Hurumende dzeEurope dzingabatsira sei vashandirwi kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushomeka kwevashandi?

Nenhamba dzichangoburwa dzinoratidza huwandu hwemabasa asina vanhu munharaunda yeeuro wakawedzera kusvika ku2.2%. muchikamu chekupedzisira cha2025, uye paine mabasa angangoita mamiriyoni maviri nehafu muEU, zviri pachena kuti vashandirwi vekuEurope vari kusangana nematambudziko makuru pamusika wevashandi. Vamwe vevanhu vakanyanya kutambura muboka iri ndivo vari kutambura zvakanyanya - Germany ine Nzvimbo dzine vanhu mamiriyoni 1.7 uye nzvimbo dzisina kuzadzwa dzinopfuura 250,000 muFrance, nepo dzimwe nyika dzemuEurope dzichikanganiswawo, dzakadai se mabasa anosvika 368,000 asina vanhu muNetherlands uye pedyo ne120,000 muAustria, anonyora kudaro Krum Garkov, aimbova nhengo yeCabinet yeMutungamiriri weBulgaria uye Mupi wezano wezvemitemo weEU kuVFS Global.

Zvese izvi zviri kuuya panguva iyo EU iri kusangana nematambudziko mashoma ekushaya mabasa. 5.8 muzana muna Ndira gore rino, nevanhu vari pasi pemamiriyoni gumi nematatu vasina mabasa.

'Kusawirirana kwevashandi' uku kunoratidza kusawirirana kuri kukura kwehunyanzvi - musiyano uripo pakati pehunyanzvi hunodiwa nevashandi varipo - pane kushomeka kwevashandi varipo. European Commission yakanyora kushomeka kwevashandi varipo mu zvikamu zveindasitiri zvinopfuura makumi mana zvakasiyana, kusanganisira hutano, kuvaka, kugamuchira vaenzi, kurima, kutakura, logistics, ICT, uye minda yehunyanzvi, uye ongororo yakawana kuti angangoita maviri mumakambani matatu eSME muEU vakatarisana nekushomeka kwevashandi. EU iriwo kurasikirwa nevashandi vanosvika miriyoni imwe pagore kusvika pamudyandigere, tsika inofungidzirwa kuti icharamba iripo kusvika muna 2050. Uye panosvika 2100, huwandu hwevanhu vari muzera rekushanda muEU hunogona kudzikiswa nemamiriyoni anopfuura makumi mashanu zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a2022.

Kuti vagadzirise izvi, European Commission Chirongwa cheNhanho Panyaya yekushomeka kwevashandi nehunyanzvi, pane zvinhu zvinosanganisira kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwevashandi vekuEurope, kuvandudza nzira dzekufananidza mabasa uye kuwedzera nzira dzekufambisa vanhu zviri pamutemo. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chave chiri kubatanidzwa kwemutemo wevhiza, manejimendi yekutama uye hurongwa hwemusika wevashandi. Zvinokurudzira vashandirwi kuti mutemo wevhiza washanduka kupfuura mvumo yekufamba uye uri kuonekwa sechinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwekufamba kwevanhu muEurope. Zvishandiso zvakaita seEU Blue Card, runyorwa rwemabasa ekushomeka kwenyika uye zvibvumirano zvenyika mbiri zviri kushandiswa zvine hungwaru. Zvisinei, kusimbiswa kwehunyanzvi uye kuvimbiswa kwekugadzirira basa kwave kuri kushaikwa. Kuva nechokwadi chekuti pane kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi kwakasimba kunogona kuva nzira inoshandura nzira dzekufambisa vanhu zviri pamutemo kuita nzira dzinovimbwa nevashandirwi.

Pamusoro peiyo, iyo EU Talent Dziva - puratifomu yekutanga yeEU yose yakagadzirirwa kutsigira kutorwa kwevanhu vane hunyanzvi vasiri vemuEU - ichatangwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Puratifomu itsva yepamhepo ichave nechinangwa chekuronga kutorwa kwevanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, ichibatanidza vanotsvaga mabasa kubva kunyika dzisiri dzeEU nevashandirwi vekuEurope kuburikidza nemabasa akakodzera zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwavo. Izvi zvichabatsira kufambisa kutorwa kwevanhu kubva kunyika dzakadai seIndia, semuenzaniso, iyo inogadzira zviuru zvevashandi vane hunyanzvi hwekuvaka, kugamuchira vaenzi, uye kugadzira zvinhu gore rega rega - rudzi chairwo rwemabasa ayo Europe inoda nekukurumidza.

Asi sezvo matanho ekubatsira kuti vanhu vafambire mberi pamutemo, kugona kwakasimba kwekutonga kuchava kwakakosha. Kutangwa kwakanaka kweEU Talent Pool uye zvirongwa zvakakura zvekutama kwevashandi zvinovimba nenyika dziri nhengo kusimudzira mabasa akakosha akadai sekusimbiswa kwehunhu, kusimbiswa kwemagwaro, kuongororwa kwenjodzi uye kudzivirira hutsotsi - chimwe chinhu icho Mahurumende mazhinji enyika ane basa rekutsvaga mabasa haazokwanisi kuita tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvikumbiro. Kuitwa kwakadaro kunofanira kutanga pakutanga: kusimbisa kuti munyoreri ndiani, hunyanzvi hwaanahwo zvechokwadi, uye kana magwaro avo nezviziviso zvinogona kuvimbwa - vashandirwi vasati vaisa mari uye vasati vapa nguva shoma yekugadzirisa.

