Chii chinonzi kabhoni kusarerekera uye chingawanikwe sei panosvika 2050?

Kuti kudziya kwepasi kusvike 1.5 madhigirii celsius - mukana weIntergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) unoratidza kuti hazvina njodzi -kusarerekera kabhoni panosvika pakati pe21st century kwakakosha. Chinangwa ichi zvakare chakaiswa pasi Chibvumirano cheParis yakasainwa nenyika 195, kusanganisira EU.

MunaNovember 2019, European Commission yakaratidza iyo European Green Deal, chirongwa chayo chemureza chine chinangwa chekuita kuti Europe mamiriro ekunze asina kwayakarerekera panosvika 2050.

Chii chinonzi carbon neutrality?

Kabhoni kusarerekera kunoreva kuva nechiyero pakati pekuburitsa kabhoni uye kutora kabhoni kubva muchadenga mumasingi ecarbon. Kubvisa carbon oxide kubva mumhepo uye nekuichengeta kunozivikanwa secarbon sequestration. Kuti uwane kuburitswa kwe zero, kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse pasi rose kuchafanirwa kuenzaniswa nekabhoni sequestration.

Carbon sink ndiyo chero system inotora kabhoni yakawanda kupfuura yainoburitsa. Makuru echisikirwo ecarbon sink ivhu, masango nemakungwa. Maererano nekufungidzira, masingi echisikigo anobvisa pakati pe9.5 ne11 Gt yeCO2 pagore. Mwaka wepasi rose CO2 emissions yasvika 37.1 Gt muna 2017.

Kusvika pari zvino, hapana artificial carbon sinks anokwanisa kubvisa kabhoni kubva mumhepo pachiyero chinodiwa kurwisa kudziya kwepasi.

Iyo kabhoni yakachengetwa mumadhishi echisikigo akadai semasango anoburitswa mumhepo kuburikidza nemoto wemasango, shanduko mukushandiswa kwevhu kana kutema matanda. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kuti kuderedza carbon emissions kuitira kuti tisvike pakusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze.

Carbon offsetting

Imwe nzira yekudzikisa kuburitswa uye kutsvaga kusarerekera kabhoni ndeyekumisa kuburitswa kunoitwa muchikamu chimwe nekudzikisira kumwewo. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza neinvestment in Renewable energy, kushanda nesimba kana imwe yakachena, yakaderera-kabhoni matekinoroji. Iyo EU emissions yekutengesa system (ETS) muenzaniso we carbon offsetting system.

Zvinangwa zveEU

European Union yakazvipira kune inoshuvira mamiriro ekunze. Pasi peGreen Deal ine chinangwa chekuva kondinendi inobvisa huwandu hweCO2 emissions sezvainobudisa muna 2050. Ichi chinangwa chichava chinosungirwa zviri pamutemo kana European Parliament neKanzuru vakagamuchira Mutemo mutsva weClimate Law. Iyo EU yenguva pfupi yekudzikisa emission tarisiro ye2030 yaizogadziridzwa kubva pazvino kudzikiswa ne40% kuenda kune inoshuvira.

Komiti yeParamende yezvakatipoteredza yakavhota musi wa 11 Gunyana tichifarira kusarerekera kwemamiriro ekunze panosvika 2050 uye ye60% yekudzikisa emission tarisiro panosvika 2030 zvichienzaniswa nedanho ra1990 - rine chishuwo kupfuura chirevo chekutanga cheKomisheni che50-55%. Nhengo dzekomiti dziri kudaidzira kuti Komisheni iise imwezve chinangwa chenguva 2040 kuti ive nechokwadi chekufambira mberi kusvika kuchinangwa chekupedzisira.

Pamusoro pezvo, nhengo dzekomiti dzakadaidza nyika dzese dzeEU kuti dzive dzisina kwazvakarerekera uye dzakasimbirira kuti mushure megore ra2050, CO2 yakawanda inofanira kubviswa mumhepo kupfuura inoburitswa. Zvakare, rubatsiro rwese rwakananga kana rusina kunanga kumafuta efossil runofanira kubviswa panosvika 2025 munguva pfupi yapfuura.

Paramende yese ichavhotera Mutemo Wemamiriro ekunze panguva yemusangano we plenary musi wa 5-8 Gumiguru, mushure mezvo inogona kutanga nhaurirano neKanzuru.

Parizvino nyika shanu dzeEU dzakaisa chinangwa chekusarerekera mumutemo maererano nemamiriro ekunze: Sweden ine chinangwa chekusvika pakubuda kwenet-zero panosvika 2045 uye Denmark, France, Germany neHungary panosvika 2050.

Tsvaga zvimwe pamusoro pekuti EU inobatsira sei kuderedza kuburitswa kweCO2

Zvinangwa zvenyika zve2030

CO2 zvinangwa zvemotokari

CO2 emissions kubva kumotokari: chokwadi uye manhamba (infographic)

Infographic: nguva yenhaurirano dzekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze