Mibvunzo nemhinduro pamusoro pekutengesa mhuka dzesango

Dambudziko rekutengesa mhuka dzesango rakakura sei?

Sezvimwe zviitwa zvipi nezvipi zvisiri pamutemo, hazvibviri kupa nhamba chaiyo maererano nehukuru uye kukosha kwekutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango. Asi hapana mubvunzo kuti yakakura zvikuru mumakore achangopfuura. Ikozvino ibhizimusi rematsotsi remamiriyoni emamiriyoni eeuro rinokanganisa marudzi mazhinji pasi rese. Nyanga dzenzou, nyanga dzezvipembere, zvigadzirwa zvetiger, matanda emunzvimbo dzinopisa uye zvimbi zveshaki ndezvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvesango zvinonyanya kukosha zvinowanikwa pamusika mutema, asi mamwe marudzi mazhinji ari kunetsawo, anosanganisira zvinokambaira, shiri, nemapangolin. Mapoka ematsotsi ari kuwedzera kubatanidzwa mukutengesa mhuka dzesango, iyo yave rudzi rwehutsotsi hwakarongwa hwepasi rose hunowedzera kufanana nekutengesa kwevanhu, zvinodhaka uye pfuti.

Chii chiri kuparira kuwanda kuchangobva kuitika mukubiwa kwemhuka dzomusango?

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuwedzera kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka dzesango, kunyanya muAsia, izvo zvakwidza mitengo zvakanyanya. China ndiyo nzvimbo huru yenyanga dzenzou, uye Vietnam ine nyanga dzezvipembere. Nyika dzepasi rose dzakaona kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kugadzirisa divi rekudiwa kwedambudziko, asi mashoma matanho akasimba atorwa kusvika pari zvino. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisira hurombo, huwori, kushaikwa kwezvishandiso zvekushandisa, kuderera kwezvirango uye kusagadzikana mune mamwe matunhu epasi anobatwa nekutengesa mhuka dzesango, kunyanya Central Africa.

Nei kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango kuchinetsa kuEU?

Kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango ndeimwe yenjodzi huru kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kurarama kwemarudzi akati kuti emusango kunokanganiswa zvakananga nekuvhima zvisiri pamutemo uye kutengeserana kusiri pamutemo kwakabatana. Kutengeserana kunokanganisa zvakare zvinangwa zvakakosha muEU mutemo wekunze kwenyika nerutsigiro rwebudiriro, kusanganisira budiriro inoenderera, hutongi hwemitemo, hutongi hwakanaka uye runyararo nekugadzikana.

Iyo EU pachayo imusika mukuru wezvigadzirwa zvemhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo, uye nhandare dzendege dzeEU nemachiteshi akakosha ekufambisa pakati, kunyanya, Africa neAsia. Zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvesango zvisiri pamutemo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kunhengo dzeEU, kune dzimwe nyika dzenhengo uye kune yechitatu nyika. Gore rega rega, zvimwe 2500 zvakakosha kubatwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvemusango zvinoshumwa muEU.

Maererano neEuropol yazvino kuongororwa kwekutyisidzira pamhosva yezvakatipoteredza, kutengeswa zvisiri pamutemo kwemhuka dziri mungozi yokutsakatika ingozi iri kubuda muEU, nemapoka ematsotsi akarongwa ari kuwedzera kunangana nemhuka dzomusango. Mapoka akarongwa ematsotsi ane chekuita nekutengesa mhuka dzesango anoshandisa huori, kuba mari nemagwaro emanyepo kuti vafambise mabasa avo ekutengesa. Kupfuura izvi zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwemukati mese kuburikidza nehutsotsi hwakarongeka, hutano hweveruzhinji kuburikidza nekupararira kwechirwere huri panjodzi zvakare, sezvo mhuka dzichipinzwa muEU kunze kwehutsanana hupi zvahwo.

Ndeapi matanho aripo muEU kurwisa dambudziko iri?

EU ine mitemo yakasimba yekutengesa mhuka dziri mungozi, dzinozivikanwa seEU Wildlife Trade Regulations. A Directive pa Kuchengetedzwa Kwenzvimbo kuburikidza nemutemo weCriminal Law inoda kuti nyika dzose dziri nhengo dzione kuti kutengeserana kwemhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo kunoonekwa semhosva mumutemo wenyika yadzo, uye kuti vape zvirango zveutsotsi zvinobudirira, zvakaenzanirana uye zvinodzivisa. Zvimwe zviridzwa zveEU-level horizontal kurwisa hutsotsi hwakarongeka zvinogona kupawo maturusi anobatsira ekushandira pamwe pakati pezviremera zvenyika munyaya dzekutengesa mhuka dzesango.

Sangano reEU Enforcement Group rinotungamirwa neKomisheni rinosangana kaviri pagore, richiunza pamwe chete vakuru vezvemitemo kubva kunhengo dzese dzeEU Member States, Europol, Eurojust, World Customs Organisation nemamwe masangano kusimudzira kudyidzana panyaya dzekutengesa mhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo.

Pamusoro pezvo, Kurudziro yeKomisheni isingabatanidzi inotara matanho anofanirwa kutevedzerwa neNyika dzeNhengo kuitira kusimudzira kuedza kwadzo kurwisa kutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo, kusanganisira zvirango zvakaringana zvemhosva dzekutengesa mhuka dzesango, kudyidzana kukuru uye kupanana ruzivo mukati nepakati pamwe chete nenyika dzechitatu uye masangano epasi rose akakodzera, kana kudiwa kwekuwedzera ruzivo rwevanhu pamusoro pemigumisiro yakaipa yekutengeserana kwemhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo.

Chii chakaitwa neEU kusvika parizvino kurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango pasi rose?

IEU inoita basa rinoshanda mu Musangano weInternational Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), iyo ine chinangwa chokuva nechokwadi chokuti kutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda pakati pemarudzi 35 000 akachengetedzwa emhuka nemiti hakutyisi kurarama kwadzo. Komisheni ichangobva kuendesa chirevo chekuti EU ipinde muChibvumirano, nechinangwa chekuwedzera kusimbisa basa rayo semutsigiri wekuita kwakasimba kwepasirese kunopesana nekutengeserana kwemhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo.

IEU inoshandisawo zvigadziriso zvekutengeserana kuvandudza kushandiswa kwezvibvumirano zvezvakatipoteredza zvakaita seCITES. Zvibvumirano zvinogara zvichisanganisirwa muEU's Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) nenyika dzechitatu, uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira idzo dzinotendera nekuita zvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvebudiriro yakadzikama uye utongi hwakanaka (kusanganisira CITES) vanobatsirwa kubva kune zvimwe zvekutengeserana zvaunofarira, kuburikidza neGeneralized Scheme of Preferences hurongwa hwakakosha. (GSP+).

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura EU yakatsigira zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekubatsira nyika dzichiri kusimukira kurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango. MuAfrica moga, EU yakapa mari inodarika EUR 500 miriyoni yekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, iine mapurojekiti arikuenderera mberi anokosha angangoita EUR 30 miriyoni. Nhamba huru yemapurojekiti ekusimbisa hutongi uye kutonga kwemutemo zvisina kunanga zvakare zvinobatsira kusimudzira masimba ekuteedzera.

Mamwe mapurojekiti achangoburwa akanangana nekurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango:

• EU ndiyo inonyanya kupa (EUR 1.73 miriyoni) kuInternational Consortium to Combat Wildlife Crime, iyo inosanganisira CITES, Interpol, UNODC, World Bank uye World Customs Organisation. Mubatanidzwa uyu unotarisisa kurongeka kwepasi rose kwekuyedza uye kusimbisa kuteedzera uye kugona kutevedzera, semuenzaniso nekukurudzira nyika kushandisa iyo Wildlife uye Forest Crime Analytical Toolkit.
• Muna Zvita 2013, Komisheni yakabvumidza mari kupurojekiti inozivikanwa seMIKES (Kuderedza Kuuraya Nzou Nemamwe Mhuka Dziri Mungozi) nerubatsiro rwe EUR 12.3 miriyoni. Chirongwa ichi chinotevera chekare chekutarisa kuurayiwa zvisiri pamutemo kwenzou (MIKE) nemupiro wakazara kuCITES Secretariat ye12 miriyoni EUR inovhara nzvimbo makumi manomwe nenomwe muAfrica neAsia. Chirongwa chitsva ichi chinoisa kusimba kukuru pakutevedzwa, uye zvakare chinosanganisira dzimwe mhuka dziri mungozi munzvimbo dzeCaribbean nePacific.

Komisheni iyi ine donzvo rekuona kuti mari yakakwana ichawanikwa mukurongwa kwezvishandiso zvekusimudzira budiriro mumakore manomwe anotevera kubatsira nyika dzichiri kusimukira mukuita kwavo kurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango uye kuvandudza kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika.

Ndeapi mamwe masangano eEU uye nharaunda dzepasirese dziri kuita nezvedambudziko?

Paramende yeEurope yakagamuchira a Chisarudzo pamusoro pehutsotsi hwemhuka dzesango musi wa15 Ndira 2014. Padanho repasi rose, kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango kwave kutariswa mune akati wandei maforamu akakosha mugore rapfuura. UN General Assembly yaratidza kushushikana kwayo kukuru. Vatungamiri veG8 vakazvipira kurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo muna Chikumi 2013. Vhiki rapfuura chete, Security Council yakatambira kekutanga zvirango zvakanangana neavo vanotsigira mapoka ane zvombo kana network yematsotsi mu. nechepakati African Republic uye DRC kuburikidza nekushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo kwemhuka dzesango nezvigadzirwa zvemhuka.

Nyika dziri nhengo dzanga dzichishanda zvakare. Germany neGabon (kwete MS…) vakaronga musangano chaiwo mukati mevhiki yemakurukota ekupedzisira UN General Assembly; Mutungamiri Hollande vakatungamira tafura yakatenderedza pamusoro pekutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango kumucheto kweElysee Summit yeRunyararo nekuchengetedzeka muAfrica Zvita wapfuura; uye hurumende yeUK icharonga Musangano unotungamirwa neMutungamiriri weNyika Cameron musi wa13 Kukadzi 2014.

European Commission iri kutsigira zvirongwa izvi nechinangwa chekuenderera mberi nebasa rakasimba reEU yese mukuedza kwepasi rose kurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango.

Sei Komisheni isingakurudzire mamwe matanho ekongiri izvozvi?

Komisheni yakaparura hurongwa hwekubvunza veruzhinji kuti EU ingaite sei zvakanyanya mukurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango. Isati yafunga nezvematanho anotevera, Komisheni inofanirwa kunyatsoongorora matanho aripo, kuona chero mikaha, uye kufunga zvakabuda mukubvunzana uku, izvo zvinofanirwa kubatsirawo kuzivisa nezvekutengesa mhuka dzesango kunze kwechinyakare nharaunda.

Iyo EU icharamba ichishanda panguva yekubvunzana. Komisheni inosimudza mubvunzo zvine hungwaru muhukama hwezvematongerwo enyika nekutengeserana nenyika dzakakosha dzakaita seChina, Vietnam neThailand. Iyo zvakare inzvimbo iri kukurukurwa neUnited States muhurongwa hweTransatlantic Trade uye Investment Partnership (TTIP).

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