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Kucheka kuburitsa uye kucheka dzvuku tepi: mutemo mutsva kune-off-road injini

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12 makore apfuura

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Isu tinoshandisa kusaina kwako kukupa zvirimo munzira dzawakabvumira uye kuvandudza manzwisisiro edu pamusoro pako. Unogona kuzvibvisa chero nguva.

022webEuropean Commission nhasi (Gunyana 25) matanho akarongwa achacheka kuburitswa kwezvinosvibisa mhepo kubva kumainjini mune isiri-nzira nhare muchina uye kucheka kuomarara kwemutemo wechikamu. Chikumbiro chanhasi chinopa huwandu hwakaomesesa emission emisimikosi yeinjini dzinopisa dzakaiswa mune isiri-mugwagwa nhare muchina (NRMM). Panguva imwecheteyo, inoisa mitemo yakabatana yekuisa iwo injini pamusika weEU.

Kana ichienzaniswa nemotokari dzinoshandiswa mumigwagwa, NRMM inovhara zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuchina unowanzo shandiswa kunze kwemugwagwa mumashandisirwo akawanda. Inosanganisira, semuenzaniso, midziyo midiki yekurima gadheni uye inobatwa nemaoko (michina yekucheka uswa, macheni sawha,…), michini yekuvaka (makucherwa, zvinotakurisa, mabulldozer,…) nemichina yekurima neyekurima (vakohwi, varimi,…); kunyange njanji, zvitima uye zvikepe zvemumvura zvinowira pasi pechikamu cheNRMM. Iyo itsva Regulation ichatsiva patchwork yemitemo yenyika makumi maviri nemasere panyaya iyi. Ichabvisawo chirevo chakaomarara kwazvo chinosanganisira 28 Annexes uye yakagadziridzwa kasere kubva payakagamuchirwa muna 15.

Kunze kwekuvandudza hutano hwemhepo muEU yose, chirevo chitsva chinopa chikamu cheNRMM chine hurongwa hwekutonga hunofanotaurwa uye hwakagadzikana hunoenderana neramangwana: kutarisa kwakajeka mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kwakaiswa pakurongeka kwepasi rose kwezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, kunyanya nechinangwa chekuunza izvo zveEU neUS pedyo pamwe chete. Izvi zvichaita kuti pave nenzvimbo yekutamba yeindasitiri yeEurope uye kudzivirira makwikwi asina kunaka kubva kune zvinodhura zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvemichina isina-inodzorwa. Pamusoro pazvo, chikumbiro ichi chinotarisirwa kudzikisira kudzvanyirirwa kunhengo dzenhengo dzedzimwe nyika kuti dziwedzere kuita zvirango padanho renyika izvo zvinozokanganisa musika wemukati.

Ferdinando Nelli Feroci, Commissioner weIndasitiri uye Entrepreneurship, akati: “Nekurerutsa mutemo uripo, kuvandudza pachena uye kurerutsa mutoro wekutonga, chikumbiro chanhasi chinobatsira mukukwikwidza kweindasitiri yeEurope. Isu tine chinangwa chekubatsira vasiri migwagwa mobile machine suppliers, akakosha maindasitiri chikamu, kuwana mabhenefiti akazara emusika wemukati uye kubatsira mabhizinesi eEU kuti abudirire kunze kwenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirevo chedu chinotungamira kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo uye nekudaro kudzivirira hutano hwevagari vekuEurope. Yakanakira bhizinesi uye yakanakira zvakatipoteredza. ”

Kudiwa kwechiito

Miganho yekuburitsa uye maitiro ekubvumidza einjini muNRMM parizvino akaiswa muDirective 97/68/EC uye nekugadziridzwa kwayo kunotevera.

Ongororo yehunyanzvi yakaitwa nguva yapfuura yakaratidza huwandu hwekukanganisa kwakakura kweiyi Directive, ichisimbisa kukosha kwewongororo yakakosha. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvakatsinhirwawo zvakanyanya neveNRMM vane chekuita nenharaunda.

Nezvikonzero izvi, basa pachikumbiro chitsva rakaitwa pamwe neanotevera masanhu makuru:

  • Kuunzwa kwemipimo mitsva yekuburitsa inotaridza kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye mitemo yeEU muchikamu chemumugwagwa, nechinangwa chekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemhando yemhepo yeEU;

  • Kuwedzerwa kwechikamu, nechinangwa chekuvandudza kuwirirana kwemusika (EU nepasirese) uye kuderedza njodzi yekukanganiswa kwemusika;

  • Kuunzwa kwezviyero zvekurerutsa maitirwo ekutonga nekuvandudza mashandiro, kusanganisira mamiriro ekutarisa kuri nani kwemusika.

Basa iri rakatanga nekubvunzana kwevane chekuita neruzhinji kumashure muna Ndira 2013. Raisanganisira kubvunzana nguva dzose uye kwakadzama kwevose vanobatanidzwa (nyika dzenhengo, masangano, maindasitiri, maNGO).

Kuburitswa kwemainjini muNRMM kunodzikiswa

Injini dzakaiswa muNRMM dzinobatsira zvakanyanya mukusvibiswa kwemhepo uye dzinozvidavirira kune ingangoita 15% yenitrogen oxide (NOx) uye 5% yezvinobuda zvinhu (PM) muEU. Zvakare, zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti mupiro wavo wehukama kune yakazara NOx kuburitswa inogona kukura nekufamba kwenguva, kana kuedza uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi muchikamu chemumigwagwa kusaendeswa kuNRMM.

Tichipesana neizvi, Komisheni yakurudzira nhasi kuomesera kumisa miganho yekuiswa pamusika weinjini nyowani dzakaiswa muNRMM. Nenzira iyi, NRMM ine ekare, yakawanda inosvibisa injini ichatsiviwa nekufamba kwenguva, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwakakosha kwekuburitsa zvachose.

Iyo itsva Regulation inotarisa zvinotevera zvinosvibisa mhepo: nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydro-carbons (HC), carbon-monoxide (CO) uye zvinhu zvemukati. Kana iri iyo yekupedzisira, inosuma muzvikamu zvakawanda zveinjini - kekutanga zvachose muchikamu cheNRMM - muganho wenhamba (PN) inozadzisa muganho pane particle mass (PM): nenzira iyi, kuburitswa kweanonzi ultrafine particles kuchavewo kushoma, kutora humbowo hwekupedzisira huchangoburwa pamhedzisiro yavo yehutano.

Rumwe ruzivo runowanikwa pa:

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/environment/non-road-mobile-machinery/index_en.htm

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