Apa ndipo panova vanopa rubatsiro rwekunze (ESPs) - vakaita seavo vatove vachipa mabasa ekugadzirisa mavhiza kuhurumende - vanogona kuva vabatsiri vakakosha mukubudirira kwemitemo yekutama kwevashandi. ESPs, nehunyanzvi hwavo mukusimbisa hunhu hwavo, vakagadzirirwa kutsigira zvinangwa izvi nenzira dzinoverengeka dzakakosha. 

Vatove nemahofisi ekunyorera mavhiza pasi rose uye vane mapuratifomu edhijitari akasimba ekuzadzisa zvinodiwa izvi, vachitarisira huwandu hwakawanda hwevanonyorera uye vachiona kuchengetedzwa kwemashoko vachitevedzera zvizere mitemo yeEU yekuchengetedza data. Kugona kwakadaro kwekugamuchira kushanduka-shanduka kwekudiwa kuburikidza nekutarisira kuwedzera kwevashandi kuchave kwakakosha sezvo kufamba-famba kwevashandi kuchiwedzera.

Kupfuura basa ravo rekutonga, maESP anogona kubatsira zvikuru mukubatana pakati pevashandirwi vekuEurope nevashandi vane hunyanzvi vanobva kunyika dzekunze. Vanogona kutsigira EU Talent Pool nemamwe mabasa akafanana nekuita bvunzo dzakakwana uye kuongororwa kwemagwaro, vachiona kuti vashandirwi vakaenzana nevaya vanokwanisa uye vakaongororwa. 

Rudzi urwu rwe'kudyidzana mukutarisira hunyanzvi' rwatove kuitika muMalta, uko chirongwa cheSkills Pass iri kugadzirisa kushomeka kwevashandi muchikamu chekushanya. Vanyoreri vekunze vanopedza mamodule epamhepo kuti vawane chitupa chehunyanzvi, mushure mezvo vanobhuka kubvunzurudzwa kwehunyanzvi kunoitirwa panzvimbo yekunyorera vhiza, pamwe chete nekunyorera vhiza yavo pachayo.  

Maitiro akasiyana ekusimbisa hunyanzvi, kusimbisa magwaro uye kunyorera vhiza zvakabatanidzwa pamwechete, zvichiita kuti vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika vasvike nyore uye kukurumidzisa maitiro evashandirwi. Izvi zvakasiyana nezvakaitika apo vashandirwi vakataura nezvekusafara kwavo kuti mamwe masangano ekubatsirana haana kugara achiita kuti vashandi vakwanise kufamba nenguva.

Kunze kwekugadzirisa vashandi vatsva kuburikidza nehurongwa uhwu, hunopawo chinhu chakakosha chekudzora mhando, zvichideredza zvakanyanya njodzi yekuti vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika vasina kukodzera vatorerwe basa. Kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi kunobatanidzwa zvakananga murwendo rwekutama - vasati vasvika - kuderedza njodzi. Izvi zvaive zvakakosha sezvo Malta yaive 'yakazara nevashandi vasina hunyanzvi' apo kuvhurwazve kwechikamu ichi mushure medenda reCovid-19 kwakakonzera kutya kukuru kwekutsvaga vashandirwi. Sisitimu iyi haina kuisa mutoro wakakura wezvemari kuhurumende yeMalta, nemari yekushanda ichibhadharwa zvizere nemari yevanoda basa.

Nenzira yakafanana, ESPs inogonawo kubatsira kuona boka rinotevera revashandi vane hunyanzvi vanodiwa neEurope maererano nekuunza vadzidzi kuAfrica. OsitiriyaSemuenzaniso, mayunivhesiti matatu makuru ehunyanzvi muVienna, Graz neLeoben akabatana neESP kuti zviite nyore kuti vadzidzi vane hunyanzvi muIndia vapinde muzvirongwa zvepamusoro zvemasters. ESP iri kusarudza nekuona vadzidzi, kuvaongorora, kusimbisa hunhu hwavo uye kuvabatsira nekunyorera kwavo vhiza, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore uye nekukurumidza kumayunivhesiti. Vadzidzi veMasters vanobva vakwanisa kuwedzerwa vhiza kwegore rimwe muAustria, zvichivabatsira kuwana ruzivo rwebasa uye kubatsira vashandirwi kusangana nematambudziko ehunyanzvi.

Europe iri kuita matanho akakodzera ekugadzirisa kushomeka kwevashandi kwenguva refu munyika yese. Asi remangwana rechero hurongwa hwekufamba kwevashandi richaumbwa kwete chete nemutemo, asiwo nehunhu, kuvimbika uye kukura kwemasisitimu anohupa. Nekuvharira musiyano uripo pakati pezvinangwa zvemutemo nekushandiswa kwemabasa, ESPs inogona kuita basa guru mukuona kuti Europe inogona kukwezva nekubatanidza tarenda repasi rose rainoda kuti rirambe richikwikwidzana mumakumi emakore ari mberi. 

Krum Garkov aimbova nhengo yedare remakurukota rehurumende yeBulgaria uye mupi wezano wezvemitemo weEU kuVFS Global.

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