Nhare itsva yeEurope: Kuputsa tambo yekuvimba nesimba nemagetsi anogona kudzorerwa

Pamusangano weNorth Sea muHamburg, vatungamiriri veEurope akapika kushandura mvura isina kuchena kuita injini yakasvibirira, zvichiita kuti maindasitiri asanyanya kuomeswa nekudengenyeka kwenyika. Chirongwa chavo chine chinangwa chekubvisa njodzi dzegrid nekuvadzivirira kubva kumatambudziko ehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika, zvichigumisa nguva yekutengwa kwesimba rinodhura, anonyora kudaro Henry McCaw.

Asi, inki yezvematongerwo enyika haigone kuramba yakabatidzwa. EU ichiri kushanda kutsamira Pakutenga kunze kwenyika ne60% yesimba rayo, nyika yekare yematangi nemapaipi haichakodzeri kushandiswa. Kuti ivandudze musimboti wayo, dunhu iri harifanire kungoisa maturbine chete; rinofanira kuzviwanira waya patsva. Izvi zvinoda kuwedzera "connective tissue" yegrid uye kubata simba rekuchengetedza nharaunda sechinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri pane kuyedza mutemo.

Kuchinja uku kuri kutowedzera sezvo hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwezvematongerwo enyika huchipa nzira yekushanda kwemaindasitiri. Misika yemhepo nezuva iri pamberi, iyo yava kuda kusvika padanho rekukura uye ikozvino inoshanda senzvimbo yekusimbisa simba idzva muEurope.

Mhepo nezuva zvinokura

Kutaura nezvesimba remagetsi nhasi zvinoreva kutaura nezvesimba rinogona kudzorerwa; hapana imwe nzira yasara. European Union yayambuka rwizi, zvichiratidza kuti mhepo nezuva hazvisiri "zvimwe" asi idombo guru renguva yekuzvitonga. Muna 2025, simba remagetsi rezuva yakava Simba guru reboka iri. Pamwe chete nemhepo, masimba aya generated 30.1% yemagetsi eEU—zvichizopedzisira zvaderedza mafuta efossil, ayo akadzikira kusvika pa29%.

Kuchinjana uku kunogumisa chikamu chekuedza. Pakupera kwa2025, inenge hafu yesimba reEU raibuda mumagetsi anogona kudzorerwa. Zvakatanga senzira yekukurudzira makambani zvakapinda muinjini inozvimiririra. Rutsigiro rwehurumende rwakazadzisa chinangwa chayo semota yekutanga; nhasi, vatambi vemagetsi vega vakasiya mabasa avo sevashandi vatsva vanotsigirwa nerubatsiro kuti vave ivo vanosimudzira kukura.

Dambudziko iri rachinja kubva pakungodyara maturbine kuenda pakubatanidza masisitimu. Vashandi vega ndivo vari kutungamira, vachibatanidza zvinongedzo zvepamuganhu uye simba rekuchengetedza rinochinjika sezvinodiwa negrid yemazuva ano. Kukura uku kunobvumira Europe kuti isashandise gasi rinochinja-chinja zvachose. Hapana chimwe chakajeka pane izvi kupfuura kuwedzera kwemaindasitiri ari kushandura zvinangwa izvi kuita chokwadi chinoshanda.

GigaBattery Jänschwalde 1000: Kuvandudza shanduko

The GigaBattery Jänschwalde Chiuru chimwe chete chinoshanda sechiratidzo chikuru chekuti simba remhepo nezuva rakura kupfuura hudiki hwazvo. Uku hakusi kuyedzwa; inguva yekuchinja kukuru. Nekushandura nzvimbo yaimbova muzinda wemarasha kuita nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro, vadyidzani veLEAG naFluence vakaratidza kuti shanduko yegreen inogona kufemera hupenyu hutsva mumaindasitiri ekare. Chirongwa chavo, chakabatanidza 1 GW/4 GWh yekuchengetera magetsi pagrid pakupera kwa2025, chinoratidza kuti kurwira kwechokwadi kwesimba remagetsi ikozvino kwakavakirwa pagrid yakasimba, yakangwara uye kugona kuchengetedza simba rezuva rinonaya.

Bhatiri iri guru rinoshanda semushonga unobvisa kuvhunduka kwehurongwa. Kare, mafekitori emarasha airema aipa "inertia" yakasimba inodiwa kuchengetedza grid yakagadzikana; nhasi, mabheti anotungamirwa neAI anoita basa iroro nekukurumidza uye akachena. Anonwa zuva nemhepo kana zvawanda—achidzivirira simba rakanaka kuti risaparare—uye anoripa simba kana makore aungana kana mhepo yadzikira. Jänschwalde inoratidza kuti nerutsigiro urwu rwakakwana, magetsi anogayiwazve agadzirira kupa kuvimbika kwakasimba kunodiwa kuti ashande mafekitori nemafekitori eEurope.

