European Green Deal: Komisheni inokurudzira shanduko yehupfumi hweEU uye nzanga kuti isangane nezvishuwo zvemamiriro ekunze

European Commission yatora mapasuru ezvikumbiro kuita kuti mamiriro ekunze eEU, simba, kushandiswa kwevhu, zvifambiso uye mitero zvikodzere kudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse neinosvika 55% panosvika 2030, zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a1990. Kuwana kudzikiswa kwekuburitsa uku mumakore gumi anotevera kwakakosha kuti Europe ive nyika yekutanga pasirese isina kwayakarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze panosvika 2050 uye kuita European Green Deal chokwadi. Nezvikumbiro zvanhasi, Komisheni iri kupa maturusi emutemo ekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakabvumiranwa muEuropean Climate Law uye nekushandura hupfumi hwedu nenharaunda kuti ive neramangwana rakanaka, rakasvibira uye rakabudirira.

Iyo yakazara uye yakabatana seti yezvikumbiro

Zvikumbiro izvi zvichagonesa kukwidziridzwa kwakakodzera kwekuderedzwa kwegasi regreenhouse mumakore gumi anotevera. Zvinobatanidza: kushandiswa kwekutengesa kuburitsa kune zvikamu zvitsva uye kusimba kweiyo iripo EU Emissions Trading System; kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba rinowanikwazve; simba guru rinoshanda; kukurumidza kuburitsa nzira dzekufambisa dzakaderera uye zvivakwa uye mafuta ekuzvitsigira; kurongeka kwemitemo yemitero neEuropean Green Deal zvinangwa; matanho ekudzivirira kubuda kwekabhoni; uye maturusi ekuchengetedza nekukura edu echisikigo makabhoni anonyura.

