#Huawei - Haasi munhu wese anoda nhanho yekutamba

Ndinoyeuka imwe vhiki muna December 1990 zvakanaka kwazvo. Iyo huru uye yakanaka yekutengeserana kwenyika yakaungana mumusangano weBrussels, pane imwe nzvimbo inozivikanwa seHeysel, kuti vapedze - vaitarisira - 'Uruguay Round' yehurukuro dzekutengeserana iyo inogona kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana pasi rose, anonyora Jim Gibbons.

Zuva nezuva ndaifamba murima, pamwe chete nevashandi vangu vekhamera, kumasuo echivako chaiitirwa hurukuro. Ikoko, pamwe chete navamwe vakawanda, ndakamirira muchando chaitonhora zvikuru, chinhambwe chinhambwe kubva kunzvimbo yakakurumbira yeAtomium yeBelgium, kuti ndione kana taigona kunyengedza mumwe munhu anocherekedza kuti amire ndokupa upi noupi wedu tsinhiro pamusoro pokufambira mberi (kana kuti kushayikwa kwayo). Tese taida kurira. Vatungamiriri vakanga vakamira panyaya yakaoma yekuvandudzwa kwekutengeserana kwekurima, chipingamupinyi chaizopedzisira chakanganisa nhaurirano kwemakore matatu akareba; zvaizova Kubvumbi 1994 chibvumirano chisati chaitwa, kugadzira World Trade Organisation (WTO). Saka takanga tiri, vanyori veBrussels veEU media, pamwe nevatapi venhau kubva kumativi ose enyika, vachitarisira kupupurira nguva yezvakaitika kare munhoroondo yeGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Taizoodzwa mwoyo, sezvakaita vaikurukurirana vakasiyana-siyana, zvikurukuru avo vaibva kunyika dzichiri kusimukira, avo vaifunga kuti zvavanoda kuti vawane misika yepasi rose zvakanga zvichifuratirwa nokuda kwokuchengeta nyika dzakapfuma dzichifara. “Tine chirevo munyika yangu,” mumwe wezvematongerwe enyika womuAfrica akandiudza kudaro, “Nzou padzinorwa uswa hunotsikwa-tsikwa, uye isu tiri uswa.” Izvozvi zviri kuitika zvakare, kunze kweiyo makore makumi matatu zvichienda mberi, humwe huswa hwakakura hurefu uye pane kuoma uye hunozvidza pachyderms. Vanoramba vachitsika-tsika, zvakadaro.

Tora nyaya ye5G, chizvarwa chinotevera chekukurukurirana kwemagetsi nekubatanidza. Mutungamiri weUnited States, VaDonald Trump, vakazviita mutemo, vachitsigirwa nekutyisidzira, kusabatanidza hofori yeChinese tekinoroji Huawei (nemamwe makambani eChinese) kuti aite chero chikamu mukugadzira network. IUS haina kupa humbowo hwekuti Huawei anotyisidzira, zvinoreva kuti kusasanganisa kambani iyi kutora chikamu imhaka yekuti iChinese uye hurumende yayo ndeyeCommunist, zvirinani mudzidziso. Uye Washington haivimbe neChina. Nekudaro, kusabvisa Huawei pahwaro hwekwaakabva kunenge kuri kutyora chibvumirano chisina kusvikwa muBrussels asi kwangopfuura makore matatu gare gare, apo mazhinji emapato zana nemakumi maviri nematatu ane chekuita akawedzera kusaina kwavo muna Kubvumbi 123, 15. , muMarrakesh, Morocco. Uye haisi muUnited States chete iyo hutongi hwaTrump huri kuedza kurambidza Huawei; kwave kwakasimba-kupa maoko mamwe mubatanidzwa, zvakare. Zvinoita kunge zvakatsunga kuvhara Huawei kubva kumisika yepasirese.