NeuConnect: Kuvaka supergrid isingaoneki

Pachiyero chekondinendi, €2.8 bhiriyoni NeuConnect Interconnector inoratidza zvakare kuti simba remhepo nezuva rapfuura miganhu yenyika kuti risimbise shanduko yakazara yesimba, uye rinogadzira chinongedzo chekutanga chakananga pakati pemisika yesimba yeBritain neGermany. Ichitungamirirwa naMeridiam, mugadziri mukuru uye mudyari wemari, uyo ane hunyanzvi hunodiwa kuronga sangano repasi rose rinosanganisira Allianz neKansai Electric Power, "mugwagwa mukuru wesimba risingaonekwe" uyu unoratidza kuti sei kuwedzera grid yemagetsi nekubatana kwayo nemiganhu kwakakosha pakugadzirisa zvinodiwa nemamiriro ekunze mhiri kweNorth Sea, anoti Julia Prescot, Sachigaro weBhodhi reNeuConnect uye mumwe wevakatanga kambani inotungamira mukudyara mari Meridiam: "NeuConnect ichagadzira nzira itsva yekubatanidza simba panguva iyo hukama hwakasimba uye hunogara kwenguva refu muEurope husati hwambokosha kupfuura izvi."

Nekubvumira 1.4 GW yemagetsi akachena kuti ayerere munzira dzese dziri mbiri, NeuConnect inoita kuti kana kugadzirwa kwemhepo kwasvika pakakwirira mumusika mumwe chete, simba rakawandisa rinoendeswa ipapo ipapo kunzvimbo dzine kudiwa kwakanyanya pane kuti riparadzwe. Kuchinjika uku kwenzvimbo kunoita zvinopfuura kungoderedza kudiwa kwekuchengetedza mafuta ekare; kunoshandura magrid enyika akaparadzana kuita "Supergrid" yeEurope yakasimba uye yakabatana. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hurongwa hwesimba rechokwadi harisi iro rinomira roga, asi iro rakarukwa pamwe chete zvakanaka.

Mapurojekiti akaita seJänschwalde neNeuConnect anoratidza kuti kurwira Europe inozvimiririra kwapinda muchikamu chisina kusimba. Chinangwa chave kuputsa zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivisa kufambira mberi: mitsetse yekukwegura iri kuchema pasi pemitoro mitsva uye magridi enyika achiri kuvharirwa mumiganhu. Nekusanganisa misika iyi kuita "gridi yepamusoro," kondinendi iri pakupedzisira iri kuenda kune sisitimu uko simba rekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza rinogovaniswa uye rinochengetwa nemazvo nemaindasitiri.

Asi, kunyange hazvo mhepo nezuva zviri kuita basa guru, havasi ivo vega vari kushanda nesimba. Kuwanikwa kwemichina mitsva yekurima kuri kubuda, zvichiratidza kuti kunyangwe vachiri vadiki, mapurojekiti aya ane mukana mukuru kana rutsigiro rweveruzhinji nehunyanzvi hwavo hwepachivande zvakabatana nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi. Izvi zvinounza kutarisisa kumuganhu mutsva: "zvizvarwa zvinotevera" zvinovandudzwa zvichangotanga kuwana nzvimbo yazvo.

Kuchengetedza simba 'rakasimba'

Makore gumi chete apfuura, mhepo nezuva zvaingoonekwa sezviratidziro zvemagetsi emafuta negasi. Nhasi, ndiwo matombo makuru. Iye zvino tiri kuona kuberekwa kwakafanana kwechizvarwa chitsva chesimba, sezvo kutsvaga kuri kutendeukira kune simba "rakasimba," rakasimba rinogona kutamiswa uye kuchengetwa kuti riuraye tsika dzedu dzekupedzisira dzemafuta ekare. Kuchinja uku kunotungamirirwa nekuwedzera kwemagasi ebiogasi—nebiomethane. kurova chiyero chikuru che7 bhiriyoni cubic metres panosvika kupera kwa2025—uye kufambira mberi kuenda ku green ammonia uye geothermal heat yechizvarwa chinotevera. Amonia, kunyanya, yave ngarava inokosha yesimba, ichibvumira simba rekuchengetedza nharaunda kutumirwa mhiri kwemakungwa kuti ipe simba kumatangi anorema aimbovimba nemafuta akakora emubunker.

Kuvaka "nhare" iyi yesimba kunoenderana nechisungo chakasimba pakati pehurumende nemakambani akazvimirira. EU inopa mukana wekuti zvinhu zviwedzere kudiwa kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvakaita semabhiriyoni maviri eeuro Yakavakirwa paBio yakatenderera Kubatana kweEurope nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, makambani haasi kungotenga simba chete; ari kuvaka mafekitori uye ari kuzvigadzirira mafekitori. Nekushandisa maturusi matsva kuderedza kudhura kwemitengo yekutanga, vari kushandura kubudirira kwerabhoritari kuita chokwadi cheindasitiri chakaoma. Kuti uone kuti zvirongwa zvikuru izvi zvinoshanda sei pasi, munhu anofanira kutarisa kune vatungamiriri vari pamuganhu.

