Kuvandudzwa kwechikamu chemafuta negasi muNigeria kwakava mutemo

Svondo rapfuura, matare maviri eparamende yeNigeria akapasisa bhiri ragara rakamirirwa rePetroleum Industry Bill (PIB), iro richapinda mumutemo kana richinge ratambira kusaina kwemutungamiri wenyika, uko kuri kutarisirwa kutevera mumasvondo anotevera. Kuchinja kwakakosha kwechikamu chemafuta negesi kwave kuchitariswa kweanopfuura makore gumi, uye bhiri idzva rine zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzira mari inodiwa uye kumutsiridza simba reNigeria. anonyora Colin Stevens.

Kukurumidzira kwekugadzirisa hakuna kumbove kwakakura, semugumisiro wekuvimba neNigeria kune chikamu chemafuta negesi kune mari yekunze uye mari yeHurumende (inomiririra 90% uye 60% maererano). Sezvo mari yekudyara yakazvimiririra pasi rose iri kuwedzera kupinda mumagetsi akachena, dziva rekudyara riripo riri kudzikira, richiwedzerwa nedenda repasi rose. Nekudaro, kune nyika yakaita seNigeria, iyo ine yechipiri yakakura matura emafuta mukondinendi, kuti ichinje kure nemafuta ezvicherwa, kudyara kwakakosha kunodiwa kuitira kutsigira kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa uye huwandu hwevanhu.

Kuzvipira kwehutongi hwekuvandudza

Nekuda kweizvozvo, hutongi hweMutungamiri Muhammadu Buhari hwaita kuti kupasa bhiri iri kuve chinhu chakakosha patemu ino, kugadzirisa zvivharo zvemigwagwa izvo, sekureva kwe KPMG report, yakambodzivirira kudarika kwayo muna 2008, 2012 uye 2018. Bhiri razvino rinoda kuunza shanduko kune hurongwa hwehumambo uye mazwi emari kuti afadze vagadziri vemafuta ekunze, pamwe nekugadzirisa zvinonetsa munharaunda uko mafuta anotorwa. Vagadziri vemafuta ekunze akadai seChevron, ENI, Total uye ExxonMobil, vane zvese mamirirod kuti mari inosvika mabhiriyoni emadhora yakasimudzwa nekuda kwekunonoka kufambira mberi kwebhiri iri, zvichipa chivimbo kune vane chekuita nenharaunda kuti kupasiswa kwebhiri iri kuchaunza mafungu ekudyara.

Chimwe chivharo chikuru chakavharwa nehutungamiriri hwazvino ichimiro chenharaunda dzinotambira, dzakamboiswa parutivi panguva yechirongwa ichi uye vakaedza kuvharisa bhiri iri. Petroleum Host Community Development (PHCD) inoedza kugadzirisa zvinovanetsa nekupa mabhenefiti akananga munharaunda nehupfumi kubva mukushanda kwepetroleum kune nharaunda dzinogamuchira, nekugadzira hurongwa hwekutsigira budiriro yakadzikama, kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kweTrust, iyo nharaunda dzichatora 3. % chikamu chehupfumi hwedunhu remafuta hunogadzirwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa.

Kuvandudzwa kweutongi

Kuda kwekuvandudzwa kwehutungamiriri kwagara kuchitaurwawo sechipingaidzo chekuisa mari mubazi iri. Pasi pebhiri idzva, iyo iripo Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) ichachinja kubva kuhurumende kuenda kukambani ine chikwereti chakaderera, zvichibvumira kuve pachena uye kushanda nesimba. Kupatsanurwa kwakarongeka kweindastiri munzvimbo dziri kumusoro uye dzepakati-nepasi-pasi, dzine vatongi vakasiyana, dzinobvumirawo kutarisa kwakajeka. Kutambirwa kwebhiri iri kwatambirwa nesangano renyika reCentre for Transparency Advocacy, iro akadana iyo "nhanho yakanaka" kune yakagadziridzwa simba indasitiri.

Kugadzirira shanduko yesimba

Bhiri risati ratenderwa, vatsinhi vaidaidzira kuti pave nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvinetswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kugadzira nzira yekusiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwesimba kwakasimba. Zvirongwa zvezvakatipoteredza zvinosanganisira kugadzwa kwemari yekugadzirisa uye zvinodiwa zvezvirongwa zvekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza matanho akanaka, zvisinei anongosangana chete, uye haapfuure, yekutanga miitiro yenyika, uye naizvozvo asingaoneki semunhu ane vavariro yakakwana.

Nekudaro, pane mukana wakajeka wePetroleum Investment Bill kuti iunze mari huru yehurumende, iyo inogona kuiswa muchikamu chinovandudza. Zvirongwa zvakaita sechirongwa chehurumende chesimba rezuva, icho chichaona 2.3 bhiriyoni naira (inenge bhiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mana emadhora) yeCOVID economic recovery fund yakatsaurirwa kuisa mamirioni mashanu solar system, inoratidza chido chekudyara mukugadzira kabhoni yakaderera.

Mhedzisiro yeshanduko idzi, iyo pamwero mukuru inopindura kushoropodzwa kukuru kuNigeria yemafuta negasi chikamu mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kunowedzera kujeka kune vangangoita vatengesi. Kana zvabatanidzwa nekuvhurwa kwehupfumi hwenyika, uye kuzvipira kwakakura mukudyara kwezvivakwa uye zvirongwa zvesimba zvinogara zviripo, kupasa kwePIB kunoratidza zvakanaka kuNigeria.

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