United States inogona kunge iri yekutanga mufambisi mukuedza uku asi haisi yega. Kunyangwe iyo European Union inoita kunge iri kuda kurambidza Huawei kuwana musika. Zvimwe nekuda kwekunetsekana kweAmerica pamusoro pekusagadzikana kunogona kuitika muChinese-yakavakwa 5G michina, European Commission yakaburitsa "5G Toolbox" yekurudziro. Sezvinotaurwa newebhusaiti yeKomisheni: "Bhokisi rematurusi rinogadzirisa njodzi dzese dzakaonekwa muEU yakarongwa ongororo, kusanganisira njodzi dzine chekuita nezvisiri tekinoroji, senjodzi yekukanganiswa kubva kune vasiri veEU kana vatambi vanotsigirwa nehurumende kuburikidza ne5G yekugovera cheni. .” Muchokwadi, Komisheni inoziva nezvekutya uye inoita kunge inosema kutsamwisa maAmerican, kunyangwe zvichireva kutyora mitemo yeWTO. "Chokwadi Security Union ndiyo inochengetedza vagari vemuEurope, makambani uye zvivakwa zvakakosha," akadaro Margaritis Schinas, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weKukurudzira European Way of Life, "5G ichave tekinoroji inoputsa asi haigone kuuya nekurasikirwa kuchengetedzwa kwemusika wedu wemukati. " Saka, kuzununguka zvishoma ipapo. Zvichida chinoda kudzikamiswa pano kutya kuti China inogona kuteerera kune zvakavanzika zvedu isu tisingazive, kune rimwe divi, uye kutya kuti Europe ichasara kumashure mukumhanyirira kune kutengeserana pasina kupokana, inofambiswa kuburikidza ne5G, pane imwe. "Mumhedziso dzebhokisi rematurusi," inodaro Komisheni, "Nhengo dzeNyika dzakabvumirana kusimbaradza zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, kuongorora mamiriro enjodzi yevatengesi, kushandisa zvirambidzo zvakakodzera kune vatengesi vanoonekwa senjodzi huru kusanganisira kusabatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoonekwa sezvinetso uye zvine hanya. (sezvakaita sebasa retiweki), uye kuve nemaitiro ekuona kusiyanisa kwevatengesi. " Zvinoenderana nekunzwisisa kwangu kwemitemo yeWTO, kuve kwepamutemo kwechisarudzo ichocho kwaizoratidzika, zvakanyanya, kusina chokwadi. Muchokwadi, chibvumirano cheWTO chakanetsa vamwe, kunyanya kuruboshwe rwezvematongerwo enyika. The late Alex Falconer, Glasgow Labor MEP kusvika kure kuruboshwe zvekuti anga aine poster yaLenin pamadziro ake, akandimisa nekusimudza muParamende yeEuropean, ndakatsvuka kumeso uye akandipinza muchipfuva nechigunwe chakatsamwa, kunyevera kuti kwaireva, sokutaura kwaakaita, kuti “zvisarudzo zvikuru zvose zvezvamatongerwe enyika munguva yemberi zvichaitwa mumakamuri eboka remasangano, seri kwemasuo akavharwa. Ndiko kupera kwedemocracy,” vakadaro. Neimwe nzira, iyi gakava riripo rinoratidza kuti zvematongerwo enyika zvichiri kuyedza kuita chikamu, zvisinei nehungwaru.

