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14 makore apfuura

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Isu tinoshandisa kusaina kwako kukupa zvirimo munzira dzawakabvumira uye kuvandudza manzwisisiro edu pamusoro pako. Unogona kuzvibvisa chero nguva.

Ambient air quality yakashata munyika dzakawanda dzeEU Member States - kunyangwe paine chisungo chekuti hurumende ive nechokwadi chemhando yemhepo yakanaka kune vagari. Mamiriro acho akakomba zvekuti Komisheni parizvino iri kutora matanho kune 17 States ine rekodhi inowirirana yehurombo hwemhepo.

Nhasi, sechikamu chenzira nyowani yedambudziko iri, Bulgaria, Latvia neSlovenia vari kukumbirwa kugadzirisa nekukurumidza nyaya inouraya vagari vakawanda kupfuura tsaona dzemumigwagwa gore rega rega.

Dambudziko rine chekuita netudiki tunozivikanwa sePM10s, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema, kenza yemapapu uye kufa nguva isati yakwana. Hunhu hwemhepo husina kunaka injodzi yakananga kune vagari vakafumurwa kusvibiswa kubva kune akatsetseka zvimedu (PM10), izvo zvinobva kune zvitubu zvakaita semumigwagwa, zviitiko zvemaindasitiri uye kupisa kwemba. Maererano netsvagurudzo yazvino, ruzhinji (56%) rwevaEurope vanotenda kuti hunhu hwemhepo hwakadzikira mumakore gumi apfuura.

Munguva yakapfuura, Komisheni yakabudirira kuendesa Italy, Portugal, Slovenia neSweden kuDare redzimhosva nekuda kwekutadza kuvimbisa kunaka kwemhepo kune vagari. Asi mitongo yeDare yakaguma yakavhara chete kutadza kutevedzera chiyero chemhando yemhepo munguva yakapfuura, zvichipa kurudziro shoma kuNyika dziri nhengo kuti dziite pane zvapfuura.

Nzira itsva naizvozvo iri kutorwa, ichikudza chiyero chechiito chepamutemo. Chinangwa parizvino ndechekukurudzira Nhengo dzeNyika dzine matambudziko arikuenderera mberi emhando yemhepo kuti dzitore kumberi, nekukurumidza uye kunoshanda kuita kuti nguva yekusateerera iite pfupi sezvinobvira. Komisheni inonyanya kunetseka nezvezviitiko apo kusateedzera mutemo weEU kwakagara kweanopfuura makore 5 uye inofungidzirwa kuti ichaenderera mberi mune ramangwana. Pasi pemutemo weEU, Nhengo dzeNyika dzinosungirwa kutora matanho anodiwa ekuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo, uye kuita kuti ruzivo urwu rwuwanikwe nenzira yezvirongwa zvemhando yemhepo. Kukundikana kuita kudaro kunoguma nedanho repamutemo.

Rondedzero yakazara yeNhengo dzeNyika dzine chekuita nePM10 kudarika iAustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Slovakia and Slovenia.

Chiito chanhasi - zvehunyanzvi mabhii echiziviso - kupikisa Bulgaria, Latvia neSlovenia zvinoenderana nematanho akafanana akatorwa kuBelgium muna Mbudzi 2012, uye nedanho riri kuuya remutemo kune dzimwe Nhengo dzese dziri kutambura nekuramba kwakakwira kwezvikamu zvePM10 munzvimbo dzakapoteredza. mhepo.

Zvimedu zveAirborne (PM10) zvinonyanya kuwanikwa mukusvibiswa kwemhepo kubva kuindasitiri, traffic uye kudziyisa mudzimba. Zvinogona kukonzera asima, matambudziko emwoyo, kenza yemapapu uye kufa nguva isati yakwana. Directive 2008/50/EC pane ambient mhepo yemhando uye mweya wakachena weEurope inoda Nyika dzenhengo kudzikisira kuratidzwa kwevagari kune izvi zvimedu. Mutemo unoisa kukosha kwekuratidzwa kunosanganisira kukosha kwegore negore (40 μg/m3), uye kukosha kwezuva nezuva (50 μg/m3) iyo haifaniri kudarika kanopfuura makumi matatu neshanu mugore rekarenda.

Kubva mutemo wakatanga kushanda muna 2005, miganho yePM10 haina kuremekedzwa munyika gumi nenomwe Nhengo - AT, BE, BG, CZ, DE, EL, ES, FR, HU, IT, LV, PT, PL, RO. , SE, SK uye SL.

PM10 miganho yakakosha yaifanira kuzadzikiswa ne2005 (kana, muchiitiko cheRomania neBulgaria, kubva pazuva rekugamuchira), kunyangwe Nhengo dzeNyika dzaigona kukumbira Komisheni kuti iwedzere nguva yekuzadzisa zviyero kusvika June 2011. kune akati wandei mamiriro. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti, Nhengo dzeNyika dzaifanira kuratidza hurongwa hwemhando yemhepo inotsanangura maitiro akakodzera ekuderedza panguva yekuwedzera uye kuratidza kuti vakanga vatora matanho anodiwa kuti vazadzise kutevedzwa nenguva yakawedzerwa.

Kare, kutongwa kweNhengo dzeNyika dzatadza kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvemhando yemhepo kwakavakirwa pakutyorwa kweChikamu 13 cheDirective, icho chinoda kuti Nhengo dzeMatunhu dzisapfuure miganhu yePM 10. Nzira itsva iyi zvakare inosanganisira Chinyorwa 23 cheDirective. , vachipikisa kukundikana kweNyika dzakawanda dzeMasangano kugadza zvirongwa zvehutano hwemhepo hunofanira kuisa matanho akakodzera, kuitira kuti nguva yekudarika inogona kuchengetwa sepfupi sezvinobvira.

Kuitwa kwemutemo weEU chinhu chakakosha kuKomisheni, kunyanya sezvo kunonoka kusiri madikanwa mukudzikisa zvinosvibisa zvinokuvadza zvinogona kureva kuramba kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu.

 

Anna van Densky

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