• The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) inoisa mutengo pane kabhoni uye inodzikisira muvharo wezvinobudiswa kubva kune mamwe masekete ehupfumi gore rega rega. Zvakabudirira yakadzikisa hutsi kubva mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye maindasitiri anonyanya kushandisa simba ne42.8% mumakore gumi nematanhatu apfuura. Nhasi the Komisheni iri kuronga kudzikisa iyo yakazara emission cap zvakatowedzera uye kuwedzera mwero wayo wepagore wekudzikisa. Komisheni zvakare kupa kubvisa mari yekubvisa mahara yekubhururuka uye Fanana nepasi rose Carbon Offsetting uye Reduction Scheme yeInternational Aviation (CORSIA) uye kusanganisira kutumira emissions kekutanga muEU ETS. Kugadzirisa kushaikwa kwekuderedzwa kwehutsi mukufambisa kwemigwagwa uye zvivakwa, imwe yakaparadzana itsva emissions yekutengesa system inogadzirirwa kugovera mafuta ekufambisa kwemigwagwa uye zvivakwa. Komisheni inodawo kuwedzera saizi yeInnovation uye Modernization Funds.
• Kuzadzisa mari yakawandisa pamamiriro ekunze mubhajeti reEU, nyika dzenhengo dzinofanira kushandisa mari yadzo yese yekutengesa mapurojekiti ane chekuita nemamiriro ekunze uye simba. Chikamu chakatsaurirwa chemari kubva kuhurongwa hutsva hwekufambisa kwemigwagwa uye zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kugadzirisa zvingangoitika munharaunda padzimba dzine njodzi, makambani madiki nevashandisi vezvifambiso.
• The Effort Sharing Regulation inopa zvinangwa zvakasimbiswa zvekudzikisa kuburitswa kunhengo imwe neimwe yenhengo zvezvivakwa, migwagwa uye zvemukati mezvifambiso zvemugungwa, zvekurima, marara uye maindasitiri madiki. Tichiziva nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekutangisa uye kugona kwenhengo imwe neimwe yenhengo, zvinangwa izvi zvinoenderana neGDP yavo pamunhu, negadziridzo dzakaitwa kuti dzitore mutengo wakanaka mundangariro.
• Nyika dzenhengo dzinogovanawo basa rekubvisa kabhoni kubva mumhepo, saka iyo Regulation on Land Use, Forestry and Agriculture inoisa chinangwa cheEU chese chekubvisa kabhoni nemadhishi echisikigo, akaenzana ne310 miriyoni matani e CO2 emissions panosvika 2030. Zvinangwa zveNyika zvinoda kuti Nhengo dzeNyika dzitarisire uye dziwedzere kunyura kwekabhoni kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Panosvika 2035, EU inofanirwa kuve nechinangwa chekusvika pakusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze muchikamu chekushandiswa kwevhu, masango uye zvekurima, kusanganisira zvekurima zvisiri zveCO2 zvinoburitsa, senge izvo zvinobva mukushandiswa kwefetereza uye zvipfuyo. The EU Forest Strategy ine chinangwa chekuvandudza kunaka, huwandu uye kusimba kwemasango eEU. Inotsigira masango uye sango-based bioeconomy uku ichichengeta kukohwa uye biomass kushandiswa kwakasimba, kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kusimuka. chirongwa chekudyara mabhiriyoni matatu emiti muEurope yose panosvika 2030.
• Kugadzirwa kwesimba uye kushandisa maakaundi e75% yeEU emissions, saka kusimudzira shanduko kune yakasvibira simba system kwakakosha. The Renewable Energy Directive achaisa an yakawedzera chinangwa chekugadzira 40% yesimba redu kubva kune zvinogonekazve panosvika 2030. Nyika dzese dzeNhengo dzichabatsira kuchinangwa ichi, uye zvinonangwa zvakanangana nekushandiswa kwesimba renewable mukutakura, kudziyisa nekutonhodza, zvivakwa nemaindasitiri. Kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvedu zvemamiriro ekunze uye zvakatipoteredza, zvimiro zvekusimudzira zvekushandiswa kwebioenergy zvinosimbiswa uye Nhengo dzeNyika dzinofanirwa kugadzira zvirongwa zvekutsigira zvebioenergy nenzira inoremekedza iyo cascading musimboti wekushandiswa kwehuni biomass.
• Kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rose, kucheka kuburitsa uye kugadzirisa hurombo hwesimba, iyo Energy Efficiency Directive achaisa a zvakawanda zvinosunga gore negore chinangwa chekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba paEU level. Ichatungamira kuti mipiro yenyika inotangwa sei uye inopeta kaviri chisungo chegore negore chekuchengetedza simba kunhengo dzenhengo. The veruzhinji vanozodikanwa kugadzirisa 3% yezvivakwa zvayo gore rega rega kutyaira mafungu ekugadzirisa, kugadzira mabasa uye kudzikisa kushandiswa kwesimba uye mutengo kune mutero.
• Mubatanidzwa wematanho unodiwa kugadzirisa kukwira kwehutsi mukufambisa kwemigwagwa kuzadzisa kutengeserana kwehutsi. Yakasimba CO2 emissions zviyero zvemota nemavan ichamhanyisa shanduko kuenda ku zero-emission mobility by inoda avhareji yekubuda kwemotokari nyowani kudzika ne55% kubva 2030 uye 100% kubva 2035. zvichienzaniswa ne2021 mazinga. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mota dzese nyowani dzakanyoreswa kubva muna 2035 dzichave zero-emission. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vanokwanisa kubhadharisa kana mafuta mota dzavo pane yakavimbika network muEurope, iyo yakagadziridzwa Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation chido zvinoda nyika dzenhengo kuti dziwedzere kuchaja huwandu hunoenderana nekutengesa zero-emission mota, uye kuisa nzvimbo dzekuchaja nepeturu nguva nenguva mumigwagwa mikuru: makiromita 60 ega ega pakuchaja magetsi uye makiromita 150 ega ega ekuwedzera hydrogen.
• Zvendege nemafuta emugungwa zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kukuru uye zvinodawo chiito chakatsaurirwa kuzadzisa kutengeserana kwehutsi. Iyo Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation inoda kuti ndege uye ngarava zviwane magetsi akachena mumachiteshi makuru nenhandare dzendege. The ReFuelEU Aviation Initiative zvinomanikidza vatengesi vemafuta kuti vasanganise kuwedzera mazinga emafuta ekufambisa akasimba endege mumafuta ejeti anotorwa pa-bhodhi panhandare dzendege dzeEU, kusanganisira ekugadzira mafuta akaderera kabhoni, anozivikanwa see-mafuta. Saizvozvowo, the FuelEU Maritime Initiative ichasimudzira kutorwa kwemafuta emugungwa akasimba uye zero-emission tekinoroji nekuisa huwandu hwakanyanya. kuganhurira pane greenhouse gasi remukati mesimba rinoshandiswa nengarava kufona paEuropean ports.
• Iyo yemutero sisitimu yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi inofanirwa kuchengetedza nekuvandudza Musika Umwechete uye kutsigira shanduko yegirinhi nekuisa zvinokurudzira. A kudzokororwa kweEnergy Taxation Directive proposes to batanidza mutero wezvigadzirwa zvesimba neEU simba uye mamiriro ekunze, kusimudzira michina yakachena uye kubvisa kuregererwa kwechinyakare uye kuderedzwa kwemitengo iyo parizvino inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta emafuta. Mitemo mitsva inotarisira kuderedza zvinokuvadza zvemakwikwi emutero wesimba, kubatsira mari yakachengeteka yeNhengo dzeNyika kubva kumitero yakasvibirira, iyo isinganyanyi kukanganisa kukura kupfuura mitero yevashandi.
• Pakupedzisira, chinhu chitsva Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism ichaisa mutengo wekabhoni pane zvinotengwa kunze kwenyika yesarudzo yakanangwa yezvigadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze muEurope hachitungamirire kune 'carbon leakage'. Izvi zvichaita kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuderedzwa kwehutsi hweEurope kunobatsira mukudzikira kwepasi rose, pane kusunda kabhoni-yakanyanya kugadzirwa kunze kweEurope. Inovavarirawo kukurudzira indasitiri iri kunze kweEU uye vatinodyidzana navo vekunze kuti vatore matanho munzira imwe chete.

