhadhara kuburitsa kwavo. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe misika yekabhoni yekuzvidira ine kushaikwa kwezvakajairwa zvinodikanwa, kune kuenderana kwakawanda maererano nekupa / kudiwa masimba mumusika uyu izvo zvinogona, zvakare, kubatsira shanduko kuenda kunharaunda ine decarbonized.

The Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets (TSVCM) inofungidzira kuti kudiwa kwekabhoni kiredhiti kunogona kuwedzera nechikamu chegumi neshanu kana kupfuura panosvika 15 uye nechikamu chinosvika zana kusvika 2030. $100 bhiriyoni muna 2050. Zvichienderana nezvakataurwa kudiwa kwekabhoni kiredhiti, fungidziro yekuda kubva kunyanzvi dzakaongororwa neTSVCM, uye huwandu hwehutsi hunodiwa hunodiwa kuderedza kuburitswa kunoenderana nechinangwa chekudziya kwe50-degree, McKinsey anofungidzira kuti kudiwa kwepasirese kwepagore kwekabhoni. zvikwereti zvinogona kusvika ku2030 kusvika ku1.5 gigatons ye carbon dioxide (GtCO1.5) ne 2.0 uye kusvika ku2 kusvika ku 2030 GtCO7 ne 13. Nokudaro, inofungidzirwa kuti kuchine simba rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwemisika yekabhoni, kunyanya kutungamirira ne makambani anofanirwa kudzikamisa emissions yavo.

Panyaya yeNature-Based Solutions kana Nature Climate solutions, vatambi vakati wandei vanopokana kuti chero nzira inovimbika inoenda ku-net-zero inofanirwa kusanganisira kupedza kutemwa kwemasango uye kushatiswa kwezvipenyu zvechisikigo pamwe nekudzikisira kuburitswa kwakabatana nekurima uye masisitimu echikafu. Reflora Initiative ndeimwe yeaya makambani anotarisisa masevhisi ayo ekubvisa kabhoni pakugadzirisa kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mapurojekiti ekabhoni akabatanidzwa pamwe chete mabhenefiti, akadai sekuchengetedza uye kusimudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kutonga kwemvura yakachena, uye tsigiro yemagariro nehupfumi kuvanhu vekumaruwa neveko. Semuenzaniso, chikamu chakakosha chemusika wekuzvidira chakavakirwa pamapurojekiti ari munyika dzinopisa dzichiri kusimukira. inofungidzirwawo kuti NCS inotsigirawo zvose kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuderedza kubudiswa kwemhepo. Semuenzaniso, agroforestry masisitimu anogona kuumba hupfumi hwekurima hwakatsiga, nepo zvirongwa zvekudzorera zvinogona kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemvura zhinji nemafashamu.

Kupedzisa, kuchine mukana wakakura weCarbon Credits Markets, kunyanya yeVoluntary Carbon Credits. Makambani 'Net-zero Targets anozoda aya maturusi ekumisikidza kuitira kuti azadzise zvibodzwa zvavo zve decarbonisation. Pamusoro pezvo, inopawo sarudzo kune vanhu kuti vatsigire kuburitswa kwavo. Nekune rimwe divi, basa remapurojekiti eNCS ndiro rakakosha kubvisa utsi mumhepo, ukuwo mabhenefiti avo ari kuunza kukanganisa kwete kungosiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu asiwo kutsigira nharaunda dzekumaruwa nedzako.

References

• Stockholm Environment Institute. "Kuita Manzwisisiro eKuzvidira Kabhoni Musika: Kuenzanisa kweCarbon Offset Miyero".
  https://www.sei.org/publications/making-sense-voluntary-carbon-market-comparison- carbon-offset-standards/
  
• Tom Dowall. "Sainzi-Yakavakirwa Net-Zero Zvinangwa: 'Ishoma Net, yakawanda Zero'". https://sciencebasedtargets.org/blog/science-based-net-zero-targets-less-net-more-zero
  
• McKinsey. Iyo yekuzvidira kabhoni musika inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/how-the- voluntary-carbon-market-can-help-address-climate-change/
  
• McKinsey. Chirongwa chekuyera misika yekuzvidira kabhoni kuti isangane nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/a-blueprint-for- scaling-voluntary-carbon-markets-to-meet-the-climate-challenge/
  
• World Economic Forum. Nei zvigadziriso zvemamiriro ekunze zvemamiriro ekunze zviri pamusoro zvakanyanya kupfuura kabhoni
  https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/natural-climate-solutions-more-than-carbon/

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