Eavor: Kusunungura mutoro wepasi pasi petsoka

MuGeretsried, Germany, mugadziri wezvinhu zvitsva akaberekerwa kuCanada Evor Zvakaratidza kuti chigadzirwa chitsva chemagetsi anogayiwazve chine vimbiso yakafanana nemhepo nezuva zvakauya pamberi pavo. Pakutanga kwa2026, nzvimbo yavo huru yakatanga kupa simba kune grid, vachishandisa sisitimu ye "closed-loop" inoshanda se radiator hombe yepasi pevhu. Kusiyana nematsime ekare e geothermal anoda matsime anopisa asingawanzoitiki, iyi setup inokohwa kupisa kwepasi pese pese. Inopa simba rakasimba, rinosvika maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo—8.2 MW yemagetsi uye 64 MW yekupisa—isingaperi kana mhepo yamira kana zuva ranyura.

Kubudirira kwakaitwa kuGeretsried kunoratidza kuti mikana mikuru inogona kuwanikwa muminda mitsva kana maoko erudyi ari kutungamira. Nekuwana rubatsiro rwe €91 miriyoni kubva kuEU Innovation Fund nekushingaira uye kutarisirwa kwehunyanzvi kweinjiniya vega, Eavor akakwanisa kubvisa njodzi pane zvisingazivikanwe. Chirongwa ichi chinoshanda segwaro remagetsi "akasimba" anogona kushandiswazve, zvichiratidza kuti nehunyanzvi hwakakwana uye rutsigiro rwehurumende nevega, kupisa kuri pasi petsoka dzedu kunogona kuva musimboti wesimba renyika.

Green North Energy: Kuchengetedza hutongi muNaantali

Kuwedzera kuchamhembe muNaantali, Finland, Green North Energy zviri kuratidza kuti kuchengetedzeka uye kukura kwemaindasitiri zvinofambidzana. Pakutanga kwa2026, chirongwa chavo chekushandura mhepo yeFinland kuita matani 100,000 eammonia yakasvibirira gore rega rega chakatanga kusvika padanho rekupedzisira. Izvi hazvisi zvekugadzira mafuta chete; ndezvekutonga kwesimba. Ammonia inoshanda semutakuri anokosha, ichibvumira simba rinogona kudzokororwa kuti riiswe mumabhodhoro uye riendeswe kunopisa ngarava dzinorema kana kugadzira fetereza isina zvisaririra, ichicheka tambo yemakemikari negasi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Kuzadzikiswa kwe "ngarava yesimba" iyi kunoratidza kuti manejimendi ehunyanzvi anogona sei kushandura chipingamupinyi chakaoma chetekinoroji kuita pfuma yenyika. Ichitsigirwa nekudyara mari inosvika €600 miriyoni uye hunyanzvi hwezvivakwa zveMeridiam, chirongwa ichi chinoratidza kuti chizvarwa chinotevera chesimba chinoda kubatana kwakasimba. Chinomira semuenzaniso mukuru wekuti kunyange mapurojekiti matsva, kana akaitwa nekungwarira, anogona kuva akakosha sei kumusana weEurope semapurazi makuru emhepo ari kutenderera kumahombekombe.

Hwaro hwekuvimbika

Pakupedzisira, nzira yekuenda kumberi kwesimba reEurope rine simba rakazvimirira iri musanganiswa wesimba wakakura uye unogara kwenguva refu uyo ​​pakupedzisira unogura tambo yekuvimba nekunze. Nekushandisa kukura kwemaindasitiri kwemhepo nezuva kuti ugadzire musana wakagadzikana, ukuwo uchichengetedza budiriro dzechizvarwa chinotevera - senge kupisa kwepasi uye ammonia yegirini - nesimba rakafanana nerakatanga simba rekutanga rinogona kudzorerwazve makumi emakore apfuura, kondinendi inogona kushandura kushaya simba kwayo kwekare kuita muganhu wehurongwa.

Vagadziri vemitemo vekuEurope vane mukana wakasimba mukutsvaga uku: vanogona kuvimba nemakambani makuru nemapurojekiti emuno ari kutoita basa guru. Zvisinei, kufamba kubva papurani kuenda kuchokwadi kunoenderana nezvinopfuura mari chete; zvinoda ruoko rwakasimba rwevashandi vesimba vane hunyanzvi vanogona kufamba nematanho akaomarara ehunyanzvi nemutemo wegrid yemazuva ano. Sezvo Europe ichipinda munguva ino itsva, kubudirira kwemapurojekiti aya kunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye kuzvidavirira. Nekutsigira varwi ava vakasimbiswa, kondinendi inoita kuti kuzvitonga kwayo kwegirinhi kugadzirwe pahwaro hwekuvimbika uye kugona kwenguva refu.

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