Zvikumbiro izvi zvese zvakabatana uye zvinopindirana. Tinoda pasuru iyi yakaenzana, nemari yainounza, kuve nechokwadi cheshanduko inoita kuti Europe ive yakanaka, yakasvibira uye ive nemakwikwi, kugovana basa zvakaenzana muzvikamu zvakasiyana uye Nyika dzeNhengo, nekupa rumwe rutsigiro pazvinenge zvakakodzera.

A Socially Fair Transition

Ndichiri munguva yepakati-kusvika kwenguva refu, mabhenefiti emitemo yemamiriro ekunze eEU anodarika mutengo weshanduko iyi, mitemo yemamiriro ekunze inoisa njodzi kudzimba dziri munjodzi, makambani madiki nevashandisi vezvifambiso munguva pfupi. Magadzirirwo emitemo ari mupakeji yanhasi saka anoparadzira zvakaringana mutengo wekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Pamusoro pezvo, kabhoni mitengo yemitengo inosimudza mari inogona kuisirwazve kuti ikurudzire hunyanzvi, kukura kwehupfumi, uye kudyara mumatekinoroji akachena. A itsva Social Climate Fund inokurudzirwa kupa mari yakatsaurirwa kuNhengo dzeNyika kuti dzibatsire vagari mari yekudyara musimba rekushandisa simba, kudziya kutsva nekutonhodza masisitimu, uye kufamba kwakachena. Sangano reSocial Climate Fund raizopihwa mari nebhajeti reEU, richishandisa mari yakaenzana ne25% yemari inotarisirwa kuwanikwa yehutsi hwekutengesa pakuvaka nekufambisa mafuta emumigwagwa. Iyo ichapa € 72.2 bhiriyoni yemari kuNhengo dzeNyika, yenguva 2025-2032, zvichibva pakugadziriswa kwakanangwa kune yakawanda yegore mari chimiro. Nechikumbiro chekutora mari inofananidzwa neNhengo yeNyika, Homwe yaizounganidza € 144.4 bhiriyoni kuitira shanduko yemagariro.

Zvakanakira kuita izvozvi kuchengetedza vanhu nepasi zvakajeka: mhepo yakachena, inotonhorera uye yakasvibira mataundi nemaguta, vagari vane hutano, kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa uye mabhiri, mabasa eEurope, tekinoroji nemikana yemaindasitiri, nzvimbo yakawanda yezvisikwa, uye nyika ine hutano. kuti ndipe kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. Dambudziko riri pamwoyo weshanduko yegirini yeEurope ndere kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabhenefiti nemikana inouya nayo inowanikwa kune vese, nekukurumidza uye zvakaringana sezvinobvira. Nekushandisa akasiyana maturusi emitemo anowanikwa padanho reEU tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti nhanho yekuchinja yakakwana, asi kwete kukanganisa zvakanyanya.

kumashure

The European Green Deal, yakaunzwa neKomisheni musi wa 11 Zvita 2019, inoisa chinangwa chekuita kuti Europe ive yekutanga kondinendi isina kwayakarerekera mamiriro ekunze panosvika 2050. Mutemo weEuropean Climate, iyo inotanga kushanda mwedzi uno, inoisa mumutemo unosunga kuzvipira kweEU mukusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze uye chinangwa chepakati chekudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa ne55% panosvika 2030, zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a1990. Kuzvipira kweEU kuderedza gasi rinopisa emissions neinenge 55% ne2030 yaive yakataurirana neUNFCCC muna Zvita 2020 semupiro weEU mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zveChibvumirano cheParis.

