Nzvimbo: New policy package yekuchenesa mhepo yeEurope

Huwandu hwevanhu hwekushaikwa kwemhepo hwakaipa kupfuura tsaona dzemumigwagwa, zvichiita kuti ive nhamba yekutanga yezvakakonzera kufa nekukurumidza muEU. Izvo zvakare zvine chekuita pamhando yehupenyu nekuda kweasthma kana matambudziko ekufema.

Komisheni iri kupindura nematanho matsva ekudzikisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo, yakagamuchirwa nhasi (18 Zvita). Iyo yakachena air policy pasuru inogadziridza mutemo uripo uye inowedzera kuderedza zvinokuvadza zvinobuda kubva kuindasitiri, traffic, magetsi zvidyarwa uye zvekurima, nechinangwa chekudzikisa maitiro avo pahutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.

Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunokonzeresa kurasika kwemazuva ekushanda, uye kudhura kwakanyanya kwehutano, nemapoka anotambura sevana, asthmatics uye vakweguru vanonyanya kukanganiswa. Iyo zvakare inokuvadza ecosystems kuburikidza yakawandisa nitrogen kusvibiswa (eutrophication) uye acid mvura. Mutengo wakananga kunharaunda kubva mukusvibiswa kwemhepo, kusanganisira kukuvadzwa kwezvirimwa uye zvivakwa, unosvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nematatu pagore. Mabhenefiti kuhutano hwevanhu kubva mukushandisa pasuru inotenderedza € 23bn pagore, kanopfuura kagumi nembiri mutengo wekudzikisa kusvibiswa, izvo zvinofungidzirwa kusvika € 40bn pagore muna 12.

Mumiriri wezvakatipoteredza Janez Potočnik akati: "Mhepo yatinofema nhasi yakachena kupfuura makumi emakore apfuura. Asi kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuchiri 'muurayi asingaoneki' uye kunotadzisa vanhu vakawanda kurarama hupenyu huzere. huwandu hwevanhu vanofa nguva isati yakwana kubva mukusvibiswa kwemhepo, kuwedzera dziviriro kumapoka anotambura anokuda zvakanyanya, uye kunatsiridza hupenyu kune vese.Inhau dzakanaka zvakare kune zvisikwa uye zvisina kusimba ecosystem, uye ichasimudzira indasitiri yakachena yehunyanzvi - chikamu chakakosha chekukura. kuEurope."

Commissioner wehutano Tonio Borg akawedzera kuti: "Ndinotambira nemoyo wese kugamuchirwa kwepasuru yemhepo yakachena iyo inoisa Europe munzira chaiyo yekuwana mweya wakachena kune vese munguva refu. Iro hurongwa hwemhepo hutsva huchashandura kuvaEurope vanorarama hupenyu hune hutano uye hurefu: vana vashoma vanoita asthma kana mamwe matambudziko ekufema, vanhu vashoma vanorwara nekenza, zvirwere zvisingaperi zvekufema kana zvirwere zvemwoyo uye pakupedzisira vanhu vashoma vanofa kubva kune izvo zvinosvibisa mhepo kune hutano hwevanhu. "

Iyo pasuru yakagamuchirwa nhasi ine nhamba yezvikamu. Zvinosanganisira:

• Chirongwa chitsva cheMhepo Yakachena yeEurope ine matanho ekuona kuti zvinangwa zviripo zvinosangana munguva pfupi, uye zvinangwa zvitsva zvehutano hwemhepo kusvika ku2030. Iyo purogiramu inosanganisirawo matanho ekutsigira kubatsira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, nechinangwa chekuvandudza. kunaka kwemhepo mumaguta, kutsigira kutsvagisa nekuvandudza, nekusimudzira kudyidzana kwenyika dzese;
• yakagadziridzwa National Emission Ceilings Directive ine kuomarara kweserin'i yenyika kune zvitanhatu zvinosvibisa, uye;
• chirevo cheDhidhiyo nyowani yekudzikisa kusvibiswa kubva pakati pehukuru hwekuisa kupisa, senge magetsi mabhuroko emumigwagwa kana zvivakwa zvakakura, uye madiki maindasitiri ekuisa.

Pakazosvika 2030, uye zvichienzaniswa nebhizinesi semazuva ese, iyo yakachena mweya mutemo package inofungidzirwa ku:

• Dzivisa kufa kwe58,000 nguva isati yakwana;
• chengetedza 123,000 km2 yezvipenyu kubva mukusvibiswa kwenitrogen (inopfuura hafu yenharaunda yeRomania);
• chengetedza 56,000 km2 yakachengetedzwa Natura 2000 nzvimbo (kupfuura nzvimbo yose yeCroatia) kubva kune nitrogen kusvibiswa, uye;
• chengetedza 19,000 km2 ecosystems yesango kubva kune acidification.

Mabhenefiti ehutano ega achachengetedza nzanga €40-140bn mumitengo yekunze uye inopa mari inosvika bhiriyoni matatu mumabhenefiti akananga nekuda kwekushanda kwakanyanya kwevashandi, kuderedzwa kwemitengo yehutano, goho repamusoro uye kushomeka kwekukuvara kwezvivakwa. Chikumbiro ichi chichawedzerawo zvakaenzana neanosvika zana emabasa ekuwedzera nekuda kwekuwedzera kubereka uye kukwikwidza nekuda kwemazuva mashoma ekushanda akarasika. Inofungidzirwa kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka pakukura kwehupfumi.

Chikumbiro ichi chakavakirwa pamhedzisiro yeongororo yakazara yeiyo iripo EU air policy. Izvi zvinouya mushure mekubvunzana kwakawanda kwakawana rutsigiro rwakakura rwekuita kweEU-yakawanda munzvimbo ino.

kumashure

Nyika zhinji dzenhengo dzeEU dzichiri kutadza kusvika pazvakabvumiranwa EU mamiriro emhando yemhepo, uye nhungamiro yekusvibiswa kwemhepo yeUN World Health Organisation kazhinji haisi kuzadzikiswa.

Nepo EU mutemo wemhando yemhepo wakaunza kuderera kukuru mukuwanda kwezvinosvibisa zvinokuvadza zvakaita sechedu, sulfur dioxide (iyo inonyanya kukonzera mvura ine acid), lead, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide uye benzene, matambudziko makuru asara. Fine particulates uye ozone, kunyanya, inoramba ichiunza njodzi huru dzehutano uye miganhu yakachengeteka yehutano inogara ichipfuudzwa. EU mamiriro emhando yemhepo uye zvinangwa zvakatyorwa mumatunhu mazhinji nemaguta, uye hutano hweveruzhinji hunotambura saizvozvo, nekukwira kwemitengo kune hutano uye hupfumi. Mari yekunze ine chekuita nehutano hwekunze kune nzanga kubva mukusvibiswa kwemhepo inofungidzirwa kuva pakati pe330-940 bhiriyoni pagore. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya kuoma mumaguta, ayo ave kugara kune ruzhinji rwevaEurope.

Iyo pasuru yakagamuchirwa nhasi ndiyo mhedziso yekuongorora kukuru kwemitemo yemhepo yakatanga kutanga kwa2011.

More mashoko

Batanidza kune dhizaini chikumbiro uye kuchidzidzo (nenhamba dzeMS, sezvataurwa pamusoro)

Q&A MEMO: MEMO/13/1169

Chokwadi peji

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/index.htm

http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air

http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2013/at_download/file

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/review_air_policy.htm

Audio visual material (VNR) inowanikwa pa tvlink.org

WHO air quality guidelines

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