Europe inofanira kuwedzera simba rayo pakufambira mberi kwenyukireya kuti izadzise zvinangwa zvayo zvenguva refu

Kuvandudzwa kwesimba renyukireya muEurope hakusi kungofungidzira chete kuti simba richange richiri kushanda kwenguva refu. Mumwedzi ichangopfuura, kwave kupindura kwezvematongerwo enyika nemaindasitiri kusimba remagetsi riri kuratidzwa muEurope. Mushure mekushamisika kuchangobva kuitika kumisika yemafuta negesi kwakabatana nehondo yeIran nekukanganiswa kweStrait of Hormuz, Brussels haisisiri kuona simba renyukireya senzira isina kusimba. European Commission iri nyevero Nyika dziri nhengo dzinorambidza kuvhara mafekitori enyukireya anobatsira, vachivakurudzira kuchengetedza marekita anokwanisa kupa magetsi akavimbika, asingadhuri uye asingaburitse utsi panguva iyo Europe iri kuyeuchidzwa zvakare nezvekusangana kwayo nemafuta ekunze anotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Kuchinja uku kuri kuoneka mukondinendi yese. Netherlands neBelgium dzakabvisa hurongwa hwekubuda muzvombo zvenyukireya, nesarudzo kuratidza kuti 71% yevaBelgium vanotsigira kuwedzera kushanda kwezvigadziriso zvenyukireya zviripo munyika; Sweden iri kutsvaka simba rayo rekutanga renyukireya mumakore makumi mana; uye Germany yakaderedza kushora kwayo dzimwe nyika dzeEU dziri kugadzira simba renyukireya. Slovakia, panguva iyi, yave kutanga Kuisa mafuta muMochovce unit 4, reactor ine simba re471 MW inotarisirwa kuwedzera chikamu chemagetsi emuno chenyukireya kusvika pa77.5% uye kuita kuti nyika ive mutengesi wemagetsi kunze kwenyika. Izvo zvakamboonekwa munguva pfupi yapfuura muzvikamu zveEurope se tekinoroji ine chepfu mune zvematongerwo enyika zviri kutorwa zvakare sezvivakwa zvakakosha.

Kubudirira uku hakusi kungokonzerwa nekuchengetedzwa kwesimba chete. Kukura kweAI nekuvaka nzvimbo yedata kuri kugadzira kudiwa kutsva kwemaindasitiri kwesimba rinoramba richishandiswa, risingashandise kabhoni yakawanda, ukuwo zvinangwa zveEurope zvekubvisa kabhoni hazviregi mukana wekudzoka kwemafuta ekare. Vanoisa mari vari kutevedzera mutemo uyu: M&A yenyukireya yeEurope yakasvika pakakwirira kwemakore manomwe muna 2025, uye kukosha kwechibvumirano muna 2026 kwaive kwatovepo. yakazosvika Mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora panosvika kutanga kwaChikumi, zvakapetwa kaviri kukosha kwegore rose kwakanyorwa muna 2025.

Kutarisa mberi, kuwedzera nekushandisa zvinhu zvenyukireya zvemuEurope kuchave kwakakosha zvikuru sezvo kondinendi iri kushanda kuti ivandudze hunyanzvi hwayo hwedhijitari, kukwikwidzana uye kuchengetedzeka uku ichideredza kuvimba kwayo nesimba muRussia.

Tekinoroji iri kusimudzira kudiwa kwevatengi

Kufambira mberi nekukurumidza kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi emumiganhu kwave chinhu chikuru mukudzokazve kwesimba renyukireya, sezvo kuwedzera kweAI uye kukurumidza kuvaka kwenzvimbo dzedata kuri kukonzera kudiwa kwemagetsi kusvika padanho repamusoro. inofungidzirwa ichasvika mabhiriyoni mazana mashanu nemakumi masere emadhora muna 2025 - ichidarika mabhiriyoni mazana mashanu nemakumi mana emadhora ekudyara mafuta pasi rose - CEO weAlphabet Sundar Pichai akanyevera muBBC iinterview kuti kudiwa kwesimba reAI "guru" kunoda kuwedzera kugona kwesimba kuitira kuti hupfumi husadziviswe nekuwanikwa kwesimba.

Kuchinja uku kunoratidza shanduko huru yehupfumi yakaratidzwa zvizere muna Mbudzi apfuura. Sarudza musangano weFrancePazuva rayo rekuvhurwa chete, chiitiko ichi zvakaziviswa Mari inosvika 151 yekudyara inokosha kupfuura €30 bhiriyoni. Zvinofadza kuti, zvikamu zvesimba nedhijitari zviri pamusoro, nemapurojekiti makumi maviri nemaviri nemakumi maviri zvichiteerana, zvichiratidza kuti maindasitiri aya ari kuva mbiru huru uye dzinoenderana dzehupfumi hwemangwana.

Sekureva kwemuzvinabhizinesi wekuFrance uye CEO weSGH Capital, Alexandre Azoulay, indasitiri huru yenyukireya muFrance inoita kuti ive yakakodzera zvikuru kugamuchira matekinoroji anoshandisa simba rakawanda anoumba kuzvitonga kwehupfumi nemakwikwi, anosanganisira AI, kuchera mari yedhijitari, nzvimbo dzedata, uye komputa ine simba rakawanda. Sezvakataurwa naAzoulay nemazvo, Furanzi inogadzira simba rayo rinenge 70% kubva musimba renyukireya, ine hurongwa hwema reactors matsva matanhatu nemamwe masere ari kufungwa nezvawo, uye ichiri kutengesa magetsi akawanda pasi rose.

Asi, Alexandre Azoulay anotaura kuti France haisi kushandisa simba rayo renyukireya zvakanyanya, ichitora simba rayo rebaseload kunze kwenyika zvichikanganisa pane kurishandisa kusimudzira makambani ane kukosha kukuru akadai seAI, bitcoin mining nenzvimbo dzedata dzakakura. "Kushandisa mari iyi yakawanda kumba," Azoulay anodaro, "kwakakosha pakuvaka hupfumi hune makwikwi uye hutsva."

Simba raAzoulay panyaya iyi rinobva mumakore anopfuura gumi ari pamuganhu weAI, blockchain uye crypto infrastructure investment. Sa CEO weSGH Capital, akavaka portfolio yakasimba yemakambani matsva muzvikamu izvi muFrance neUnited States - vachiziva kugona kwavo kushandura zvinhu kare vasati vatanga kushanda. Azoulay anosimbisa kuti "masisitimu eAI anhasi anovimba nemagetsi akawanda anokwanisika, ane kabhoni shoma, ayo France inogona kupa kuburikidza nezvinhu zvayo zvakakosha zvenyukireya."

Mugwagwa unoenda kuNet Zero 2050

Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuda simba kweAI, nzvimbo dzedata uye mashandiro e cryptocurrency zviri kutyisidzira kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, kudyara mari kwenguva refu musimba renyukireya kwakakosha. Makambani etekinoroji ari kuramba achiona chokwadi ichi, zvichishamisa pamwe chete. simba kudyidzana inomiririra simba reSMR rinosvika 30 GW. Gore rapera, Google yakasaina chibvumirano che chibvumirano neKairos Power kuti vabatsirane mukugadzira simba reSMR rinosvika 500 MW, vachiona kuti network yavo yedata-centre inogona kukura pasina kukanganisa kuzvipira kwayo pakuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.

Chinokosha ndechekuti, simba renyukireya ratove kudzivirirwa Kuburitswa kweCO₂ kunosvika magigatonnes makumi manomwe mumakumi mashanu emakore apfuura, zvakaenzana nemakore angangoita maviri ekugadzirwa kwesimba pasi rose. Uyezve, mu Mamiriro eNet-Zero eIEA (NZE)), simba renyukireya inofungidzirwa zvakakosha kuti chinangwa chekusapindira kwecarbon muna 2050 chirambe chichizadzikiswa, pamwe nesangano repasi rose kusimbisa kuti "kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvigadziri zvenyukireya chikamu chakakosha chenzira isingadhuri yekusvika pakushaya chinhu."

Kuwedzera pakubudirira uku kwekubvisa kabhoni, nyukireya inotarisawo muganho mukuru wezvinogona kushandiswazve: nguva nenguva. Mhepo nezuva zvinoramba zviri zvinhu zvakakosha pakuchinja, asi simba razvo rinochinja-chinja zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye chiedza chezuva, uye chiyero chegrid cheEurope. kuchengetedza bhatiri Chichiri pasi pe3 GWh - chikamu chidiki chezvinodiwa nesystem yakagadzikana. Simba renyukireya risingadzoreki, rinopa simba rakasimba rinoita kuti magetsi anogona kushandiswazve awedzere nguva nenguva pasina kukanganisa kuvimbika, kugadzikana kwegrid kana zvinodiwa nemagetsi zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emazuva ano.

Kupfuura AI ne crypto, maindasitiri eEurope akaomarara - simbi, makemikari, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye kugadzirwa kwehydrogen yakakura - achabatsirwa zvikuru nesimba renyukireya rine kabhoni shoma. Nyukireya inoita kuti ma electrolyser akwanise kushanda nesimba rakawanda uye kugadzira hydrogen inenge isina kuburitsa kabhoni, chinhu chakakosha pakubvisa kabhoni mumaindasitiri aya. Nekuisa maindasitiri akakura muhurongwa hwesimba hunotsigirwa nenyukireya, Europe inogona kuramba ichideredza kusvibiswa uku ichisimbisa kukwikwidza kwayo kwenguva refu mumaindasitiri.

Mhinduro inogara kwenguva refu yekusavimba nesimba reRussia

Kubva pakatanga kusawirirana muUkraine, Europe yafambira mberi zvikuru mukuderedza kuvimba kwayo nemafuta eRussia, asi matambudziko makuru achiripo. Finirendi: gore ra2022 risati rasvika, raitenga hafu yesimba rayo kubva kuRussia, kusanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwemafuta negasi. Nekutanga kwe1.6 GW Olkiluoto 3 reactor uye mugove wenyukireya wakakwira kubva pa28% muna 2022 kusvika pa39% nhasi, simba renyukireya rave musimboti wehurongwa hwaro hwesimba remagetsi.

Asi dzimwe nyika dzemuEurope dzichiri muhukama hwesimba reRussia. Nyika dzisina miganhu dzakadai seCzechia, Slovakia neHungary dzichiri kuramba dzichivimba zvikuru negesi yeRussia inopinda munyika uye ma reactor akagadzirwa neSoviet, zvichiita kuti shanduko iyi iome. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Mubatanidzwa weNyukireya Kutungamirwa neFrance neSweden kuri kuunganidza mubatanidzwa weEU yose - kusanganisira nyika dzeCEE dzataurwa pamusoro apa pakati pedzimwe - kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti pave nenzira yakabatana inokwanisa kusangana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana esimba muEurope.

Zvichienderera mberi, nyika dzine nheyo dzakasimba dzenyukireya, dzakadai seFrance neSweden, dzinogona kusimbisa kuwanikwa kwemagetsi akawanda asina kusimba kana kuti zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinorema. Uyezve, grid yeEU yakabatanidzwa zvakanaka uye zvinhu zvenyukireya zvinogovaniswa zvichasimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwesimba, kuderedza mitengo uye kutsigira zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze.

Europe yava kutarisana nesarudzo. Kuwedzera kwakaonekwa neIEA kuchakosha chete kana vagadziri vemitemo nemaindasitiri vakashandura simba kuita kushandiswa, vachiwedzera simba nekukurumidza zvakakwana kuti vape simba kumakambani anoda simba uku vachitsigira zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze uye vachisimbisa kuzvitonga. Nehunyanzvi, kubvisa kabhoni mumhepo uye geopolitics, Europe inofanira kubata nyukireya sepfuma yehurongwa uye kuita nekukurumidza kuti ive neramangwana resimba rine makwikwi, risina kabhoni yakawanda uye rakazvimirira.

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