Nekuda kwemutemo uripo weEU wemamiriro ekunze uye simba, kubuda kwegasi regreenhouse kuEU kwatodonha. ne24% zvichienzaniswa na1990, nepo hupfumi hweEU hwakakura nezvikamu makumi matanhatu muzana panguva imwe chete, zvichibvisa kukura kubva mukuburitswa. Iyi yakaedzwa uye yakasimbiswa bumbiro remitemo inoumba hwaro hweiyi pasuru yemutemo.

Komisheni yakaita ongororo yakawandisa isati yapa zvikumbiro izvi kuyera mikana uye mari yekuchinja kwegirinhi. MunaGunyana 2020 a kuongororwa kwemaitiro akazara yakatsigira chirevo cheKomisheni chekuwedzera chinangwa cheEU che2030 chekudzikisa kuburitsa kusvika pa55%, zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a1990. Yakaratidza kuti chinangwa ichi chinogoneka uye chinobatsira. Zvikumbiro zvemazuva ano zvemutemo zvinotsigirwa neyakadzama yekuongorora, tichifunga nezvekubatana nezvimwe zvikamu zvepakeji.

Bajeti reEU renguva refu kwemakore manomwe anotevera richapa rutsigiro kushanduko yegirinhi. 30% yezvirongwa pasi peiyo € 2 tiririyoni 2021-2027 Multiannual Financial Framework uye NextGenerationEU dzakatsaurirwa kutsigira chiito chemamiriro ekunze; 37% ye723.8 bhiriyoni (mumitengo yazvino) Kudzorera uye Resilience Facility, iyo ichapa mari nyika dzenhengo 'zvirongwa zvekudzoreredza nyika pasi peNextGenerationEU, yakagoverwa kumamiriro ekunze.

Mutungamiri weEuropean Commission, Ursula von der Leyen akati: "Hupfumi hwemafuta efossil hwasvika pahunogumira. Tinoda kusiya chizvarwa chinotevera nyika ine hutano pamwe nemabasa akanaka uye kukura kusingakuvadzi hunhu hwedu. Iyo European Green Deal ndiyo nzira yedu yekukura iri kuenda kuhupfumi hwakadzikama. Europe ndiyo yaive kondinendi yekutanga kuzivisa kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze muna 2050, uye isu tisu vekutanga kuisa mepu yekongiri patafura. Europe inofamba hurukuro pamusoro pemitemo yemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nehunyanzvi, kudyara uye muripo wemagariro. "

Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weEuropean Green Deal, Frans Timmermans akati: “Ano ndiwo makore gumi ekurwisa mamiriro ekunze uye matambudziko akasiyana-siyana. IEuropean Union yakaisa zvinangwa zvekuda uye nhasi tinopa maitiro atingaite nazvo. Kusvika kune remangwana rakasvibira uye rine hutano kune vese kunoda kushanda nesimba muchikamu chese uye nechero nhengo yenyika. Pamwe chete, zvikumbiro zvedu zvinokurudzira shanduko dzinodiwa, kugonesa vagari vese kuti vaone mabhenefiti ekuita kwemamiriro ekunze nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, uye kupa rutsigiro kudzimba dzakanyanya kutambudzika. Shanduko yeEurope ichave yakanaka, yakasvibira uye inokwikwidza. "

Komisheni wezvehupfumi, VaPaolo Gentiloni, vakati: “Kuedza kwedu kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunofanirwa kuve kwekuda zvematongerwo enyika, kurongeka kwepasi rose uye kuenzanirana mumagariro. Tiri kuvandudza mitemo yedu yemakore makumi maviri ekare yemitero yemagetsi kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta akasvibira uye kuderedza makwikwi emutero anokuvadza. Uye isu tiri kukurudzira kabhoni muganho wekugadzirisa magadzirirwo ayo anowiriranisa mutengo wekabhoni pane zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika neizvo zvinoshanda mukati meEU. Nekuremekedza zvizere zvisungo zvedu zveWTO, izvi zvichave nechokwadi chekuti chishuvo chedu chemamiriro ekunze hachidzikisirwe nemafemu ekunze zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza. Ichakurudzirawo miitiro yakasvibirira kunze kwemiganhu yedu. Iyi ndiyo yekupedzisira ikozvino kana kusamboita nguva. Negore rega rega chokwadi chinotyisa chekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze chinova pachena: nhasi tinosimbisa kutsunga kwedu kuita zvinhu zvisati zvanyanya kunonoka. "