Zvirinani EU haisati yasarudza maitiro akaomesesa aRobert O'Brien, US Security chipangamazano, mukutaura nezveChinese tech makambani. "Vachangoba zvakavanzika zvehurumende," akaudza vatori venhau, pavakaziva kuti hurumende yeUK yasarudza kuenderera mberi nekuita kuti Huawei ape nharembozha yayo ye5G, kunyangwe munzvimbo dze "peripheral", "kungave iyo nyukireya yeUK. zvakavanzika kana zvakavanzika kubva kuMI6 kana MI5." Zvose zvinoratidzika kunge zvakanyanyisa, zvakada kufanana nehurongwa hwebhaisikopo re'Mission Impossible' kupfuura nyika chaiyo, umo nyika dzinochinjana zvinhu nemari. Asi O'Brien anoramba achinetseka. "Zvinotikatyamadza," anodaro, "kuti vanhu veku UK vaizotarisa Huawei seimwe sarudzo yekutengeserana. 5G isarudzo yekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. " Magweta Michel Petite naThomas Voland vekambani yezvemitemo Clifford Chance, vakaratidza muchinyorwa cheFrankurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) kuti US haina kukwanisa kuburitsa humbowo hwekuita zvakaipa neHuawei, ZTE kana chero imwe kambani yeChinese tech. "Vashandi venetiweki vanoshora zvirambidzo zvakasimba," vakanyora muchinyorwa ichi. "Kambani yeTelfonica nguva pfupi yadarika yakasimbisa kuti hapana njodzi dzinozivikanwa dzakananga kune Hardware yevamwe vagadziri." Magweta ane kushushikana pamusoro pemutemo wedanho rekubvisa makambani ekuChina, zvakare: "Kungove pasina kukanganisa kwekongiri kunogona kuratidzwa kukambani, hazvinetse kuti zvirambidzo kana kurambidzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvayo zvinoenderana nemutemo wenyika."

Muchokwadi, mutemo weUS unogona kukuvadza kwenguva refu kune zvazvinofarira. Nekudzivirira makambani eUS kupa zvinhu kuHuawei, Washington yakamanikidza kambani iyi kuti itsvage nzira dzekuzadza gaka nezvigadzirwa zvayakazvigadzira nekuzvigadzira pachayo, zvichigadzira kukurudzira kutsvagiro nebudiriro yeChina. Huawei anga aine kugadzira uye kutsvagisa kuvepo muEurope kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri uye inoti chete makumi matatu muzana ezvikamu muzvigadzirwa zvayo zvinobva kuChina. Tichifunga kuti vakwikwidzi vayo vane mabhesi mune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira United States, pfungwa yekurambidza yakavakirwa pa'nzvimbo yekwakabva' ingaite kunge isiri pamutemo chete asi isingaite, zvakare. Zvingave zvakaoma kurambidza 30% yechigadzirwa.

Abraham Liu, mumiriri mukuru weHuawei kumasangano eEU

Chero zvazvingava, Huawei akataura kakawanda kuti inozviona iine ramangwana reEurope. "Huawei akazvipira kuEurope kupfuura nakare kose," akadaro Abraham Liu, Mumiriri Mukuru weHuawei kuEU Institutions. Vaitaura pachiitiko chikuru chaitirwa muBrussels chekucherechedza Goredzva reChina. “Tiri kutarisira makore makumi maviri anotevera tiri muno. Ndosaka takafunga kuti tinoda kumisikidza mabhesi ekugadzira muEurope - kuitira kuti tive ne20G yeEurope yakagadzirwa muEurope. Zvichakadaro, European Union ine 'toolbox' yayo uye zvakare ine NIS Cooperation Group, iyo yakagadzirwa ne5 Directive on Security of Network and Information system (iyo NIS Directive) kuve nechokwadi chekubatana pamwe nekutsinhana kweruzivo pakati peEU. Nhengo dzeNyika mune cybersecurity. Sangano reNIS Cooperation Group rinosanganisira vamiriri veEU Member States, European Commission uye EU Agency yecybersecurity (ENISA). Mune imwe nyaya muEurope Diplomatic Magazine, T. Kingsley Brooks akanyora kuti “Huawei ane nhoroondo refu yekubatanidzwa kweEurope. Huawei yakavhura nzvimbo yayo yekutanga yekutsvagisa muEurope muna 2000, ine vashandi vashoma muStockholm. Ikozvino ine vashandi vanopfuura zviuru gumi nezvitatu nemazana matatu uye inomhanyisa nzvimbo mbiri dzedunhu uye makumi maviri nematatu ekutsvagisa masangano munyika gumi nembiri dzeEU.

Nei zvichikosha kudaro? Nekuti 5G inguva yemberi - zvirinani, ikozvino. Hapana mubvunzo kuti ichabatwa pane imwe nguva yeramangwana (pane munhu ari kushanda pa6G?) Asi hapana-anokwanisa kusara kumashure, ndosaka Britain yakasarudza, zvine nharo, kugamuchira Huawei mukugadzira yayo 5G network. Pane chirevo chekare: "Ani naani ane chikuva, ndiye muridzi wemutengi." Mujaho uyu kuve wekutanga kumisa matekinoroji mapuratifomu uye kukiya-muvatengi vavo kuri kuwedzera kuita zvematongerwo enyika. Zvinoenderana ne5G Security webhusaiti, "Iyo inogona kuwanikwa kwehupfumi kubva ku5G kusimudzira uye kutumira, iyo budiriro ingangove yekutsamira mune ramangwana pa5G, uye kushandiswa kwe5G kwechiuto kunoita kuti ive mumiriri mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika.” Asi hazvisi kuzoitika kamwe kamwe; mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kunyange 4G haisati yanyatsobudiswa. Maererano ne GSM Association (GSMA) boka rekutengeserana, vanenge mabhiriyoni 1.2 vanhu - mamiriyoni 460 muChina chete - vachawana ruzivo rwemambure e5G ne 2025. Nhanho yekushandiswa kwemambure inongowedzera mushure meizvozvo. Sekureva kwewebhusaiti yayo, "GSMA inomiririra zvido zvevashandisi venhare pasi rese, ichibatanidza vashandi vanodarika mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu nemakambani anoda kusvika mazana mana munharembozha, kusanganisira vanogadzira mawoko nemidziyo, makambani esoftware, vanopa michina nemakambani einternet, pamwe ne masangano ari muzvikamu zveindasitiri zviri pedyo.”

Parizvino, hongu, nyika yakambokanganiswa nedenda reCoronavirus. Mhedzisiro yaro inosiririsa yakanzwika pasirese uye inogona kukanganisa mararamiro atinoita kwemwedzi yakati wandei iri kuuya. Asi kunyangwe takatarisana nedambudziko iri, 5G ine basa rekutamba. Semuyenzaniso, chipatara cheHuoshenshan che emergency emergency chiri kuWuhan chaive chekutanga pasirese chine nzvimbo yekubvunzana kure, ichishandisa gigabit network, inotsigirwa ne5G. Huawei akagadzira hurongwa hwaibvumira vanachiremba muWuhan kuti vabvunze nekukurumidza nenyanzvi muBeijing. Artificial intelligence (AI) yakabatsira kuongororwa yakabvumira chirwere chemurwere kuti chionekwe mumasekonzi gumi, nekusimbiswa nachiremba mumaminetsi maviri uye mushumo wakadhindwa mumasekonzi makumi matatu: nekukurumidza katanhatu pane kuitisa maitiro nemawoko. Iyo system yakaiswa muzvipatara makumi maviri muChina. Saizvozvo, kushandisa AI panzvimbo yekufona kwakabvumira vanhu mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe nevaviri vari panjodzi huru kuti vaonekwe mukati memaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe. Iro basa rimwe chete rakaitwa nemaoko ringadai rakatora 372 maminetsi, sekureva kwaHuawei. Iyo yakafanana sisitimu yakaiswa kushandisa kusefa kuburikidza nemishonga inodarika zviuru zvisere nemazana mashanu iripo kutarisa kana ichigona kubatsira mukurwisa COVID-4,800.

Iyo rôle tekinoroji, kusanganisira 5G, inogona kunge iine mukubatsira panguva yekubuda kweCovid-19 yakasimudzwa panguva yekupokana kwemhepo kwakarongwa neDebating Europe. Mumwe weavo vari kutora chikamu, Pearse O'Donohue, Director weFuture Networks kuEuropean Commission, akati "tekinoroji, kunyanya tekinoroji, chinhu chakakosha pakuedza kwedu kurwisa denda iri." Akabvuma kuti isu hatisati tave nekuwana kwakazara ku5G, kunyangwe pasina mubvunzo ichaita chikamu chikuru mune ramangwana. Zvichakadaro, tekinoroji iripo ine yakakosha yenguva pfupi rôle mukutsvaga, kuongorora uye kutsigira kurapwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Abraham Liu, Mumiriri Mukuru weHuawei kumasangano eEU, anobvumirana, achitenda kuti tekinoroji ichaita basa rinowedzera kukosha. "Pakazere," akadaro, "ndinofunga tinofanira kutora tekinoroji sesimba rezvakanaka." Anonzwa zvakare kuti 5G icharatidza kukosha kudzoreredza hupfumi kuhutano kana dambudziko rapera. “Vanhu vakawanda vangave vakarasikirwa nemabasa avo,” akadaro, “uye zvichida vanhu vakawanda vachatofanira kutangazve mubhizimisi nomubasa. Tinoda vanhu kuti vakwanise kuve nekubatana kwakanakisa kunowanikwa. 5G, kana ukataura nezve high speed Broadband, ine mukana wepamusoro." Sezvandinogona kuona, kunetseka chete pamusoro pe5G kune chekuita nekufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze. Inofambisa pa24 gigahertz, iyo inogona kupindirana neiyo 23.8 GHz siginecha inoburitswa zvakasarudzika nemhepo yemvura mhute. Imhute iyi inotariswa nemidziyo yemamiriro ekunze emasatellite ari muEarth orbit, zvichigona kuita kuti zvinyanye kufembera mafambiro emhepo, uye pamwe kuita kuti kufanotaura kuve kushoma. Asi iro rinogona kunge riri dutu mumukombe wetii.

Pane kutyirwa kuti dambudziko iri richaratidza chokwadi chekuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope hadzina kubatana, zvichisiya inonzi 'digital divide' pakati pevane mukana weInternet nevasina. "Iyi inyaya yatinofanira kugadzirisa, yatinofanira kumuka," akadaro O'Donohue, "inyaya yekumuka munyika asi kunyanya kuEurope." MEP weGreek Socialist Eva Kaili anobvuma kuti: "Ndinofunga kuti kuri kusundidzira hurumende dzakawanda kuti dzinzwisise kuti tinofanira kuita kuti munhu wese abatanidzwe kana kuti sarudzo yekubatanidza." Sezvo isu tichinetsekana kuti titore pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekuvharika-pasi, izvo pasina mubvunzo zvakakosha, kana vagadziri vemitemo vanogona kumira kukakavara voenderera mberi nazvo. Huawei ari kupa mast-in-masts kubatanidza vanhu vazhinji, anodaro Liu. "Zvichienderana nemagetsi ezuva, ma microwaves, ane danda riri nyore," akatsanangura kudaro, "uye nemutengo wakaderera. Tiri kuedza kuita izvi, uye vamwe vashandi vemumaindasitiri vari kushandawo nazvo, uye zvichabatsira. ” Tekinoroji yaunza rimwe dambudziko, zvisinei: chishuwo chedzimwe hurumende chekutevera mafambiro evanhu vane hutachiona uye avo vari panjodzi huru vanopinda muEU data yekuvanzika mitemo.

China yagara ichishamisa vashanyi vanobva kuMadokero, sezvazviri kushamisa vanhu vekumavirira munyika dzavo nehunyanzvi hwayo hunoshamisa. Munguva yeYuan Dynasty kusvika kumagumo e13^th zana remakore, Venetian Marco Polo akaenda ikoko. Akanga akaremerwa zvokuti akada kuwedzeredza, achitaura kuti Suzhou yakanga ine mabhiriji ematombo 6,000 1.6 (akaidana kuti 'Venice yekuMabvazuva') uye kuti guta reHangzhou, iro raizokurumidza kuva guta guru pasi peimba yeSouth Song, yakanga ine 1300 - mamiriyoni edzimba. Zvinoita sezvisingabviri kuti akanga adziverenga uye zvakaita kuti apiwe zita remadunhurirwa kumusha kwa'il Milione' - VaMamiriyoni - iro raivewo zita raipihwa nevaverengi vachiseka bhuku rake, The Travels of Marco Polo, parakabudiswa muna 2,000. Havasi vose vakatenda shoko razvo. Muchokwadi, zvakadaro, Marco Polo anogona kunge akawedzera zvinhu zvishoma asi zviri pachena kuti aifunga China inzvimbo yakakosha. Hapana mubvunzo kuti ndizvo. Nhoroondo yaro yakarebesa uye yakaoma, kunyangwe iyo Great Wall isiri - sezvakataurwa nevamwe - inoonekwa kubva muchadenga uye 1,000 makore ekare. Kwenguva yakawanda yokuvapo kwayo haina kana nyika imwe chete iri pasi pedzinza rimwe chete; miganhu yakasuduruka. Asi zvave zvichishamisa zvinoshamisa; kure chaizvo nepfuti (isina kutanga kushandiswa sechombo) varwi vayo vaishandisa machinjiro makore anoda kusvika chiuru vasati vasvika kuEurope. Vanhu vekare vekuChina, makore XNUMX XNUMX asati azvarwa BC, vaive nevanamwari vakawanda asi havana kuvatenda nekusika, sekureva kwaJohn Keay, mubhuku rake rakanakisa, 'China - A History'. “Panzvimbo pengano dzechisiko,” anotsanangura kudaro, “nhau yeChina inotanga nengano dzokutanga uye panzvimbo pomusiki ine ‘mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuitika’. Zvinokurudzira kuita kwesainzi, chikamu dema, chikamu cheBig Bang, iyi yaizivikanwa seKutanga Kukuru. " Kana kuti saka zvinotsanangurwa muzana remakore rechitatu BC 'Huainanzi', Keay anodaro.

China inyika inoshingaira uye ine hunyanzvi, chero maonero eWashington pamusoro pemamiriro ayo ezvematongerwo enyika uye zvisinei nemaonero api anofurira (kana kutsvaga kufurira) mamwe masimba ekumadokero, kusanganisira EU. Abraham Liu akatsanangura maitiro eAmerica se "kufungira kune zvematongerwo enyika". Saka ngatijekese zvinhu zvishoma: 5G iri kuuya, kunyangwe isati yasvika kwauri. Izvo zvichave zvakakosha pakushanda kweiyo inonzi 'Internet Yezvinhu' (IoT), kubatanidza zvinhu zvisina hupenyu kuitira kuti zvigone kudzorwa kubva kure, zvinenge zvechokwadi neAI, iyo ichavimba ne5G nedzimwe nzira. Ndichiri kutya nezvechimwe chinhu chinogona, nedzidziso uye kana chakabiwa nemushandisi ane hutsinye, kudzima mwenje wangu, kusimudza hi-fi uye kuvhura iyo katsi flap kana ichifanirwa kurekodha chirongwa cheterevhizheni. Chero nyika inoda kufambirana nekuchinja kwepasi rose mune tekinoroji inosungirwa kuishandisa. Kana zviri zvekumisa Huawei kunharaunda, zano rakarambwa naJanka Oertel, mukuru wezvemitemo kuEuropean Council on Foreign Relations uye Director weAsia Chirongwa: "Kunyepedzera kuti pachave nemusiyano wakajeka - pakati pepakati. network inogona kuchengetedzwa uye redhiyo yekuwana network - inhema. " Rimwe remazuva ano, isu tese tichajairira kune iyo pfungwa ye5G uye isu tichatora sekurerutsa kugona kwayo kwakapetwa. Ndiyo nguva yekuti 6G ichauya.

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