Komisheni weEnergy Kadri Simson akati: "Kusvika pazvibodzwa zveGreen Deal hazvigoneke pasina kugadziridza hurongwa hwesimba redu - apa ndipo panowanikwa huzhinji hwedu. Kuti tiwane kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze panosvika 2050, tinoda kushandura shanduko inovandudzwa kuita shanduko uye tive nechokwadi chekuti hapana simba rinoraswa munzira. Zvikumbiro zvanhasi zvinoisa zvibodzwa zvakawanda, kubvisa zvipingamupinyi uye kuwedzera zvinokurudzira kuti tifambe nekukurumidza takananga kune net-zero simba system. "

Komisheni wezvekutakurwa kwezvinhu, Adina Vălean, akati: "Nezvirongwa zvedu zvitatu zvakanangana nekufambisa - ReFuel Aviation, FuelEU Maritime uye Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation - tichatsigira shanduko yebazi rezvekutakurwa mune ramangwana-chiratidzo system. Isu tichagadzira musika weakasimba mamwe emafuta uye yakaderera-kabhoni matekinoroji, tichiisa munzvimbo yakakodzera zvivakwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekutora kwakawanda kwezero-emission mota nengarava. Iyi pasuru ichatitora kupfuura girini yekufamba uye Logistics. Iwo mukana wekuita kuti EU ive inotungamira musika wekucheka-kumucheto matekinoroji. "

Komisheni wezvakatipoteredza, Oceans and Fisheries Virginijus Sinkevičius akati: “Masango chikamu chikuru chemhinduro kumatambudziko mazhinji atinosangana nawo mukugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze uye matambudziko ekusiyana kwezvipenyu. Ndivo zvakare kiyi yekuunza zvinangwa zveEU 2030 mamiriro ekunze. Asi ikozvino mamiriro ekuchengetedza masango haana kunaka muEU. Tinofanira kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana-ane ushamwari uye kuchengetedza hutano nekusimba kwemasango ecosystem. Sango Strategy ishanduko chaiyo yemitambo munzira yatinochengetedza, kutonga uye kukura masango edu, epasi redu, vanhu uye hupfumi. "

Mukuru wezvekurima, VaJanusz Wojciechowski, vakati: “Masango akakosha mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Ivo zvakare vanopa mabasa uye kukura mumaruwa, zvinhu zvinogadzika kusimudzira bioeconomy, uye akakosha ecosystem masevhisi kunharaunda yedu. Sango Strategy, nekugadzirisa magariro, zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza zvese pamwe chete, ine chinangwa chekuona nekusimudzira kuwanda kwemasango edu uye inosimbisa basa rakakosha rinoitwa nemamiriyoni emasango anoshanda pazvikonzero. Iyo itsva Common Agricultural Policy ichave mukana werutsigiro rwakanangidzirwa kuvarimi vedu uye mukusimudzira masango edu.

More mashoko

Kukurukurirana: inokodzera makumi mashanu neshanu kuendesa zvinangwa zveEU 55 mamiriro ekunze

Webhusaiti Inoendesa iyo yeEuropean Green Deal (kusanganisira zvikumbiro zvemutemo)

Webhusaiti ine Audio-zvinoonekwa zvinhu pane zvikumbiro

Q&A paEU Emissions Trading System

Q&A pamusoro peKuedza kugovana uye Kushandisa Ivhu, Masango uye Zvekurima Regulations

Q&A paKuita Masisitimu edu eMasimba akwane kune yedu Yemamiriro ekunze Targets

Q&A paCarbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

Q&A paKudzokororwa kweEnergy Taxation Directive

Q&A paSustainable Transport Infrastructure neMafuta

Architecture yepakiti Factsheet

Socially fair transition Factsheet

Masikirwo uye Masango Factsheet

Transport Factsheet

Energy Factsheet

Zvivakwa Factsheet

Industry Factsheet

Hydrogen Factsheet

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Factsheet

Kugadzira Energy Taxation Greener Factsheet

Bhurocha reKuendesa iyo European Green Deal

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: